Roztoka (Dobromierz)
| Roztoka | |||
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 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Świdnica | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 58 ' N , 16 ° 14' E | ||
| Height : | 235 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 1100 | ||
| Postal code : | 58-173 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 74 | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Roztoka [ rɔs'tɔka ] (German Rohnstock ) is a village in the rural community Dobromierz in the Powiat Świdnicki in Poland . The place is best known for the Rohnstock Castle of the same name, where Frederick the Great stayed during the Battle of Hohenfriedberg in 1745 . The castle was owned by the Counts of Hochberg for a long time . Until 1945 Rohnstock, with its then around 1,600 inhabitants, belonged to the district of Jauer in the province of Lower Silesia .
geography
Roztoka is located on the Angry Neisse, about 60 km southwest of Wroclaw , roughly in the middle of the triangle of Jawor , Strzegom and Bolków .
history
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The name Rohnstock is derived from Old High German "rono", Middle High German "rone" = tree stump and Ahd., Mhd. "Stoc" = tree stick and was created when trees were felled and (root) sticks were cleared at this point. An earlier community seal shows a tree stick with two (Rode) axes.
In 1305 the name of the village was mentioned for the first time in the "Liber fundationis ..." as Rostock. On April 15, 1380, Sunday Jubilate , Duchess Agnes von Habsburg , widow of Duke Bolko II , granted Rohnstock the right to run the salt market. In 1411 Nikol von Ronau became the landlord of Rohnstock. Conrad I. von Hoberg, who was married to Catharina von Reibnitz, bought the Rohnstock property from the von Reibnitz brothers on January 2, 1497 . In 1499 a bell of the Catholic Church was cast and hung, and another bell was installed in 1500. After it had to be given in for armament purposes in the Second World War , it is now in the cathedral in Münster in Westphalia. From March 22, 1507, Conrad I von Hoberg and his son Christoph took part in a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in Jerusalem under Duke Friedrich II of Liegnitz and Brieg . When Conrad I died on July 31, 1520, he left behind the sons Georg, Christoph and Hans. The oldest, Georg, got the Rohnstocker goods. During the Reformation the church became Protestant in 1523. Patron was Georg von Hohberg on Rohnstock.
In 1636, Justina Dittrich (later famous under Justina Siegmund or Justine Siegemundin ) was born in Rohnstock , daughter of Pastor Dittrich, the Churbrandenburg court-woe mother, who was highly deserved for her birth. Her father Pastor Elias Dittrich had to flee from the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War . In 1644 the Protestant pastor Joachim Kretschmer took office. Their church was taken from the Evangelicals on January 15, 1654. From then on the Evangelicals adhered to the Friedenskirche in Jauer .
From 1667, a description of the Rohnstock Castle in "The re-alive Phoenix of the two principalities Schweidnitz and Jauer" by Ephraim Ignatio Naso (Breslau 1667) has been handed down:
“There are two different apartments here that are enclosed by a deep moat. One belongs to the high born Mr. Christoph, Baron von Hohberg, the other to Mr. Conrad, Baron von Hohberg, who are brothers. In their youth they were busy doing chivalrous exercises and have traveled to many countries and kingdoms. "
In 1720 the castle was under Hans Heinrich III. Imperial Count von Hochberg rebuilt for the first time. In the newly built manorial riding and carriage house in the castle courtyard, the first Protestant service was celebrated on December 24, 1741 with Deacon Simonstrat from Jauer. On May 3, 1742, the first evangelical preacher George Petzold was installed. Construction of the new Protestant school building began in 1742 and was completed in 1743. The previous lord of the castle Hans Heinrich III. Reichsgraf von Hochberg died on June 9, 1743. Heir and successor was his son Hans Heinrich IV. Reichsgraf von Hochberg, Freiherr zu Fürstenstein auf Rohnstock.
On June 3, 1745, the eve of the Battle of Hohenfriedeberg, the highest commanding officer of the Austrian army, Prince Karl of Lorraine, and the Duke of Weißenfels were guests in the castle. On the evening of the Battle of Hohenfriedeberg, June 4, 1745, Frederick II, the Great, visited the castle. On June 5, 1745, General Chasot presented King Frederick the Great with 66 flags captured by the Austrians in the courtyard in front of the palace. After the death of the Catholic pastor Kraus on April 1, 1746, Hans Heinrich Graf von Hochberg asked the king to return the Catholic Church to the Evangelicals. On May 12, 1746, Frederick the Great refused this request. The foundation stone for a Protestant prayer house was laid on September 30, 1746. On December 24th, 1747 the prayer house "Zum Kripplein Christi" was consecrated. The building was massive and covered with "flatwork". Altar, pulpit and organ were arranged one above the other. A church property of 800 thalers was established by the manor. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the removal of the church, Rohnstock celebrated the 14th church festival with Pastor George Petzold on the 4th Advent 1754.
