Education system in Liechtenstein

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The education system in Liechtenstein is structured in a similar way to the Swiss education system , so that descriptions there are also largely valid in Liechtenstein .

history

The reading book “Name booklet for the schools of the sovereign Principality of Liechtenstein” was published in 1834 as the first school book specially printed for Liechtenstein.
School class at the primary school in Vaduz around 1925. The teacher at the back is a Zammer nun.

The first reference to the school system can be found in an land register from the years 1617 to 1619, in which reference is made to a school building in Vaduz. On September 18, 1805, the princely court chancellery in Vienna introduced compulsory schooling for 7 to 13 year old children. The communities had to build a school house and set up a school fund to pay the teacher. Nevertheless, primary education remained at a low level. In 1859 a new school law extended compulsory education to eight years and improved the school system. The admissible number of pupils remained very high with 100 children per teacher and the religious instruction given by the village pastors and the Christian doctrine retained their important position. In 1869 a state school board was created as the highest school authority. He was not subordinate to the government, but ancillary to the government and issued bills and ordinances, employed the teachers and was appeals and supervisory authority. The school inspector was the executive body of the state school board. The employment of nuns as kindergarten teachers to bridge the chronic teacher shortage was formative for the Liechtenstein school system . The Sisters of Mercy in Zams were of particular importance .

The state secondary school Vaduz, opened in 1858 as the first higher education institution, and the secondary school Eschen, which was established in 1906 with similar teaching objectives, were run under the name Realschule from 1951 . The educational history of the Gutenberg family in Balzers began in 1873 with the opening of a private subsidiary . The private schools run by Catholic orders gave a significant impetus to the Liechtenstein school system. The Matura school , which was originally founded as a private Collegium Marianum and renamed the Liechtensteinisches Gymnasium in 1967, became particularly important.

The development of the Liechtenstein school system was slow compared to the neighboring countries. With the School Act of 1971, the elementary school became the five-year primary school and the subsequent four-year secondary level I consisting of high school and junior high school . The strong ecclesiastical character of the Liechtenstein school system was eliminated. The clergy lost their right to the position of school inspector and school inspector . The state school board was abolished and the school system was directly subordinated to the government, which was based on the school office created in 1972.

Public school

Schellenberg Community School
The school center Mühleholz II houses the secondary and high school Vaduz
Secondary level I apprentices in Liechtenstein
School year 2017/18
For comparison: Secondary level I learners in the
neighboring St. Gallen constituency of Werdenberg
School year 2017/18

Most Liechtenstein children go to kindergarten for two years when they have reached the age of four . The visit is free of charge and voluntary for children who speak German as their mother tongue. The second year is compulsory for foreign language children.

The children then attend compulsory primary school . In contrast to German- and French-speaking Switzerland, it only lasts five instead of six years and, like the kindergarten, is run by the community , which elects a community school board with several members. Since 1999, primary school pupils have been assessed holistically instead of with numerical grades. Children with learning difficulties are supported in the mainstream school with special educational measures or in the Schaan Curative Education Center. In addition to the public elementary school, there are two private schools in Liechtenstein.

The tripartite secondary school consists of three secondary schools, five secondary schools and the lower level of the Liechtenstein Gymnasium in Vaduz. With four classes, it lasts a year longer than in German and French-speaking Switzerland. The upper and secondary schools are subordinate to the education authority of the state administration.

  • The secondary school expands the curriculum of the primary school and prepares for vocational apprenticeships and also for the transition to the secondary school. It is attended by around a quarter of the schoolchildren.
  • The Realschule prepares for apprenticeships, but also for the transition to the upper level of the grammar school or the vocational school . Realschule is attended by around half of the young people.
  • The long form of the grammar school begins after primary school and leads to the Matura , which in Switzerland and Austria entitles the holder to admission to all universities without exams . The first three of the seven years of high school education are referred to as the lower level .

