Scheschonq III.

This article describes the seventh pharaoh of the 22nd dynasty, for other people of the same name see Scheschonq .

Scheschonq III.
Horus name	Ka-nechet-meri-Maat K3-nḫt-mrj-M3ˁt Strong bull, loved by Maat
Throne name	User-maat-Re-setep-en-Re Wsr-m3ˁt-Rˁ-stp.n-Rˁ Rich in Maat, a Re , chosen by the Re
Proper name	Scheschonqmeriamun (Scheschonq meri Amun) Ššnq mr.j Jmn Scheschonq, loved by Amun ( son of Bastet , god, ruler of Heliopolis )

Scheschonq III. Sibaste is usually counted as the 7th ancient Egyptian pharaoh (king) of the 22nd dynasty ( third intermediate period ). As the son of Takelot II (?) He ruled from around 841/838 to 789/786 BC. His 8th year of reign corresponds to the first year of the reign of Petubastis I and his 33rd year of reign to the first year of Scheschonq IV.

Other names

• Horus name : Strong Taurus, loved by Re , or Strong Taurus, descendant of Re
• Throne name : Rich in Maat, a Re, chosen by Amun

family

• Wives: Tentamenipet, Djedbastetiuesanch and Tadibastet.
• Sons: Bakennefi II ( prince of Athribis and Heliopolis), Paschedbastet (general in Upper Egypt, built vestibule door to the 10th pylon of Karnak ), a Pami (perhaps identical to the later king of the same name) , Takelot I (perhaps prince of Busiris ) and Padebehenbastet ( high priest of Amun in Tanis )
• Daughter: Anchesenscheschonq.

Domination

Apparently he is initially recognized as king in Thebes (Scheschonq III. And Harsiese II. On statue of the vizier Nespaqaschuti or Nilstand note from the 6th year; various appointments to priests), where after being deposed by Harsiese the high priest and crown prince once again assume the high priesthood before it is taken over by Takelot. Perhaps the decree that guarantees the previously tampered rights of the Wab priests comes from this term of office .

Petubastis I is traditionally considered to be the founder of the 23rd dynasty . If you place Takelot II in the 23rd dynasty, he is the 1st pharaoh of this dynasty . He made Tell Moqdam / Leontopolis his residence and in the 15th year installed Auput I as co-regent.

Dating of the Amun festival

In the 39th year of the reign of Scheschonq III. Ceremonies regarding the appointment of a vizier as part of the Amun Re festival for the 26th Schemu I in Thebes are documented:

“Year 39 Scheschonq III., Day 26 in the 1st month of the season Schemu: Now the high priest of Amun was ... in Thebes at the celebration of the feast of Amun . On this day the introduction of the vizier took place. "

- inscription

Due to the Amun Re festival, which basically began on the new moon day and lasted five days, there are several possibilities for dating, since the inscription does not indicate on which day of the Amun Re festival Scheschonq III. made the appointment of a vizier. The only thing that is certain is that the high priest of Amun was already celebrating the Amun Re festival during the appointment of the vizier. From sources from other years it is known that appointments to priests and viziers were also made on the third or fourth day of the Amun Re festival.

As a chronological approach, all Amun Re feasts that include the 26th Schemu as a feast day come into question. The 26th Schemu also represents the latest possible first holiday of the Amun-Re festival. In addition, the evening before the Amun-Re festival can also be considered as a possibility for a vizier appointment, since the new moon and thus the first lunar day during the night as The start of the Amun Re festival was solemnly welcomed. In this respect, the official start of the festival fell on the twelfth hour of the night of the 25th Schemu, which ushered in the beginning of the Amun Re festival in the first hour of the day of the 26th Schemu.

Due to his assumption that the 26th Schemu I was the first day of the Amun Re festival, Rolf Krauss could not make a reliable assignment because there was no Amun Re festival on for the period in question by Rolf Krauss 26. Schemu I. began. The beginning of the reign of Scheschonq III determined by Rolf Krauss from the lunar data of other sources. in the year 831 BC He describes it as unsafe. The suggestions by Aidan Dodson and Jürgen von Beckerath, on the other hand, contain the variant that the 26th Schemu does not represent the first day of the Amun Re festival. In principle, however, those suggestions can be excluded that do not take into account the Amun Re festival and the possible years associated with it.

Possible years for the 26th Schemu I as the day of the Amun Re festival
year	Holidays	Dating ( J )	Dating ( G )	1st year of government
825 BC Chr.	23rd to 27th Schemu I	December 4th to 8th	November 26th to 30th	863 BC Chr.
814 BC Chr.	24th to 28th Schemu I	December 3rd to 7th	November 25-29	852 BC Chr.
811 BC Chr.	23rd to 27th Schemu I	December 1st to 5th	November 23-27	849 BC Chr.
803 BC Chr.	26th to 30th Schemu I	December 2nd to 6th	November 24th to 28th	841 BC Chr.
800 BC Chr.	24th to 28th Schemu I	November 29th to December 3rd	November 22nd to 26th	838/837 BC Chr.
789 BC Chr.	24th to 28th Schemu I	November 26th to 30th	November 19-23	827 BC Chr.

His grave

In Memphis , in the 28th year of Sheschonq III. the Apis bull is buried. The grave of Scheschonq III. in Tanis (no. 5) contained in the discovery of 1939, a sarcophagus and canopic jars that were previously I. Sheshonq , and z. T. Scheschonq IV. Were attributed.

literature

• Karl Jansen-Winkeln : The Chronology of the Third Intermediate Period: Dyns 22-24. In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 234-264 ( online ).
• Rolf Krauss : Sothis and moon dates: studies on the astronomical and technical chronology of ancient Egypt . Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1985, ISBN 3-8067-8086-X .
• Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , p. 251.

Web links

Commons : Scheschonq III.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Dating approaches Scheschonq III.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ largely hieroglyphs and inscriptions according to von Beckerath: Handbuch der Ägyptischen Könignames. P. 189.
2. ^ Rolf Krauss: Sothis and moon dates . P. 167.
3. ↑ Rita Gautschy: Moon data Ancient Egypt ( Memento from November 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 744 kB)
4. ^ Aidan Dodson's dating approach.
5. ↑ Dating approach Aidan Dodson and Jürgen von Beckerath (before 2003).

predecessor	Office	successor
Osorkon II.	Pharaoh of Egypt 22nd Dynasty	Pami