Friedrich Bernhard Werner made 1754 a. a. two excellent pen drawings from the castle and church district. Before Frederick the Great moved against the Austrians near Kunersdorf, he took his headquarters in Rohnstock Castle in March 1759. In April 1785 there was a heavy flood of rain that caused great damage in the lowlands, including Rohnstock. On the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Reformation, the Protestant community received the stately hunter's garden as a cemetery on October 19, 1817 through a deed of gift from Count von Hochberg. At the beginning of 1818, larger districts in Silesia were divided. The previously unified Bolkenhain-Landeshuter district was also dissolved into two independent districts. Rohnstock now belonged to the Bolkenhain district. In 1820, thanks to a donation from Hans Melchior Julius von Schweinitz auf Kauder, two bells were purchased and consecrated for the prayer house. On November 1, 1847, the Protestant cemetery in Rohnstock, a gift from Count von Hochberg to the Reformation jubilee, was inaugurated. The Protestant rectory was built in 1867. Under Hans Heinrich XIV. Bolko von Hochberg , the Rohnstock Castle was rebuilt again in 1870. In 1873 the construction of a new Protestant church began, the builder of which was Captain Wentzig from Rohnstock. The old prayer house, with the exception of the crypt, was demolished.
During an imperial maneuver near Rohnstock in 1875, Rohnstock Castle was the headquarters of Kaiser Wilhelm I. The then Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm also stayed at Rohnstock Castle on September 14, 1875. In 1878 the new Protestant church "Zum Kripplein Christi" was inaugurated. A flood of the Angry Neisse in June 1883 flooded Rohnstock among others. On October 10, 1886, Count Bolko von Hochberg zu Rohnstock was appointed interim director of the Royal Drama in Berlin. The first Rohnstock station was built in 1889 between Weidenpetersdorf and Hausdorf. Since then, Weidenpetersdorf has been called Ober-Rohnstock. In 1890 the Striegau - Bolkenhain railway line was built on a single track. From 16 to 19 September 1890 an imperial maneuver was carried out in the Jauer district. Kaiser Wilhelm II. (1888–1915), son of Friedrich III., Was a guest at Rohnstock Castle at the Imperial Count Bolko von Hochberg's. Emperor Franz Josef I († 1916) of Austria was also a guest at the palace that year . King Albert of Saxony, who had his quarters in Börnchen, came to the evening meals in the castle. In July 1897 and 1898 the angry Neisse caused floods. The second time the weir in Rohnstock was torn away.
On August 3, 1901, Countess Marie Agnes von Hochberg married Count Carl von Pückler in the Evangelical Church of Rohnstock. All the villagers took part in this wedding. In 1902 the post office was built. A great flood of the angry Neisse on 17./18. April 1903 Neisse flooded Bolkenhain, Rohnstock and Jauer. Another huge flood on May 7, 1903 damaged the large stone bridge in Ober-Rohnstock. In the evening the count was picked up from the station in a carriage. After he had passed the bridge at high speed, it collapsed with a loud crash. The clean-up began the next day. The weir in Rohnstock was torn away again. On January 16, 1905, Pastor Sieber from Anhalt near Pless was appointed by the patron, Count von Hochberg, to the evangelical pastoral position, which was completed by the death of Superintendent Hillberg. The Catholic pastor Josef Göbel was introduced to his office on May 3, 1905. On October 10, 1905, Mr. Tinius sold his inn, the Richtskretscham in Rohnstock, to Mr. Gustav Abend from Conradswaldau. The royal music director Rudnick from Liegnitz carried out a revision of the new organ in the Protestant church on November 28, 1905. In 1907 another great flood of the angry Neisse flooded Rohnstock. In memory of the Battle of Hohenfriedeberg, a memorial was inaugurated on June 6, 1910 in the middle of the battlefield in the Guhle near Günthersdorf . At a wedding in 1912, a fire broke out in the small tower of the Protestant church, but it was quickly extinguished. In the same year, the branch lines Jauer - Rohnstock and Striegau - Rohnstock - Bolkenhain - Merzdorf were expanded to a full line. Rohnstock became a transfer station and received a new and larger station with 4 tracks and two underpasses. The old railway building was demolished. The line remained single-track, but the area for the second track was bought and prepared.