From the school year 2019/20 is the Liechtenstein curriculum Lile informed that on the German Swiss curriculum 21 is based and has been adapted to Liechtenstein relations. The actual English lessons begin in the 2nd primary class. In the 1st grade, English is integrated into various sub-areas to the extent of a lesson. French lessons start with Realschule or Gymnasium. It is voluntary for high school students. There are three types of religious education in Realschule, Oberschule and Upper School: Catholic and Reformed religious education, and religion and culture .

By attending secondary school, the Liechtenstein pupils have completed their compulsory education . After that, the young people have two educational paths open to them: the general high school and an apprenticeship. The voluntary 10th school year serves as preparation for personal career choices and the expansion of school skills.
→ Main article: Liechtenstein Gymnasium

Age School level level
Basic claims medium and high demands increased demands
5-7 Preschool Kindergarten
duration: 2 years
7-12 Primary school Primary school
duration: 5 years
12-14 Secondary school High school
duration: 4 years 		Realschule
Duration: 4 years 		Gymnasium lower level
Duration: 3 years
14/15 High school to college
: 4 years
15/16 Secondary
schools 		Apprenticeship
duration: 2–4 years 		Voluntary 10th school year Apprenticeship
duration: 3–4 years
16-18 Apprenticeship
duration: 2–4 years

Vocational training

Final exams for learners from Liechtenstein
Apprenticeship year 2017/18
Apprentices from Liechtenstein by training location
Apprenticeship year 2017/18
Apprentices in Liechtenstein by place of residence
Apprenticeship year 2017/18
Apprentices in Liechtenstein training companies

As in Switzerland, basic vocational training in Liechtenstein has been based on the dual system for decades . Two thirds of Liechtenstein school leavers complete an apprenticeship in around 80 different professions. Because there is no vocational school in Liechtenstein, the apprentices attend the vocational school mainly in the neighboring canton of St. Gallen .

The job titles correspond to those in Switzerland. Since 2008, the certificates from two -year apprenticeships have been referred to as vocational certificates (BA) and those from three- and four-year training courses as proficiency certificates (FZ) . They correspond to the Federal Professional Certificate (EBA) or the Federal Certificate of Proficiency (EFZ) in Switzerland. The two countries mutually recognize their professional qualifications. The apprenticeship as a materials technician (FZ) is only offered in Liechtenstein, but not in Switzerland .

The apprenticeship and the BMS - if the offer does not exist in the country - are mostly completed in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland . Specialized secondary schools are mainly attended in Austria, in particular the Feldkirch Commercial Academy , the Higher Federal School for Tourism in Bludenz and the Higher School for Business Professions St. Josef in Feldkirch.

In the 2017/18 apprenticeship year, 1,042 apprentices completed an apprenticeship in Liechtenstein. For example, they learned ...

Secondary schools and studies

Liechtensteiners at universities of applied sciences
                          Academic year 2017/18

The students at universities of applied sciences in Germany
are included among the students at universities.
Liechtensteiners at universities at home and abroad
                             Academic year 2017/18

Germany: Students at universities of applied sciences are also included.
Students at Liechtenstein universities
by country of origin
                             Academic year 2017/18

The Liechtenstein Grammar School concludes with a secondary school graduation , the vocational secondary school Liechtenstein with a professional maturity of apprenticeship from. Young people who want to achieve the vocational baccalaureate with an apprenticeship qualification (BMS I) or a specialist baccalaureate usually attend the corresponding schools in the neighboring canton of St. Gallen .

Until the founding of their own universities, Liechtensteiners were completely dependent on educational institutions abroad, and since then for the most part. Contracts with Switzerland, Austria and the University of Tübingen regulate student access to the universities concerned.

In 1986 the International Academy of Philosophy (IAP) moved its headquarters to Liechtenstein, giving the country the first establishment of a university. In the same year, the Liechtenstein Institute was also founded as a university-like research institution. In 2005, the Liechtenstein Engineering School , founded in 1961 as an evening technical college in Vaduz , was recognized as a technical college . The training center was established in 2005 as the University of Liechtenstein and since 2011 as a University of Liechtenstein called. The private university in the Principality of Liechtenstein has existed in Triesen since 2000 . Despite having your own universities, most subjects have to be studied abroad.

