Johannes Hotze

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Portrait of Hotze in Johann Kaspar Lavater's Essai sur la physiognomie .

Johannes Hotze, also Hoze or Hozze, originally Hotz (born  June 27, 1734 in Richterswil on Lake Zurich ; †  July 4, 1801 in Frankfurt am Main ), was a Swiss country doctor of international repute.

“(...) in the midst of everything that Switzerland has in the greatest variety, sublime, graceful and riding, lives in the village of Richterswyl, a few hours from Zurich, a great doctor. His soul is sublime and gentle, like the nature that surrounds him. "

Johann Georg Zimmermann , from the quote above, even calls his compatriot and professional colleague “one of the greatest doctors of our time” elsewhere.

Life

Scion of a dynasty of surgeons

Heinrich Brupbacher: Richterswil, 1794.

The Canton of Zurich was before the Helvetic Revolution (1798) from the guilds of the city of Zurich ruled, which belonged to the few thousand city citizens. The 180,000 inhabitants of the countryside, on the other hand, were subjects to whom, in addition to many other professions, that of the academically trained doctor was closed. Their medical care was incumbent on trained clippers or surgeons ( surgeons ).

John Hotze came from a dynasty of such surgeons, the prosperity of the area on the Zurich helped to wealth. His grandfather Hans Jakob (1653–1732) and his father Johannes (1705–1776) acquired part of their knowledge as field shearers in foreign services ( Hessen-Kassel and France ). The grandfather married the daughter of the bailiff of Wädenswil , Anna Esther Escher. Like his siblings Hans Jakob (1708–1775), Anna Barbara (1714–1791) and Susanna (1720–1796), the father came from the grandfather's third marriage to the Wädenswil farmer's daughter Barbara Haab. He married townspeople, first Hotze's mother Judith Gessner (1704–1758), then Anna Maria Bollier. His attempts to acquire city citizenship were unsuccessful. Hans Jakob junior practiced as a surgeon in Wädenswil. Anna Barbara's husband, Hans Heinrich Weber from Hirslanden , was prevented from exercising the commercial profession as a "country worker", which is why the couple emigrated to Leipzig in 1754 . Susanna became the wife of the city of Zurich surgeon Johann Baptist Pestalozzi and the mother of the pedagogue Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827).

While the father determined his younger sons Diethelm (1737–1756) and Johann Konrad (1739–1799) to be a surgeon, Hotze, like Richterswil's Heinrich Landis (1734–1801), was one of the first Zurich subjects to become a doctor of medicine. Initially taught by private tutors, he was able to attend the Collegium Carolinum in Zurich from 1749–1753 thanks to his maternal descent . His father then trained him for a good year. After a botany excursion in the Alps, he studied at the medical faculties of Strasbourg , Tübingen and Leipzig . In 1756 he defended a dissertation on the negative and positive effects of warmth on health in Leipzig, where he lived with his aunt, as an exercise, and after taking the tests in Tübingen in 1758, one on bathing children, including a description of the beetle Buprestis. In Zurich he was not allowed to practice as a subject. So he became his father's assistant and then his successor in the conveniently located Richterswil.

Obstetrics and Psychiatry

Johann Jakob Aschmann: Hot houses on the open village stream.
Johann Jakob Aschmann: Hotte houses from the mountain side, approx. 1787.

In 1760, at her father's request, Hotze married the wealthy farmer's daughter Anna Elisabeth Pfenninger (1742–1804) from Stäfa on the opposite shore of the lake. In 1764 he moved to a new building (Oberes Hotzehaus or Seeblick, Poststrasse 20) next to his parents' house built around 1685 (Unteres Hotzehaus or Diana, Poststr. 16 ). After the death of his father, he moved to the home.

His wife became mentally ill after the birth of two children who died early and the surviving girls Anna Elisabeth (1767-1825) and Regula (1769-1835). Hotze gave her in Seuzach , later in Winterthur , but did not get a divorce. The daughters were brought up by foster parents in Zurich and later in Aubonne ( Vaud ) and henceforth called themselves Louise and Renette.

