Summer savory

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Summer savory
Satureja hortensis.jpg

Summer savory ( Satureja hortensis )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Nepetoideae
Genre : Savory herbs ( Satureja )
Type : Summer savory
Scientific name
Satureja hortensis
L.

The summer savory ( Satureja hortensis ), also Savory or Genuine savory called, is a species of the genus savory ( Satureja ) within the family of the lip bloom plants (Lamiaceae). It is used as a medicinal and aromatic plant.

description

Summer savory is an often highly branched, annual , herbaceous plant with a strong main root . The four-edged stems , which are woody in the lower parts, reach lengths of up to 25 centimeters, in some varieties up to 60 centimeters. The leaves are sessile, linear to lanceolate, tapering to a point, with entire margins and dark green, occasionally tinged with purple and slightly hairy, they have oil glands.

Summer savory ( Satureja hortensis ), blooming

The flowering period extends from July to October. The inflorescences are one-sided false spikes or false whorls usually made up of five flowers. The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are five-fold. The calyx is evenly five-toothed. The five white, pale pink or purple petals are fused into a crown with a red dotted throat. The crown consists of a simple and almost flat upper lip and a three-lobed lower lip with an enlarged middle lobe. The four stamens are enclosed in the crown, the two upper ones are shorter than the lateral ones.

The seeds are dark brown, round to ovate and reach a length of 1 to 1.5 millimeters, the thousand grain weight is 0.5 to 0.8 grams.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 45 or 48.

ecology

The summer savory is gyno, i. H. there are female plants and those with hermaphrodite flowers. There is ants spread .

Occurrence

Summer savory is native to the eastern Mediterranean and the countries bordering the Black Sea . Its original distribution area extends from south-east Europe to south-west Siberia. Summer savory is a popular herb and medicinal plant in gardens because of its essential oils. In climatically favorable areas of Central Europe, for example, it occasionally grows wild near the gardens, but it usually remains unstable.

Summer savory thrives best on not too dry, nitrogen-rich , loose and often stony soils in warm locations .

ingredients

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Summer savory contains 0.3 to 1.7% essential oil , with special cultivars 4 to 5% (in each case in the drug ). This oil consists of 40% carvacrol , 20% p-cymene and also thymol , phenols and dipentene . In addition to the essential oil, there are also 4 to 8% tannins , mucus , bitter substances , β-sitosterol and ursolic acid .

Dried leaves

use

history

Savory (which kind of the genus it is about is not explained here) has been documented in Central Europe since Roman times . Charred seeds were found, for example, in the Valkenburg fort . It was also grown in Central Europe in the Middle Ages.

Use in the kitchen

It is mainly used for seasoning bean dishes, it can be used both fresh and dried. In the Bulgarian region it is part of the seasonings known as Scharena Sol (colored salt; cf. Tschubritza ).

Use in herbal medicine

Summer savory is used as a medicinal herb. As a tea it is used to promote digestion, as an appetite stimulator and against flatulence, but also against coughs and bronchial diseases. According to Pahlow, diarrhea that is accompanied by fermentation symptoms should improve very quickly. M. Wood considers summer savory to be a nourishing and stimulating plant that can be used when the endocrine and sympathetic nervous system is weak .

Cultivation

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

In 1995, 81 hectares of summer savory were grown in Germany . Other important producing countries in 2001 were Russia, Turkey, Afghanistan, India, Sri Lanka and South Africa. Summer savory is relatively undemanding in its location, but appreciates warm and loose, nutrient-rich soils and is sensitive to frost. The formation of leaves can be promoted by cutting back to about 10 cm before flowering.

In 1999 there were six varieties on the market. The aim of breeding is to achieve the highest possible herb yields (leaf content> 35%) and high proportions of essential oil.

Multiplication

The plant is multiplied by seeds, which grow in April to mid-June, max. 0.5 cm covered with soil, sown. According to, the savory germinates light and does not have to be covered with soil in order to germinate, the germination period is 2 to 3 weeks. The seedlings are separated at a distance of at least 15 cm, because if the plants are too close, many woody stems and few leaves are formed. The savory prefers a sunny and sheltered location for propagation and cultivation.

harvest

The best time to harvest is just before and during the flowering period. The collected herbs are dried and, after drying, the leaves are stripped off, if professionally made with a grinder .

See also

swell

  • KU Heyland, H. Hanus, ER Keller: Oil fruits, fiber plants, medicinal plants and special crops . In: Handbuch des Pflanzenbaues , Volume 4, 2006, pp. 355–359.
  • Erich Götz: Identify plants with the computer. 2001, ISBN 3-8252-8168-X .
  • M. Wood: Earthwise Herbal , 2008, ISBN 978-1-55643-692-5 .
  • M. Pahlow: The big book of medicinal plants . ISBN 3-8289-1839-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Real savory. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 811 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  5. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Satureja hortensis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  6. ↑ JP PALS, V. BEEMSTER, A. NOORDAM, 1989: Plant remains from the Roman castellum Praetorium Agrippinae near Valkenburg (prov. Of Zuid-Holland). In: U. Körber-Grohne and H. Küster (eds.): Archäobotanik. in: Dissertationes Botanicae 133, 117-133
  7. ↑ [1]
  8. ↑ http://www.gartendialog.de/gartengestaltung/kraeutergarten/bohnenkraut-pflege.html

Web links

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