Salt vat

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A salt vat in the coat of arms of Kufstein

The Salzkufe , also known as Salzküfe , was a conical or double-conical wooden barrel with a lid for transporting salt . In some cases the vat was used to produce form salt, which could be transported without vessels.

Surname

The term skid is derived from cupa , the barrel. Cupae salis was therefore the salt vat .

history

The salt vat was necessary as transport packaging to protect the hygroscopic salt. Effective shipping on salt ships in the Salzach , Inn , Danube and Traun area , like land transport, required secure protection for the goods. A contract from the abbot of Lambach Monastery from 1289 already mentions the use of salt to protect the salt from moisture on the waterway.

As early as 1329, King Frederick the Fair and the Dukes Albrecht and Otto of Austria had the small cuppula made with 12 pounds (12 1/2 pounds), about 45 to 50 centimeters high and 35 to 45 centimeters in diameter .

Then at the beginning of the 16th century there was the big skid. It held about a load, or 115 pounds . In trade with Bohemia it was designed for 145 pounds. In the second half of the 16th century, for example, a large buy of imperial salt for export to Bohemia weighed around 140 to 145 Viennese pounds .

The salt sold in these containers was also referred to as kitchen salt .

At the Austrian salt pans, the vats were also used to produce form salt. Table salt was pounded together in the containers and reached such a hardness that the salt cones could be transported without further containers. The runner depicted in the city arms of Hall in Tirol is not a transport vessel, but was used to make cones from salt.

Paver

The salt trade was a privilege of the citizens of places like Hallein , Salzburg , Laufen , Burghausen , Schärding , Passau , Hallstatt , Ischl or Gmunden until the 16th century . The salt traders were called pavers or masters . In their workhouses the powder was crushed and poured into the wooden runners and pots. In addition to filling the skid, it was up to the pavers to dry, transport and market the salt.

Ausfergen

The Ausfergen were a community of shipmen that had already formed in Laufen before 1274, who transported the salt runners on the Salzach on behalf of the pavers. The archbishop's Ausfergen privilege of 1278 stipulated, among other things, the paydays for the Ausfergen, namely the feasts of St. Rupert of Salzburg in spring on March 27, St. James on July 25 and St. Rupert in autumn on September 24 at the same time represented the beginning, the climax and the beginning of the last section of the annual salt shipping. Around 1500, however, the Ausfergen stopped their personal trips with the salt runners and, in cooperation with the archbishopric administration, limited themselves to the organization of the upper salt shipping from Laufen.

reception

Reconstructed salt runners can be viewed in the Gmunden City Museum.

The salt bucket is also the attribute of St. Rupert of Salzburg .

heraldry

As a common figure in heraldry , the container can be found in many coats of arms of places and cities that had achieved great economic importance in the salt mining and salt trade. So is the Salzkufe u. a. to be found in the coat of arms of Hall in Tirol . There are no restrictions in the tinging , especially since a spatial representation predominates in the coat of arms.

See also

literature

  • Friederike Zaisberger : History of Salzburg. Verlag für Geschichte und Politik, Vienna 1998, ISBN 3-7028-0354-8 .
  • Fritz Koller: The Salzach shipping up to the 16th century. In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg. Volume 123, Salzburg 1983, pp. 1–126, PDF on ZOBODAT

Web links

Commons : Salzkufe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Koller 1983, p. 19.
  2. ^ Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld : The German, especially the Bavarian and Austrian salt works; initially in the Middle Ages. Section 2: Notes, documentary registers and explanations about them. Druck und Verlag George Jaquet, Munich 1836, p. 258, line 8, online at reader.digitale-sammlungen.de, accessed on June 20, 2019.
  3. ↑ Christian Neumann: On the technology and environmental history of the Saline Hall in Tirol in the 18th century . In: Wolfgang Ingenhaeff, Johann Bair (Hg): Mining and Environment. Volume II. 15th International Mining and Mining Congress, Sterzing, Hall in Tirol, Schwaz 2016, pages 36f., 50f.
  4. ↑ a b Chapter The pavers in Koller 1983, pp. 65–67.
  5. ↑ a b c Chapter Die Ausfergen in Koller 1983, pp. 71–77.