In the years between 1905 and 1913, the Catholic Church received a new bell with the tone f sharp (674 kg) and the Protestant church a bell c '' (267 kg). During an imperial maneuver in Silesia in 1913, an entire regiment marched towards Hausdorf - Hohenfriedeberg through Rohnstock. The Crown Prince had taken quarters in the palace. During the maneuver, the zeppelin flew over Rohnstock, an experience for everyone. There was an imperial maneuver ball in the halls of the Hildebrandt, Hilbert and Niepold inns. On April 12, 1913, the first test train ran at 80 km / h on the Striegau - Merzdorf route via Rohnstock - Bolkenhain. The new morgue in the Protestant cemetery was used for the first time on October 8, 1913. The district doctor opened the body to determine the cause of death. Main line operations began on June 15, 1914 on the previous branch line Striegau / Jauer - Rohnstock - Merzdorf. Since July 20, 1914, there was electric light in Rohnstock. After the Countess von Hochberg made the castle available to the military authorities as a hospital room, 80 beds were set up on August 10, 1914. The lead physician was Dr. Rosenberger. A medical team was formed and the training was carried out by Cantor Scholz. The column joined the Provincial Association, whose chairman was Goods Director Semmer. On February 18, 1915, the bells of both churches announced the victory news of the German Eastern Army. For the occasion, the place had put on rich flag decorations, and classes were canceled in both schools. On October 1, 1916, the hospital set up in the castle in 1914 was closed after 1,400 members of the army had been cared for there. For the 400th anniversary of the Reformation, a "beautiful and worthy" celebration took place on August 10, 1914 in the Evangelical Church in Rohnstock. They went to church together from Rohnstock Castle, and the trombone players could be heard from the castle tower.
On February 4, 1923, Countess von Hochberg died. Eleonore von Schönaich-Carolath . As a replacement for the bells that were compulsorily given in 1915, a new church bell was carried in a ceremonial procession from the train station to the church on August 25, 1923. The next day a festive service was held in the Protestant church in Rohnstock on the occasion of the consecration of bells. The inauguration of the war memorial on June 1, 1924 was celebrated with a "wonderful" patriotic celebration. Count Bolko von Hochberg spoke. After the consecration, there was a morning pint in Hilbert's garden, and in the afternoon there was a garden concert. In 1926, Countess Gravina, daughter of Cosima Wagner from her first marriage, visited Imperial Count Bolko von Hochberg in Rohnstock. Another major flood occurred on July 3, 1926. At the age of 83, Reichsgraf Bolko von Hochberg, the former general manager of the Kgl, died. Drama on December 1, 1926 in Bad Salzbrunn. At the solemn burial on December 4, 1926, many aristocrats were present, including Prince August von Hohenzollern. The body was buried under torchlight and the participation of the population. On December 9, 1926, the former landowner and member of the state parliament Johann Gottfried Scholz (1837–1926) died in Rohnstock at the age of almost 90 years. He had worked in numerous offices, including a. in the district committee and in the district savings bank, and had donated an altar window in the Protestant church. From 1885 to 1910, Gottfried Scholz was a member of the Prussian House of Representatives for the 6th constituency of the Reg. Bez. Liegnitz. He described himself as a free conservative and belonged to the Conservative Party under the leadership of Mr. von Heydebrandt. From about 1886-1918 he was a board member of the Silesian Chamber of Agriculture and a member of the district committee to Bolkenhain.