Secondary schools and studies
Apprenticeship
3–4 years 		Apprenticeship with BMS I
3–4 years 		Fachmittelschule (FMS) 1
3 years 		High school
4 years
BMS II 2 years
Higher technical college (HF) 1 University of Applied Sciences 1 and University 1
3–8 years

1  mostly or exclusively in Switzerland

International comparisons

Liechtenstein took part in the PISA studies as a non-member of the OECD “out of competition”. The numerical results cannot be interpreted due to the small sample size and unsuitable population (many students leave school at the age of sixteen).

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Annette Bleyle: School books. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein . December 31, 2011 .
  2. ^ Donat Büchel: Landesschulrat. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein . December 31, 2011 .
  3. ^ Annette Bleyle: Primary School. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein . December 31, 2011 .
  4. ↑. Wolfgang Vogt: School Center Mühleholz. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein . December 31, 2011 .
  5. ↑ 1. Overview. In: Education statistics 2018. On the website of the Statistics Office (AS), Vaduz
  6. ↑ Pupils in the lower secondary level at public and private schools in the canton of St.Gallen. In: Elementary School. On the website of the Statistical Office of the Canton of St.Gallen
  7. ↑ Kindergarten. On the website of the State Administration of the Principality of Liechtenstein, accessed on February 15, 2019.
  8. ↑ a b primary school. On the website of the state administration, accessed on February 15, 2019.
  9. ↑ a b Compulsory attendance and offer (kindergarten / years 1-2). On the website of the Swiss Conference of Cantonal Directors of Education (EDK), canton survey for the 2017/2018 school year
  10. ^ Community school board . On the website of the state administration, accessed on February 15, 2019.
  11. ^ Annette Bleyle: Primary School. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein . December 31, 2011 .
  12. ↑ Special training. On the website of the state administration, accessed on February 15, 2019.
  13. ^ The secondary schools. Educational mandate and transfer opportunities. Published by the Principality of Liechtenstein Education Authority, August 2016.
  14. ↑ high school. On the website of the state administration, accessed on February 15, 2019.
  15. ↑ Realschule. On the website of the state administration, accessed on February 15, 2019.
  16. ^ High school. On the website of the state administration, accessed on February 15, 2019.
  17. ^ Government approves curriculum. In Liechtensteiner Vaterland (online) on February 23, 2019.
  18. ↑ Ordinance of March 23, 1999 on the curriculum for kindergarten, primary and secondary schools
  19. ↑ Voluntary 10th school year. On the website of the state administration, accessed on February 15, 2019.
  20. ↑ 5. Final exams. In: Education statistics 2018. On the website of the Statistics Office (AS), Vaduz
  21. ↑ a b 3. Basic vocational training. In: Education statistics 2018. On the website of the Statistics Office (AS), Vaduz
  22. ^ Annette Bleyle: Vocational training. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein . December 31, 2011 .
  23. ↑ Vocational training. On the Liechtenstein Marketing website, accessed on February 1, 2019.
  24. ↑ Explanations of the agreement between the Swiss Federal Council and the government of the Principality of Liechtenstein on the mutual recognition of certificates of proficiency and professional certificates for basic vocational training. Written by the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation , Bern
  25. ↑ Materials technician FZ. On: berufsberatung.ch, updated on December 1, 2018.
  26. ↑ Education statistics 2017. Office for Statistics Principality of Liechtenstein (PDF, 2.5 MB)
  27. ↑ a b c 2. General education. In: Education statistics 2018. On the website of the Statistics Office (AS), Vaduz
  28. ^ Annette Bleyle: Universities. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein . December 31, 2011 .
  29. ^ Structure of the Liechtenstein education system. Statistics Office (AS), Vaduz. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein. December 31, 2011.