Sack (unit)

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The sack was an old measure of grain and wool . Goods such as coal were also charged according to sack. In the trade in skins , these were ordered as a piece with a sack . Many bulk goods were traded in sacks with a fixed weight or volume. Example: 1 sack of flour was equal to 159–200 liters, 1 sack of currants was equal to 140 pounds. Sacked coffee ranged from 100 to 160 pounds.

Large regional deviations and different divisions in smaller dimensions make this unit difficult to compare. The sack is one of the larger units of measurement. Many dimensions were compared with the Amsterdam (81 liters) and the Rotterdam sack. In Geneva the sack was also called a coupe. In Dordrecht there was a small bag with 4597 and a large bag with 6130 Paris cubic inches .

Grain measure

In the Netherlands , Sack / Mudde / Zak was in the hectolitre range and with different values

  • 1 ¼ sack = 1 Mudden
  • 1 sack = 3 shepels = 12 Vierdevats = 96 kops = 4087 Parisian cubic inches

In England the sack was 3 bushels . 12 sacks were the chaldron or 36 bushels. The bushel was equivalent to 46.13 liters = 2325.584 Parisian cubic inches. Bushell could be differentiated into deleted and heaped.

Meschok means sack in Russian and was also a Russian measure of volume that was used as a measure of weight. As a grain measure , it was also used for groats and flour . A meschok was estimated at 5 poods , about (1 pud assumed to be 16.38 kg) 82 kg .

Wool measure

In London it was

  • 1 load of wool = 12 sacks
  • 1 Serpler = 2 ¼ sacks

Was in the Netherlands

  • 1 sack = 2 Weys = 13 Tod = 26 Stones = 52 Nails

Piece measure

In the trade in tobacco products , the sack and board were a certain number of skins sewn together. The term “food” can also be used for blackboard. The sack is not the same as the container sack, but always corresponds to the amount of fur that is required for a man's fur ( fur-lined man's coat ). The smaller the animal, the greater the number of pelts required. The board or food is always smaller than the sack.

The name sack comes from the fact that the fur linings that are delivered flat today were previously sewn together on the long sides (so-called rotunda) and sewn up at the bottom, so that the shape of a sack resulted.

Examples:

  • 1 sack of muskrats or polecat tails in Leipzig = 100 pieces
  • 1 sack of Feh or Fehschwänze in Leipzig = 100 pieces
  • 1 sack of sacks = 160 pieces
  • 1 sack of gray work = 100 skins
  • 1 sack of hamsters = 90 skins = 2 bars
  • 1 sack of rabbit skins in France = 104 pieces
  • 1 sack of rabbit sides and belly sides = 48 pieces
  • 1 sack of hare saddle = 24 pieces
  • 1 sack of ermine = 160 pieces
  • 1 sack of wolves = 10 to 12 pieces
  • 1 hamster bar = 30 to 60 pieces
  • 1 plate of Russian moles = 40 to 50 pieces (information for China export)

Further counting measures in the tobacco shop were the room or forty with 40 pieces and the Decher or Zehnling, bush, bundle or bush with 10 pieces. But a bundle also had 20 pieces and bushes were 6 pieces.

Coal measure

The sack as a measure of coal was an important measure in mines and ironworks, with regional variations in size.

  • Styria
    • Frauentaler Messigfabrik 1 sack = 22.5 cubic feet (Wiener = 31,585.111 liters) = about 710.66 liters
  • State of Tyrol
    • all smelting works 1 sack = 5.041 cubic feet (Wiener = 31,585.111 liters) = about 159.22 liters

The measure was also used as a hut sack . In the German dictionary it is given as a measure of charcoal .

  • Styria
    • Copper and sulfur works in Öblarn 1 hut sack = 24.335 cubic feet (Viennese = 31,585.111 liters) = about 768.62 liters
  • Salzburger Land
    • Ironworks in the country 1 hut sack = 25.205 cubic feet (Wiener = 31,585.111 liters) = about 796.10 liters

In Hungary

  • 12 sacks of coal = 1 cart

literature

  • Leopold Carl Bleibtreu : Handbook of coin, measure and weight, and bill of exchange, government paper, banking and shares in European and non-European countries and cities. Published by J. Engelhorn, Stuttgart 1863.
  • Johann Friedrich Krüger : Complete manual of the coins, measures and weights of all countries in the world. Gottfried Basse, Quedlinburg and Leipzig 1830.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johann Gottlieb Georgi: Geographical, physical and natural history description of the Russian Empire. Volume 1, Friedrich Nicolovius, Königsberg 1797, p. 28.
  2. ^ Johann Samuelersch, Johann Gottfried Gruber, Moritz Hermann Eduard Meier, AG Müller, Hermann Brockhaus, Johann Georg Heinrich Hassel, August Leskien: General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts: in alphabetical order. Section 3, part 15, FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1841, p. 333.
  3. ↑ a b Alois Wehrle: Textbook of tasting and metallurgy. Volume 1, Carl Gerold, Vienna 1841, p. 334.
  4. ↑ Joseph Salomon: Attempt at a common comprehension lesson of arithmetic. Verlag Carl Gerold, Vienna 1825, p. 276.