Samuel Auguste Tissot
Samuel (wrongly also Simon) Auguste André David Tissot (born March 20, 1728 in Grancy , † June 13, 1797 in Lausanne ) was a Swiss doctor who u. a. became known for his writing against masturbation . He also wrote numerous other writings, among which his book on epilepsy in particular was widely used and translated into numerous languages. The most extensive complete edition of his works, which appeared in 1788–1790 while he was still alive, comprises 14 octave volumes. All of his manuscripts (with the exception of his letters) are in the possession of the Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne . There are around 100 volumes, each with 200 to 300 pages, of which around 60 volumes contain the actual medical work and its fair copies.
Tissot, along with his fellow countrymen Haller , Hirzel , Zimmermann and Hotze, was one of the most famous doctors of his time. He worked in Lausanne, a center of early tourism, and treated high-ranking patients from all over Europe. After Emperor Joseph II visited him in 1777 because both of them were in favor of the smallpox vaccination , he took over the management of the University Clinic in Pavia for a short time (1781–1783) .
Since 2007, the Swiss Epilepsy League has usually awarded the Tissot Medal every two years at the joint annual meetings of the German and Austrian Societies for Epileptology and the Swiss Epilepsy League in memory of him as an award for special merits in Swiss epileptology.
Life
At the age of six, his parents placed Tissot in the care of a wealthy uncle, and from 1741 retired to a maternal relative in Geneva to enable him to get a good education (initially at college, then at the academy there). After receiving his master's degree in 1745, he studied medicine in Montpellier a . a. with the then famous doctor and botanist François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix . Then he returned to his parents near Lausanne. In 1751 he was appointed doctor for the poor in Lausanne . He soon made contact with many scholars of his time (including Albrecht von Haller , Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire ) and began extensive journalistic activities. After several offers inside and outside Switzerland (including as personal physician to King Stanislaus of Poland ), he was appointed honorary professor of medicine at the Lausanne Academy in 1766, with considerable political irritation.
Opponent of masturbation and court life
His work L'Onanisme, published in 1760 , in which he claimed that masturbation caused disease, saw numerous editions and translations.
As an example of his seemingly adventurous assertions today, the following quote from this text may stand:
"The semen is prepared from the blood under various circumstances, which always indicate great value, and it is so ole that, as Galenus already remembers, the loss of half an ounce does more harm to one's strength than if one does forty ounces of blood tapped: it therefore goes without saying that the excessive waste of this moisture must lead to many diseases. "
Along the doctrine of the six non-naturals of Hippocrates adverse health lifestyle factors of Tissot explained "distinguished and wealthy people on farms and in cities." Despite the excellent medical care at the farms, one finds the "highest degree of illness". Reasons for this are idleness, luxuries and indulgence, too much meat and sweets, coffee, tea and alcohol. Another weak point at the court is clothing. The various straps of the clothing hindered the free "circulation of the blood". The "constraint of the whalebones " compresses the stomach and the intestines. This and similar was his criticism of the courtly way of life.
Works (selection)
- L'inoculation justifié. Lausanne 1754.
- Instructions for the poor man in the cities and in the country with a view to his health. Attached works:… accompanied by 2 foreign treatises. One: From the imperfection of most German practical manuals and the advantages of the tissue table. The second: From the real means of reaching old age / from Sweden. of Dr. Schulz . Typogr. Ges., Hamburg 1767 ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf ).
- Guidance for the rural people with a view to their health . Zurich 1767 ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf ).
- Increases, additions and improvements to its guidance for the rural people with a view to their health: for the useful use of those whom the Augsburgers, with the most gracious Roman emperors. Freedom own edition published in 1766 . Wolff, Augsburg 1768 ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf ).
- On the health of the scholars. Translated from the French by Joh. Rud. Füeßlin. Zurich, bey Füeßlin und Compagnie, 1768 ( digitized edition ).
- La vie de carpenter. Lausanne 1797.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Samuel A. Tissot: Traité de l'Épilepsie. Faisant le Tome troisième du Traité des Nerfs & de leurs Maladies . A. Chapuis, PF Didot, le Jeune, Lausanne / Paris 1770 (French).
- ↑ Bucher HW .: Tissot and his Traité des Nerfs. A contribution to the medical history of the Swiss Enlightenment . In: Ackerknecht EH (Hrsg.): Zürcher Medizingeschichtliche Abhandlungen . New series I. Jursi-Verlag, Zurich 1958.
- ↑ See Peter Genner: La visite de l'empereur Joseph II chez Samuel-Auguste Tissot. In: Mémoire Vive, pages d'histoire lausannoise, 6/1997, pp. 35-43.
- ↑ Urs Boschung : Tissot, Samuel-Auguste-André-David (Simon-André). In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1399 f., Here: p. 1399.
- ↑ Swiss National Museum : The curse of body fluids - what a Lausanne doctor thought of masturbation In: Watson (news portal) of June 21, 2020
- ↑ Ralf Bröer: Courtly medical structures for medical care in an early modern princely court using the example of the Viennese imperial court (1650–1750). Habilitation thesis, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 2007, pp. 375–379.
Web links
- From the Latin, 1760
-
The masturbation, or treatise on the diseases resulting from self-defilement.
- Facsimile of a translation from French from 1774, first edition 1758 - French edition of L'Onanisme 1905 published by Gallica
- Guy Saudan: Tissot, Auguste. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Literature by and about Samuel Auguste Tissot in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Samuel Auguste Tissot in the German Digital Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Tissot, Samuel Auguste |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Tissot, Simon Auguste André David; Tissot, Samuel Auguste André David |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swiss doctor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 20, 1728 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Grancy |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 13, 1797 |
| Place of death | Lausanne |