Was it because of personal experience of infant death and mental illness that Hotze specializes in obstetrics and psychiatry ? The writer Meiners , who visited him in 1782, reports: "He usually has several patients with him, especially melancholy ones, who live in a beautiful, comfortable house that is separate from his own."

The other Richterswil doctor, Dr. Landis specialized in depressives , which he took into his house, which was completed in 1784 (today the parish hall). It seems to him, his father and his son that it was all about making money. As Hotze's patient Hans Konrad Ott (1739–1817) reports in detail, these “executioners” treated the mentally ill entrusted to them with the greatest cruelty. In contrast, Ott praised Hotzes philanthropy and the empathy with which he tried to heal or alleviate the suffering of the soul.

Doctor of the Catholic Central Switzerland

Zimmermann wrote about Hotze's property: “The doctor's two houses are in the middle of this village, surrounded by gardens, as free and peaceful as they are in the open field. Under the chamber of my dear friend, a lovely murmuring brook runs in the garden, and by the brook the country road, on which for centuries a lot of pilgrims have been going to the monastery of Einsiedlen almost every day . "At Hotze there is neither splendor nor wealth, but chairs with straw, Domestic wood tables and plain clay dishes. In contrast, Hans Konrad Ott wrote that “probably no particular , more elegant, more precious, and tastier, lodged and furnished” was than Hotze. In its library, along with the best works of literature, there were illustrated plant books that cost a fortune.

Zimmermann continued: “If the people come to them from the certified cantons of Switzerland, and from the valleys of the Alps, they find no expression for the representation of their need, they trust them to see and know everything, they answer every question simple-minded, loyal, and open, he listens to every word, takes every advice like grains of gold, and then leaves him, yearning, comforted, full of hope, and good decisions, as he did from his confessor in Einsiedlen: oh that's how it is he, a blissful man on the evening of such a day! "

According to the poet Matthisson , Hotze treated poor people free of charge and also provided them with free remedies from his well-stocked pharmacy. The social engagement went to the point of physical exhaustion. In 1781 the doctor complained: "I almost passed out under the spring influx of my alpine farmers." But when celebrities wrestled with death like Mrs. von Hallwil and her son (1779), the abbot of Einsiedeln (1780) or bailiff of Wattenwil in Landshut (1781) , you couldn't deny them a time-consuming home visit.

Apparently Hotze also took in the dying. In any case, the consumptive writer Johann Kaspar Riesbeck (1754–1786) wanted to spend his last days with him, but because of unpaid medical bills he could no longer leave his former home in Aarau .

Between Pestalozzi and Lavater

Lower hot house with modern porches.
Upper Hotzehaus with Belvedere from 1847.

After Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi lost his father at the age of five, he often visited his uncle in Richterswil. Later, his cousin Hotze helped him recruit Anna Schulthess and advised the couple on health and economic issues. But when Hotze sought consolation from the charismatic theologian Johann Kaspar Lavater (1741–1801) after his wife fell ill , contact with Pestalozzi broke off.

While the pedagogue failed with his educational institution for the poor on the Neuhof near Birr , Hotze Lavaters financed “Physiognomische Fragmente” (1775–1778), some of which were created in Richterswil. He also kept the associated picture archive. He was downright a slave to Lavater. In 1780 he wrote to him: "I need me to be your shoe-cleaner, just love me if I'm not worth it now (...)" In return, the internationally known friend recommended him to well-to-do patients and advised him on how to raise his daughters. In 1784 he took a cure from him.

