Rosa davurica

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Rosa davurica
Rosa davurica var. Davurica in the habitat

Rosa davurica var. Davurica in the habitat

Systematics
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Roses ( pink )
Subgenus : pink
Type : Rosa davurica
Scientific name
Rosa davurica
Pall.

Rosa davurica is a plant from the genus roses ( Rosa ) within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae). It iswidespreadwith three varieties in China , Japan , Korea , Mongolia and eastern Siberia . It is used as a medicinal plant and in the temperate areas as an ornamental plant.

description

Radially symmetrical flower with five pink petals and many stamens

Appearance and leaf

Rosa davurica grows as an independently upright shrub that can reach heights of up to 1.5 meters. Depending on the variety, the dense or sparsely reinforced, stem-round branches have a purple to gray-brown, bare bark . The spines , standing in pairs below the leaves, are yellowish, petal-round, slightly curved.

The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade and are 4 to 10 centimeters long. The petiole and the rhachis leaf are downy or glandular-downy hairy and sparsely prickly. The leaf blade is imparipinnate with seven or nine leaflets. The leaflets are 1.5 to 3.5 centimeters long, rarely up to 4 centimeters long and 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters wide, elongated or broadly lanceolate with a rounded or broadly wedge-shaped base and a pointed or rounded- blunt upper end. The leaflets have a single and double serrated edge. The underside of the leaflets can be dotted with glands and is finely hairy or glabrous; with raised central and lateral nerves. The upper side of the leaflets is glabrous; with concave central and lateral nerves. The two stipules are usually fused with the petiole. The free part of the stipule is downy hairy on the underside, egg-shaped with a pointed upper end and a glandular serrated edge.

blossom

The flowering period in China extends from June to July. The flowers are in the leaf axils individually or in twos or threes in small clusters. The unterseits fluffy hairy and glandular dotted bracts are egg-shaped sharpened upper end and glandular serrated edge. The bald or glandular-hairy flower stalk is 5 to 8 millimeters long.

The fragrant, hermaphrodite flowers have a diameter of 3 to 4 centimeters and are radially symmetrical and five-fold with a double flower envelope. The bare flower cup (hypanthium) is almost spherical. The five leaf-like sepals are lanceolate, sparsely downy and hairy with short glands and downy hairs on top; their edge is irregularly serrate or hairy glandular-downy. The five free, roof-tile-like overlapping petals are pink and obovate with a broad, wedge-shaped base and rounded upper end. The many free stamens are inscribed on the disc . The many free fluffy hairy carpels are significantly shorter than the stamens.

Fruit and seeds

The rose hips, which are bright red when ripe, are glabrous and 1 to 1.5 centimeters in diameter, spherical or egg-shaped with a distinct collar. The rose hips are crowned by the durable, upright sepals. The seeds are hanging. The fruits ripen in China from August to September.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 7; there is diploidy , i.e. 2n = 14.

Systematics and occurrence

Rosa davurica was first published in 1788 by Peter Simon von Pallas in Flora Rossica , Volume 1, 2, p. 61. The Asian Rosa davurica is closely related to the European Rosa majalis .

There are three varieties of Rosa davurica :

  • Rosa davurica Pall. var. davurica (Syn .: Rosa willdenowii Sprengel ): thrives in sunny locations at the edges of forests, on grass hills and clearings at altitudes of 400 to 2500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hebei , Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning , Nei Mongol , Shanxi ; in Japan , Korea , southern and eastern Mongolia and eastern Siberia .
  • Rosa davurica var. Glabra Liou : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and in northern Korea.
  • Rosa davurica var. Setacea Liou : It thrives on slopes at altitudes of around 900 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Nei Mongol.

use

This wild rose thrives in the temperate areas as an ornamental plant on most soils , even on heavy soils without waterlogging, but best on pH-neutral soils. It does best in sunny locations. Rosa davurica is hardy to −29 ° C ( USDA zone 5 ).

Rosa davurica is also used in nutrition , folk medicine and the manufacture of cosmetics .

The rose hips are eaten raw or cooked. They have a sweet taste, but the "pulp" is quite dry. The rose hip contains about 2.8% vitamin C in the dry matter . The rose hip has only a thin layer around the many seeds that can be used. Be careful, you have to be sure that you have removed all seed hairs. The seed hairs cause problems in the mouth and digestive tract. The seeds are a good source of vitamin E. The seeds can be ground and mixed with flour and used as an additive to other foods.

The medical effects were examined. For example, the rose hips from Rosa davurica contain various sugars, ascorbic acid , carotenoids and phenols . Were, for example at bioactive ingredients quercetin -3-O-glycosides as well as gallic acid - derivatives isolated. For these two groups of ingredients, an effect on superoxide anions and free DPPH - radical purging has been proven. Overall, rose hips have been shown to have antioxidant effects, which explains some medicinal effects.

The roots and rose hips of Rosa davurica var. Davurica are used medicinally.

Rosa davurica var. Glabra is used as an ornamental plant. It is used as a grafting base for some types of roses in northeastern China. The rose hips are eaten. The roots, flowers and rose hips are used medicinally.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Gu Cuizhi, Kenneth R. Robertson: Rosa. : Rosa davurica , p. 359 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8
  2. ↑ a b c d data sheet distributed in Mongolia at FloraGREIF - Virtual Flora of Mongolia of the University of Greifswald, Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology , Institute for Geography and Geology, since 2010 with continuous updates.
  3. ↑ Rosa davurica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ Rosa davurica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 24, 2014.
  5. ↑ Rosa davurica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  6. ↑ a b Rosa davurica at Plants For A Future . Retrieved November 27, 2014.
  7. ↑ a b Ying Wei, Muyi Cai, Ruizeng Gu, Jun Lu, Feng Lin, Baoping Ji: In vitro antioxidant activity and inhibitory hepatic steatosis effect on oleic acid-induced fatty liver model of consecutive extracts from Rosa davurica Pall. In: African Journal of Biotechnology , Volume 12, Issue 31, July 2013, pp. 4944-4951, ISSN  1684-5315 . doi : 10.5897 / AJB11.3997 full text PDF.
  8. ↑ Fenghua Maab, Toshihisa Onodaa, Wei Lia, Tatsunori Sasakia, Ling Maa, Qingbo Zhangb, Kazuo Koikea: A new flavonoid glycoside and other chemical constituents from leaves of Rosa davurica and their antioxidant activity. In: Natural Product Research , Volume 27, Issue 23, 2013, pp. 2178-2182. doi : 10.1080 / 14786419.2013.811408

Web links

Commons : Rosa davurica  - collection of images, videos and audio files