Santa Croce in Gerusalemme (Rome)
| Santa Croce in Gerusalemme | |
|---|---|
 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme |
|
| location |
 Italy Rome |
| Lies in the diocese | Rome |
| Coordinates: | 41 ° 53 '18.1 " N , 12 ° 30' 55.7" E |
| Cistercian since | 1561 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
2011 |
| Congregation | San Bernardo d′Italia |
|
Daughter monasteries |
Santa Cruz in Mexico (2006-2009) |
The Basilica Santa Croce in Gerusalemme ( Latin: Basilica Sanctae Crucis in Hierusalem , Basilica of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem ) is one of the seven pilgrimage churches . It is particularly important because of the various cross relics kept here , from which the church's patronage is derived. A cardinal priest is assigned to her as the titular church . Since 2017 this has been Juan José Cardinal Omella Omella .
history
From the beginning of the 12th century to the 16th century , a Carthusian monastery was attached to the church . Since 1561 Cistercians lived here to look after the parish , most recently the Congregation of San Bernardo d'Italia . Among the last abbots are known: Famiano Bianchi (* October 17, 1919; † August 3, 2012), abbot from 1966, and Simone Fioraso, abbot from 2005 to 2009.
After an apostolic visitation , the abbey was abolished in March 2011 by decree of the religious congregation . The house and basilica were given to the Vicariate of Rome.
Building history
The church is located less than 1 km east of the Lateran on the Aurelian Wall . It emerged from the Sessorium palace built in the 3rd century . A 36.5 m long and 21.8 m wide hall of this palace was then converted into a church around 330 . According to the Liber Pontificalis , the palace was owned by the Empress Helena . Three inscriptions discovered near the Basilica of St. Croce indicate that she inhabited it. For example, one of the inscriptions commemorates the reconstruction of the public baths near the palace, which were destroyed by fire and were called Thermae Helenae even before the year 325 .
Under the cardinal priest Gerardus, who later became Pope Lucius II , the church was rebuilt in the 12th century and, among other things, a tower was added to demonstrate power . He is one half of the cross title (INRI) have discovered he then einmauerte in a lead box with his seal in a niche above the triumphal arch of Helena chapel - including an ancient brick with the inscription Titulus Crucis (The Cross-inscription). During renovation work on the church, this brick was discovered on February 1, 1492, hidden under the plaster. During the Renaissance and Baroque ( 15th - 18th centuries ) further alterations were made, which almost completely destroyed the original appearance of the church. However, the frescoes from the old church are now exhibited in a museum .
The interplay of concave and convex lines is striking on the facade of the church, which was built in the 18th century . The architects, inspired by Borromini but already influenced by the Rococo , were Domenico Gregorini and Pietro Passalacqua . On the roof are statues of Empress Helena with the cross (far left) and her son Constantine (far right). Of the ancient granite columns inside the church, only eight are visible; the others were covered with baroque pillars. The Kosmaten floor from the 12th century and the 1490 fresco in the apse , which is attributed to Antoniazzo Romano , have been preserved; it represents the finding of the Holy Cross and above it the blessing Christ.
Nave and apse
Main altar
Pietà above the altar
Apse with fresco
Cosmatic mosaic
_-_interior.jpg)
Works of art and relics
The palace hall was converted into a church to accommodate a number of Christian relics related to the crucifixion of Jesus . Among the relics there are objects that are attributed to the following origins: smallest parts of the cross of Christ itself (the large piece of wood of the Holy Cross in the Vatican was brought from Santa Croce in Gerusalemme to St. Peter's Basilica in 1629), a crossbar of one of the thief crosses , two Thorns of the crown of thorns , a holy nail from the cross of Christ and half of the cross estitulus , which was originally hidden in a wall arch of the Helena chapel and marked with a stone with the inscription Titulus Crucis . According to legend, these relics were brought from the Holy Land by Empress Helena .
Another great relic is the mosaic icon from the 14th century , which is now hidden in the museum of the church , which Pope Gregory the Great supposedly had made after an apparition of Christ. It is tied into a wooden frame with countless small compartments for relics. The icon is often associated with the late medieval image type of St. Gregory's mass .
The remains of the six-year-old girl Antonietta Meo , called Nennolina, were transferred to the church in 1999 and a memorial room was set up for her.
Surname
Inside the church is the so-called Helenakapelle , the floor of which is said to have been covered with earth from the Holy Land. Therefore, this area was rewritten to the Holy Land, which gave the church its strange name In Gerusalemme . The inscription in the Helena chapel reads: HIC TELLUS SANCTA CALVA, RIE SOLIME AB BEATA HELENA, IN INFERIOREM FORNICEM, DEMISSA SERVATA EST ARQUE, INDE NOMEN HIERUSALEM, CAPELLE INDITUM (“Here the holy earth is from the Calvary of Jerusalem, from the blessed Helena im The book of the popes , the Liber Pontificalis , writes in the chronicle of Pope Silvester I : “Emperor Constantine built a basilica in the Sessorian palace in which He kept parts of the holy cross of our Lord Jesus Christ in a gold shrine decorated with precious stones, where he also consecrated the name of the church, which is known to this day as Jerusalem . "
This chapel was considered so sacred by late medieval pilgrims that women were not allowed to enter it, which was also the case for the Lateran palace chapel Sancta Sanctorum .
Gardens
The circular wall of an old amphitheater encompasses the property in which the Cistercians created the magnificent botanical garden with vegetable garden.
See also
literature
- Mario Armellini: Le chiese di Roma dalle loro origine sino al secolo XVI. Tipografia editrice romana, Rome 1887, pp. 203-207.
- Raimondo Besozzi: La Storia Della Basilica Di Santa Croce In Gerusalemme dedicata alla Santità di nostro Signore Papa Benedetto Decimoquarto. Salomoni, Rome 1750, online .
- Heinz-Joachim Fischer : Rome. Two and a half millennia of history, art and culture of the Eternal City. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-7701-5607-2 , p. 302.
- Anton Henze: Art Guide Rome. 5th revised edition. Philipp Reclam GmbH, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-15-010402-5 , pp. 168-169.
- Michael Hesemann : The Jesus panel. The discovery of the cross inscription. Herder, Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 1999, ISBN 3-451-27092-7 , pp. 241-274.
- Sergio Ortolani: S. Croce in Gerusalemme. 2a edizione. Marietti, Rome 1969 ( Le Chiese di Roma illustrate 106, ZDB -ID 196104-4 ).
- Carsten Peter Thiede , Matthew D'Ancona: The Jesus fragment. What really stood over the cross of Jesus. The adventure of an archaeological discovery. Brunnen, Basel et al. 2004, ISBN 3-7655-3796-9 .
Web links
- Official website of the Basilica of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
- Santa Croce in Gerusalemme in Google Earth
Individual evidence
- ↑ kath.net: Rome: Abbey of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme is dissolved by the Vatican , article from May 24, 2011 (accessed on May 25, 2011)
- ↑ http://www.orden-online.de/news/2011/05/25/vatikan-loest-roemische-zisterzienserabtei-santa-croce-auf/