Unlike many enlighteners , Hotze did not become a deist or an atheist . Lavater's colleague Johann Konrad Pfenninger dedicated a pamphlet to him with the words: “Friend! You are not ashamed of the Nazarene , nor of the least one who works for Him. - "

Foreign visitors and patients

Hotze became known beyond the national borders. He even had correspondents at the courts of Vienna , Saint Petersburg and London . Goethe visited him in 1775 and 1779 , the second time as a companion to Karl August von Sachsen-Weimar . In fiction and truth , he called him a "most intelligent, benevolent man". Hotze did not want to become a personal physician to the Duke in Weimar any more than to Margrave Karl Friedrich von Baden in Karlsruhe or Landgrave Friedrich von Hessen in Kassel .

The Hôtel de l'Ange in Richterswil was demolished in 1982 (Zurich Cantonal Monument Preservation Archive)

In 1787, Matthisson saw how during Hotze's morning office hours "not only from all corners of Switzerland, but also from Germany and France, people in need of advice and assistance poured in full, week after week, sometimes in their own, sometimes in foreign affairs". He continued: "Two stately inns, which would distinguish themselves in Hamburg or Amsterdam by their distinguished reputation, are almost always filled with ailing and sick strangers who, under Hoze 's management, in this wonderful area of ​​paradise and in this pure stretch of air, are intent on improving their physical condition through some cure. "

In 1788 Hotze operated in Bad Schinznach, Duke Friedrich Eugen von Württemberg . In gratitude, his daughter, the Grand Duchess and later Empress of Russia Maria Feodorovna , sent him a diamond ring.

Two cousins ​​and the revolution

Heinrich Pfenninger : Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (Zurich Central Library).

1791–1794 Lavater's son Heinrich was Hotze's assistant, whom he also represented at times. Even then, the Helvetic Revolution was heralded on Lake Zurich . In 1792, Dr. Lavater to Johann Konrad Escher : "In Zurich you don't know what I see and hear every day, you don't believe it because the people are still too good-natured to commit an act of violence now."

Like his assistant, Hotze was not a revolutionary either. This is in contrast to Pestalozzi, with whom the distribution of the inheritance of their common aunt Anna Barbara Weber brought him back in contact in 1791. In view of the radicalization of the French Revolution, Hotze summed up his political views in 1793 as saying that his disgust for disorder made him an aristocrat, his disgust for violations of human rights made him a democrat. When the fermentation in the lake area increased, he retired in 1793/94 to his older daughter, who had been married to Jean-Sigismond de Crinsoz de Trévelin (1754-1833) in Aubonne since 1783. While Lavater's son ran the practice, Pestalozzi managed Hotze's property. From Castle Wädenswil of spying, he held the cousin of the developments in the country to date.

On the return journey from Vaud , where the reign of Bern was drawing to a close, Hotze was called by Madame de Genlis to the Adélaïde d'Orléans who was entrusted to her . She and her brother Louis-Philippe Égalité , who later became the citizen king, found refuge in Bremgarten (not only from the reign of terror in France, but also from their compatriots who had emigrated from the aristocratic camp). Afterwards, the “most honest of the people” - according to the writer - helped the ladies with the onward journey.

But even less egalitarian aristocrats, Hotze continued to serve. After the Peace of Basel (1795), Matthisson accompanied Luise von Anhalt-Dessau to Italy. On the way, the princess, who had already spent several months at Hotze's with her family in 1783, discussed with the doctor "a lot and for a long time about regulating her way of life". She even received "a little help book, from hippocratic core aphorisms expressly put together for this trip to the south by him".

After Stäfa trade emigrated

August Bösch : Memorial for the democracy movement of 1794/95, Stäfa.

What Hotze thought about Zurich, which did not want to forego the privileges of its citizens, is shown by a statement by the doctor handed down by Hans Konrad Ott: "The next time I come there, I will set fire to this city." Accordingly, he felt as a subject , although the pastor was the only Richterswiler to grant him the title of lord , to which only townspeople were actually entitled. During the Stäfner trade (1794/95) Hotze tried in vain to mediate between town and country. The complicity of coup plots suspected he was set three days in detention.