In the winter of 1928/1929 it was so cold that the avenue of cherry trees on Striegauer Strasse froze to death, and apple trees were later planted there. The hedges and the star arbor in the castle park also froze to death. On December 24, 1928, there was a terrible hurricane with a snow storm. The Protestant parish celebrated the 50th anniversary of its church "Zum Kripplein Christi" on October 7, 1928; At the same time, the new large bell dedicated to the memory of those who fell in World War I was consecrated. On October 28, 1930, the Angry Neise caused floods after the storms of the past few days. Much of the community was under water. With the demolition of the so-called Haberlandhaus, which belonged to the estate owner Walter, the last thatched building disappeared from the community on October 4, 1930. In 1931 the Hilbert inn was sold to the innkeeper Reichert. On February 1, 1932, the Rohnstock castle gardening company was managed by the previous castle gardener Karl Thamm (lease). The entrance fee to the park was reduced. After the disbandment of the Bolkenhain district and its reunification with the Landeshut district on October 1, 1932, Rohnstock belonged to the Landeshut district. Another reorganization of the districts, which was decided on July 15, 1933 and put into effect on October 1, 1933, assigned Rohnstock to the new district of Jauer. On October 1, 1933, Superintendent Sieber retired. While Pastor Lic. Rohkohl, Bolkenhain, was superintendent, Pastor Hamm, Wederau, took over the pastor's office in Rohnstock.
In 1945 the Catholic Church was destroyed by bombs. The tower remained standing, it was demolished in 1972 because it was in disrepair. On February 13, 1945, the Russians advanced from Häslicht to Bohrauseifersdorf and were thus directly in front of Rohnstock. All Rohnstockers had to leave the place that day. Some of the Rohnstockers came back to the village on May 11, 1945 after they had been overrun by the Russian front in Altreichenau. After Rohnstock was placed under Polish administration in 1945 and renamed Roztoka, some of the residents had to leave the place for good on July 26, 1946. On July 2, 2005, former German and current Polish residents celebrated the 700th anniversary together.
History of a painting in Rohnstock Castle
The oldest painting of Hinterglauchau Castle (dated around 1470) can still be found at Rohnstock Castle.
In the exhibitions of the Saxon Netzschkau Castle (2018) there is a large painting of the Fürstenstein Castle in today's Polish Waldenburg in Silesia . This painting was most likely originally at Rohnstock Castle in Poland, which was owned by the Hochberg-Rohnstock branch line of the Counts of Hochberg and Prince of Pless . On September 14, 1794, Count Heinrich von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (1794-1881) was born as the son of Count Ludwig von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (1762-1842) and Countess Ferdinande Henriette von Hochberg-Rohnstock (1767-1836) at Quolsdorf Castle in Upper Lusatia ) born and baptized with the full name Heinrich Gottlob Otto Ernst. Through this marriage, the painting of Schloss Hinterglauchau apparently ended up in Schloss Rohnstock and the painting of Schloss Fürstenstein probably from Schloss Rohnstock into Schloss Netzschkau, which Heinrich Gottlob Otto Ernst von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau bought together with his wife Marie Clementine in November 1858.
Personalities
- Justina Siegmund ( Justine Siegemundin ), daughter of the evangelical pastor Elias Dittrich from Rohnstock, (born December 26, 1636 in Rohnstock, † November 10, 1705 in Berlin), married to the renth clerk Siegmund. Siegmund autodidactically acquired midwifery skills. She invented the "double handle" with which the birth is made possible when the child is lying sideways. In 1683 she became the “city woe mother” in Liegnitz. After her fame and reputation had risen, she was called to Berlin by the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1620–1688) as “Chur-Brandenburgische Hof-Wehemutter” (midwife) . She was the author of the first textbook for midwives written by a German midwife (1690).
- Hans Heinrich XIV. Bolko Reichsgraf von Hochberg (1843–1926), Baron of Fürstenstein and Rohnstock, owner of Rohnstock Castle from 1858 to 1926.
- Gottfried Scholz (1837–1926), from 1885 to 1910 member of the Prussian House of Representatives for the 6th constituency of the Liegnitz administrative district. He described himself as free-conservative and belonged to the Conservative Party under the leadership of Mr. von Heydebrandt. From about 1886-1918 he was a board member of the Silesian Chamber of Agriculture and a member of the district committee to Bolkenhain.
- Hans Heinrich XVI. von Hochberg (1874–1933), politician and landowner
Web links
- Homepage. Private local research by Wolfgang Pfeiffer.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Publisher: Museum und Kunstsammlung Schloß Hinterglauchau: Series of publications Heft 1, City of Glauchau, 1979, Figure 1, p. 13: Castle Hinterglauchau around 1470 (original oil painting - on leather - in Castle Rohnstock in Silesia).
- ↑ The epitaph of Marie Clementine von Schönburg - an example of neo-Classicist tomb art by Hugo Hagen (epitaph in the castle chapel, Robby Joachim Götze , pp. 30–36). In: Series of publications, issue 11, Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau, 1999, p. 30f.