Santi Andrea e Gregorio al Monte Celio
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The Basilica of San Gregorio Magno al Celio ( latin : Sanctorum Andreae et Gregorii ad Clivum Scauri ), more commonly San Gregorio Magno , is the Apostle Andrew ordained Church in Rome . It is also the title church of the Roman Catholic Church , the Camaldolese monastery church and of great importance in terms of ecclesiastical history. In 1130 the election of Innocent II took place in the church .
location
The church is located on the Piazza San Gregorio Magno named after her in the XIX century. Roman Rione Celio , about 200 meters northeast of the southern end of the Circus Maximus . It is located on the ancient Clivus Scauri on the western slope of the Caelius to the Roman city center, the facade is accordingly oriented northwest.
Building history
Around 580 after the death of his father, St. Gregory the Great had a Benedictine monastery built in his family's house here, which was consecrated to St. Andrew . He himself entered the monastery, which quickly became known for the preservation of culture and religiosity. St. Augustine of Canterbury began his missionary journey to England from this monastery in the spring of 596 . A first church was built around 1000, it was possibly not consecrated until 1106. This church was named after the founder of the monastery, who has now been canonized, from which the composition of the two names results in the current name of the church. After the Camaldolese took over the monastery in 1573 and the first structural changes were made in the 16th century, the building was completely redesigned from 1633 by Giovanni Battista Soria on behalf of Cardinal Scipione Borghese ; the client did not live to see the completion. The church received its present internal form in the 18th century through the remodeling of Francesco Ferrari from 1725 to 1734.
Facade and atrium
The magnificent facade of the church is considered to be Soria's main work. The template could have been Michelangelo's colossal order for the new building of the Conservator 's Palace. The facade above a monumental staircase is two-story and three-axis, with the middle segment protruding like a risalit . Soria designed the lower storey as a three-sided portico facade, the main portal is flanked by non-fluted double pilasters with capitals of Ionic order, which in turn are placed on the outer edges of the side portals. The outer portals follow the pattern with simple pilasters on the outside. The strong architrave with the inscription to the client rises above the basement , the upper floor takes up the structure of the lower one. The arches are replaced by three aedicule windows , the outer ones of which are vaulted by triangular gables, the middle one is covered by a segmental arch. The order of the pilasters follows that of the basement, only the capitals are designed in a form of composite order . The triangular gable vertically closing the construction contains the coat of arms of the client's family, the Borghese . The dragons installed in the basement above the arches and the eagle above the central portal are heraldic animals of this family. Grundmann remarks about the facade: The austere, angular pilaster architecture is designed to bring the hardness and force of the travertine stone to bear.
Nevertheless, the arches of the facade do not lead into the interior of the church itself, but into the atrium . Soria designed it as a two-story courtyard, with arcades in front of the building walls on three sides of the courtyard . Only on the side leading to the actual church facade form the front in pairs of columns. Like the pilasters in front of the pillars of the arcade arches, they are designed according to the Ionic order. This is the only known example in Rome where an atrium from late antiquity was taken over and decorated in the baroque era . The actual facade of the church is still the one from the Romanesque period.
Interior
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After the redesign in the 18th century, the interior of the church is presented as a three-aisled basilica. Ferrari followed the example of Sant'Ignazio di Loyola in Campo Marzio , but reduced it to the existing structures. The columns from Roman antiquity are placed next to the pillars. The church interior in its bright design can certainly be regarded as a forerunner of classicist design. The design of the choir is still baroque; it serves to extend the space in perspective through the arching on the pillars.
Furnishing
The church contains some chapels and is known for its three oratorios . To the left of the apse is the Capella Salviati . It was built around 1600 by Daniele da Volterra and Carlo Maderno ; the left marble altar in this chapel was made by Andrea Bregno in 1469. To the right of the apse is the Cella di San Gregorio . The marble throne located there may have been the saint's episcopal see.