When the democracy movement was suppressed with the greatest cruelty, Hotze left Richterswil forever “because he no longer wanted to live under such a despotic government”. At first he considered seeking refuge with the philanthropist Johann Rudolf Meyer in Aarau. Instead, he then moved in with his younger daughter, who married the doctor Matthias Wilhelm de Neufville (1762–1842) in Frankfurt am Main in 1787. He traveled to Leipzig in 1796 and 1799, where he lived with Pestalozzi's sister. The practice in Richterswil was taken over by Hotze's cousin of the same name from Wädenswil (1740–1803), who had trained as a surgeon in Strasbourg .

Hotze did not have to witness how on April 30, 1798, old-minded residents of Glarus and Höfler with newcomers from the distant Sargans fought a hopeless battle against the French and the Zürcher in the battle near Wollerau , which also affected Richterswil. At that time he wrote to Lavater: "I must not think about my peaceful place of birth - and among the people I probably knew many of - and who were now quarreling with each other." As a cattle doctor Heinrich Stäubli from Horgen on March 24, 1804 Triggered the male war by burning down Wädenswil Castle, Hotze had been dead for three years.

Unequal brothers

His brother Johann Konrad had broken off his medical studies in Tübingen and entered the service of third parties under the name Friedrich von Hotze. In Württemberg he had made it to the wing adjutant , in Russia to a major , in Austria to a field marshal lieutenant ( division general ). Although his military genius in the Old Confederation "would hardly have acquired a captain's position among the militia ", he allowed Johannes von Müller to engage in the struggle for the preservation of the Ancien Régime . In 1798 he tried unsuccessfully to save the Old Bern from ruin. In 1799 he replaced Archduke Karl , who wanted to "liberate" the Helvetic Republic . Richterswil was also temporarily occupied by the Austrians. At the side of the Russians Rimski-Korsakow and Suworow, Hotze then defeated the French Masséna in the Second Battle of Zurich and fell near his birthplace near Schänis .

literature

Web links

References and comments

  1. ↑ French edition of Phyiognomischen fragments, Part 3, La Haye in 1786, fig. 34 to S. 294 (part).
  2. ↑ The -e was added to the name in Germany when Hotze and his brother were studying there.
  3. ^ Johann Georg Zimmermann: About loneliness. 4. Theil, Leipzig 1785, p. 81 f.
  4. ^ Johann Georg Zimmermann: About loneliness. 4. Theil, Leipzig 1785, p. 89. In 1777 Zimmermann had sent his mentally ill son to Hotze for treatment. See Albrecht Rengger (ed.): Johann Georg Zimmermann's letters to some of his friends in Switzerland. Aarau 1830, pp. 56, 246, 251–268, 311 f., 319.
  5. ↑ The reasons for this were the invention of manure fertilization and proto-industrialization .
  6. ↑ According to Hans Konrad Ott, quoted in according to Hans Stettbacher: Dr. Johannes Hotze's “Modus vivendi”. In: Zürcher Taschenbuch on the year 1945. p. 125, he is said to have offered 10,000 guilders for citizenship.
  7. ↑ Landis obtained his doctorate in Jena in 1757 after studying in Berlin and Leipzig .
  8. ^ Laudation by Philipp Friedrich Gmelin (1721–1788), Tübingen 1758, copy in (Hans Konrad Ott :) biography of the blessed Doctor Johannes Hozes. From one of his best friends. Central Library Zurich, Mscr. P 6380, unpag .; Transcription of this copy by Beat Christoph Franz Häcki: Ein Modus Vivendi. Zurich 2002, pp. 17–19 (Latin), 56–58 (translation).
  9. ↑ De calore ut causa morbi, et novae valetudinis in rationibus chymicis (lost).
  10. ↑ De balneis infantum dissertatio adnexa Buprestis descriptione ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DYLG_1OCbza0C%26pg%3DPA49%26lpg%3DPA49%26dq%3Dde%2Bbalneis%2Binfantum%2BIohanni%2BHotz%26source%3Dbl%26ots%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DsG3He26%QeFHotz3DsH6He26 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwjFsqLdw5TQAhVMOxoKHf2eAfYQ6AEIHjAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided 3D% 3D% LT% )
  11. ^ Heinrich Zschokke: A self-review. 1. Theil, Aarau 1842, p. 64.
  12. ↑ According to Johann Gottfried Ebel : Instructions for traveling through Switzerland in the most useful and enjoyable way. (...) Part 4, 3rd edition. Zurich 1810, p. 112, ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DSpUaAAAAYAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ) was Richterswil on the trade route to Italy. The goods were loaded from the ship onto wagons and then transported to Brunnen on Lake Lucerne . See Goethe's description of the village ( edited by Eckermann ) in: Reise in die Schweiz 1797, September 28th.
  13. ↑ Christoph Meiners : Letters about Switzerland. 1. Theil, Berlin 1784, p. 71.
  14. ↑ Cf. Beat Christoph Franz Häcki: Ein Modus Vivendi, Zurich 2002, pp. 27–31.
  15. ↑ The Dorfbach, which is now canalised and covered.
  16. ^ Johann Georg Zimmermann: About loneliness. 4. Theil, Leipzig 1785, pp. 85, 87.
  17. ↑ (Hans Konrad Ott :) Biography of the blessed Doctor Johannes Hozes, Zurich Central Library, Mscr. P 6380.
  18. ^ Friedrich von Matthisson: Complete Works, 5th Volume, Vienna 1815, p. 125 f.
  19. ^ Richterswil is on the border of the reformed canton of Zurich. Hotze's patients therefore came to a large extent from the Catholic neighborhood.
  20. ^ Johann Georg Zimmermann: About loneliness. 4. Theil, Leipzig 1785, p. 88 f.
  21. ^ Friedrich von Matthisson: Complete Works, Volume 5, Vienna 1815, p. 124.
  22. ↑ To Lavater, cit. according to Hans Stettbacher: Dr. Johannes Hotze. (...) In: Zürcher Taschenbuch for the year 1943. P. 121.
  23. ^ Author of the letters of a French traveler about Germany (…) 2 volumes, (Zurich) 1783.
  24. ↑ Rebekka Horlacher, Daniel Tröhler (ed.): All letters to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Critical edition. Volume 1, Zurich 2009, p. 34 f.
  25. ↑ Christoph Meiners: Letters on Switzerland, 1st part, Berlin 1784, p. 71; Kurt Wild: Johannes Hotze. Richterswil 2001, pp. 75 f., 79.
  26. ^ Hans Stettbacher: Dr. Johannes Hotze. (…) In: Zürcher Taschenbuch on the year 1943. P. 150. Hotze adopted Lavater's exalted language.