Of the three oratorios belonging to the church, two - the Oratorio di Sant'Andrea and the Oratorio di Santa Barbara - date from the time of Gregory. The third Oratorio di Santa Silvia was added around 1600.
The Oratorio di Sant'Andrea was possibly the actual oratory of St. Gregory. The fresco in it The Apostle Andrew is led to the place of his execution comes from Guido Reni with the help of Giovanni Lanfranco from the year 1608 or 1609. It is his first work in Rome, also commissioned by Cardinal Caffarelli-Borghese. On the opposite side, Domenichino created the fresco The Flagellation of St. Andrew at the same time in 1609 . Because of the completely different styles of the frescoes, afterwards there were heated debates between Roman artists as to which fresco should be given preference, in which Annibale Carracci, for example, sided with Domenichino with the so-called Vecchiarelli anecdote .
In the Oratorio di Santa Barbara there is a table made from an antique spoiler . According to legend, the saint dined here daily with twelve needy people, and once a thirteenth guest, an angel , is said to have come. This seat is marked. In this oratory, the frescoes by Antonio Viviani were created in 1602, they show scenes from the life of St. Gregory .
organ
The organ was built in 1939 by the organ builders Balbiani, Vegezzi and Bossi. The slider chests -instrument has nine register on two manuals and pedal . The actions are electro-pneumatic.
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opening hours
The church is open from 9:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and from 4:30 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. in the afternoon. Should it still be locked, an interested visitor can ask at the gate of the convent. The oratorios are only open on Sundays from 9:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and Thursdays from 3:30 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.
See also
List of cardinal priests from Santi Andrea e Gregorio al Monte Celio
literature
- P. Abbate Alberto Gibelli: Memorie Storiche Ed Artistiche Dell'Antichissima Chiesa Abaziale Dei Santi Andrea E Gregorio. Siena 1888
- Marco Bussagli (Ed.): Rome - Art & Architecture . Könemann, Cologne 1999, ISBN 3-8290-2258-1 .
- Stefan Grundmann (Ed.): Architectural Guide Rome. An architectural history in 400 individual representations. Menges, Stuttgart et al. 1997, ISBN 3-930698-59-5 .
- Henry V. Morton: Wanderings in Rome. 2nd Edition. Scheffler, Frankfurt am Main 1960.
- Herbert Rosendorfer: Church leader Rome . 3rd edition. Edition Leipzig, Leipzig 2005. ISBN 3-361-00485-3 .
- Rolf Tomann (Red.): The art of the baroque. Architecture, sculpture, painting . Könemann, Cologne 1997, ISBN 3-89508-991-5 .
- Anton Henze : Rome and Latium. Art monuments and museums (= Reclams Art Guide Italy. Vol. 5 = Reclams Universal Library . 8678). 4th, revised edition. Reclam, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-15-008679-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Wundram (Ed.): Reclams Art Guide, Italy. Volume V. Rome and Latium , p. 192.
- ↑ Morton: Wanderings in Rome , p. 241
- ↑ a b Rosendorfer: Kirchenführer Rom , p. 27.
- ↑ a b c Grundmann (Ed.): Architekturführer Rom , p. 205.
- ↑ a b c Grundmann (Ed.): Architekturführer Rom , p. 206.
- ↑ a b c Wundram (Ed.): Reclams Art Guide, Italy. Volume V. Rome and Latium , p. 193.
- ↑ Bussagli (Ed.): Rom - Art & Architecture , p. 553.
- ↑ Bussagli (Ed.): Rom - Art & Architecture , p. 556.
- ↑ Tomann (Red.): The art of the baroque. Architecture, sculpture, painting , p. 379
- ↑ In detail: Tomann (Red.): Die Kunst des Barock. Architecture, sculpture, painting , p. 379f.
- ^ Rosendorfer: Kirchenführer Rom , p. 29.
Coordinates: 41 ° 53 ′ 7.7 ″ N , 12 ° 29 ′ 26.3 ″ E