  27. ↑ Sophie von La Roche : Diary of a trip through Switzerland, from the author of Rosalien's letters. Altenburg 1787, p. 95 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D4yoVAAAAQAAJ%26q%3DHotze%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Georg Geßner : Johann Kaspar Lavaters biography of his daughter husband. 2nd volume, Winterthur 1802, pp. 365-368. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DRiRSAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3DGeorg%2BGessner%2BLeben%2BLavaters%26q%3DHotz%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%3D~MDZ% .3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
  28. ^ Johann Konrad Pfenninger: Jewish letters, stories, dialogues (sic) ec. around the time of Jesus of Nazareth. (...) 7th volume, Leipzig 1787. ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DiSQ7AAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse%26DIAZ%3D~f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D ~ 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
  29. ↑ On this occasion, the poet is said to have stayed the first time in an extension of the new house ( Goethe-Stübli ). See Kurt Wild: Johannes Hotze. Richterswil 2001, p. 16 (fig.), 75, 80.
  30. ↑ Poetry and Truth, Part 4, Book 18. On June 4, 1780, Goethe wrote to Karl von Knebel that Hotze was "a very good and loving man"; Opposite Lavater he called him on June 22nd, 1781 an "honest man".
  31. ↑ Albrecht Rengger (Ed.): Johann Georg Zimmermann's letters to some of his friends in Switzerland. Aarau 1830, p. 295; Kurt Wild: Johannes Hotze. Richterswil 2001, pp. 33-35.
  32. ↑ Engel / Hôtel de l'Ange (Poststrasse 2, sacrificed to the new Seestrasse with 22 other buildings in 1982) and Raben (today Hof ). Two ravens were the attributes of Saint Meinrad von Einsiedeln .
  33. ↑ Sophie von La Roche: Diary of a trip through Switzerland, from the author of Rosalien's letters. Altenburg 1787, p. 96 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D4yoVAAAAQAAJ%26q%3DHotze%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ) after a visit to an inn in Richterswil: "You can't be served and eat more cleanly and happily."
  34. ↑ Friedrich von Matthisson: Complete works. Volume 5, Vienna 1815, p. 124.
  35. ^ Hans Stettbacher: Dr. Johannes Hotze's “Modus vivendi”. In: Zürcher Taschenbuch on the year 1945. P. 124 f.
  36. ^ Heinrich Peter: From the local history of Richterswil. Volume 3, Richterswil 1980, p. 12.
  37. ^ Friedrich Leopold Graf zu Stolberg: Travel in Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Sicily. 1. Volume, Königsberg / Leipzig 1794, p. 91. ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DXV9CAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA91%26dq%3DRichtersweil%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwi5lNXQwq3QAh3AhXDQBoKHf9EDrAzon MDZ% ​​3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
  38. ↑ It was triggered by the ideas of the French Revolution and was accompanied by the so-called French invasion. See Holger Böning : The dream of freedom and equality. Helvetic Revolution and Republic (...) Orell Füssli Verlag, Zurich 1998.
  39. ^ Johann Jakob Hottinger: Hans Conrad Escher von der Linth. Zurich 1852, pp. 94–96. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzut%2Fcontent%2Fpageview%2F7715577~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
  40. ↑ Rebekka Horlacher, Daniel Tröhler (ed.): All letters to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Volume 1, Zurich 2009, p. 34 f. Pestalozzi founded the Swiss branch of the radical Enlightenment Order of Illuminati in the 1780s and became an honorary citizen of the French Republic in 1792 .
  41. ↑ To Lavater, cit. according to Hans Stettbacher: Dr. Johannes Hotze. (...) In: Zürcher Taschenbuch on the year 1943. p. 174.
  42. ↑ See Thursday paper approved by the authorities. (Zurich), 3rd Heumonth (July) 1783, p. 220.
  43. ^ Heinrich Peter: From the local history of Richterswil. Volume 3, Richterswil 1980, p. 17.
  44. ↑ Rebekka Horlacher, Daniel Tröhler (ed.): All letters to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Volume 1, Zurich 2009, p. 34 f.
  45. ↑ At the time in question, Louis-Philippe was teaching at the Reichenau Educational Institute ( Graubünden ).
  46. ^ Précis de la conduite de Madame de Genlis depuis la Révolution. (...) Paris (1796), pp. 156, 205–207, 209–211.
  47. ^ Hans Stettbacher: Dr. Johannes Hotze. (…) In: Zürcher Taschenbuch on the year 1943. P. 154 f.
  48. ↑ Friedrich von Matthisson: Complete works. Volume 5, Vienna 1815, p. 207.
  49. ↑ "(...) la premiere fois, que j'irai la-bas, je brulerai cette ville (...)" Quoted from (Hans Konrad Ott :) Biography of the blessed Doctor Johannes Hozes, Zurich Central Library, Mscr. P 6380, unpag.
  50. ↑ The theology course, like the medical course, was reserved for the city of Zurich.
  51. ↑ Otto Hunziker (Ed.): Contemporary depictions of the unrest in the Zurich landscape, 1794–1798. Basel 1897, p. 13 / note. 1. ( digitized on e-Helvetica )
  52. ↑ Markus Lutz: Necrology of memorable Swiss from the eighteenth century (...) Aarau 1812, p. 235 f.
  53. ^ Hans Stettbacher: Dr. Johannes Hotze. (...) In: Zürcher Taschenbuch on 1943. p. 178.
  54. ↑ Cf. (Johann Kaspar Billeter :) History of the political movements in the canton of Zurich, from the year 1795. 2nd edition. Stäfa 1798. ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DGhBaAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DGeschichte%2Bvon%2Bden%2Bpolitischen%2BBewegungen%2Bim%2BKanton%2BZ%C3%BCrichX26hl%3Dde%3Dde 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiqn4_7qP7QAhWnBsAKHYfBDWMQ6AEIIDAB% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
  55. ^ Bernhard Friedrich Kuhn before the Great Council of the Helvetic Republic, March 10, 1799, cited above. after Johann Konrad Escher , Paul Usteri  (Ed.): The Swiss Republican. Volume 3, Lucerne, August 9, 1799, p. 152. ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3Dqc9YAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3Dschweizerische%2Brepublikaner%2B1799%26q%3DHotze%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
  56. ↑ Kurt Wild: Johannes Hotze. Richterswil 2001, p. 74. In 1793, Hotze had Meyer's 45-year-old wife Marianne b. Renner had her first and only child.
  57. ↑ Cf. New Nekrolog der Deutschen. 20/1842, 1st part, Weimar 1844, p. 558 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DM_MSAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA558%26lpg%3DPA558%26dq%3Dmatthias%2Bwilhelm%2Bde%2Bneufville%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3Du1Mctu6BXy3Lots%3Du1Mctu6BXyno%3Du1Mctu1BXy3LF26%3Du1Mctu6BXyNo 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiD1Y6myqzQAhUHWxoKHWzVB60Q6AEIRjAN% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
  58. ↑ She was married to a former employee of his uncle Weber-Hotz.
  59. ↑ See Kurt Wild: Johannes Hotze. Richterswil 2001, p. 16. According to Sebastian Brändli: “The Savior of Suffering Humanity” (…), Zurich 1990, pp. 292 f., 413 and 418, this hotze was around 1800 the richest representative of his profession in the canton of Zurich.
  60. ↑ Quoted from Hans Stettbacher: Dr. Johannes Hotze. (...) In: Zürcher Taschenbuch for the year 1943. P. 182.
  61. ↑ Johann Jacob Leuthy: Complete history of the buck war in 1804. (…) Zurich 1838, p. 47 f., 195. ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DqB5CAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DLeuthy%2BBBockenkrieg%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwi45ZT0ndjQ6AhXIAs26%%3D0ahUKEwi45ZT0ndjQ6AhXIAh 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
  62. ^ Heinrich Zschokke: A self-review. 1. Theil, Aarau 1842, p. 64.
  63. ↑ The Schaffhausen historian was in the service of the k. k. State Chancellery.
  64. ↑ Friedrich Vogel: The old chronicles and memorabilia of the city and landscape of Zurich (…) Zurich 1845, p. 677. ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DHSgVAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3DMemorabilia%2BTigurina%26q%3DHotze%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%3D~MDZ~%3D%0A~ .SZ%3DZ~%3D%0A~ .SZ%3DZ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D)
  65. ↑ Burde was in Switzerland in 1779.
  66. ↑ In the secondary literature and in the edition by Häcki cited or transcribed imprecisely .
  67. ↑ Hans Konrad Ott.
  68. ↑ By Hans Konrad Ott.
personal data
SURNAME Hotze, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hoze, Johannes; Hozze, Johannes; Hotz, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss country doctor
DATE OF BIRTH June 27, 1734
PLACE OF BIRTH Richterswil
DATE OF DEATH July 4, 1801
Place of death Frankfurt am Main