Sphagnum molle
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Sphagnum molle is a peat moss thatbelongsto the Acutifolia section of the genus of peat moss ( Sphagnum ) and belongs to the deciduous moss (Bryophyta). This species is called "soft peat moss" in German-speaking regions.
description
Features of the plant
The typically very compact plants are normal in size and are soft and loose when wet, but stiff when dry. The heads are flat and usually large. The coloring of the plants is pale whitish, yellowish or also purple-like-bluish and occasionally deep purple-red. When dry, they have no metallic glow.
The stems are pale green to straw-colored. Their outermost cortical cells of the hyalodermis have no respiratory pores .
The stem leaves are quite variable from elongated tongue-shaped to egg-shaped and widest above the middle. Their tips are broad and serrated. The water-storing cells, the hyalocytes , are constricted, rhomboid, undivided or once divided and are reinforced with microfibrils in the outer, distal areas . The outwardly curved convex surface bears membrane folds, the concave surface 1 or (2–3) elongated membrane gaps.
The branches branch off in clusters of branches with 2 standing and 1–2 hanging branches and are seldom structured in 5 rows.
The branch leaves have an egg-shaped appearance, are curved inward, straight and 1.6-2.2 millimeters long. The tips are stiffly rolled down, broadly trimmed and serrated up to eight times; the leaf margins are provided with a resorption furrow and serrated as a result of the cell wall wear. The hyaline cells are bulging and clearly visible on the convex surface and almost flat on the concave surface. On the convex surface, the narrowed elliptical pores stand along the cell connection ; they change from smaller pores near the tip to large, rounded pores at the base. The concave surface has large circular pores in the proximal regions remote from the center.
Sexual characteristics
The gender orientation is monoecious . The spores are 27–33 µm in size and finely warty on both surfaces and with various y-like protrusions on the distal surface. The spore capsules ripen from early summer to mid-summer.
Location and distribution
Sphagnum molle is common in the biogeographical region of the Holarctic in North America and Europe at low and high altitudes . It grows as a minerotrophic species adapted to poor nutrient supply in nutrient-poor, oligotrophic habitats with an acidic pH of 3.4 to 4.0. Specifically , these are raised bogs , wet heaths and nebulas and sand dunes , they form dense cushions under grasses and sedges in North American prairies , pine stands , swamps , pond edges and ditches, which are regularly supplied with water.
The North American occurrences are in Canada in Newfoundland and on the Labrador Peninsula as well as in the states of Maine , New York , New Jersey , Delaware , Kentucky , Virginia , North Carolina , South Carolina , Georgia , Florida , Alabama , Mississippi , Louisiana and Texas in the United States of America .
Sphagnum molle is widespread in Europe. For example, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden and Norway are listed here.
In the 4th edition of the moss flora, East Asia is also mentioned as a distribution area.
Systematics
Sphagnum molle is in the Acutifolia section of the genus Sphagnum within the monogeneric family Sphagnaceae. Synonymous terms are Sphagnum labradorense warn. and Sphagnum tabular Sull. called.
Hazardous situation and protective measures
The stock situation of Sphagnum molle is characterized by the general reduction in wet areas. The species is designated as “critically endangered” in Germany's national Red List of Endangered Species and is also given an unspecified endangerment category in the Brandenburg Red List . The state of Saarland lists the species in the “extinct or lost” category. In the Swiss Red List, this peat moss species is rated as "VU vulnerable".
Together with all peat mosses, Sphagnum molle is also placed under protection at the level of the European Union by the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive No. 92/43 / EEC in the updated version of January 1, 2007 in Appendix V.
The Federal Republic of Germany protects the peat moss via the Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG) and marks all species of the genus Sphagnum in Appendix 1 to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance to Section 1 Clause 1 as "particularly protected".
Switzerland also provides legal protective measures for all types of peat moss and therefore also for Sphagnum molle . In addition, the bogs are placed under protection as a habitat for the peat moss.
swell
- Cyrus B. McQueen, Richard E. Andrus: Flora of North America. Sphagnum molle. eFloras.org, accessed November 20, 2010 .
- Richard E. Andrus: Bryophyte Flora of North America. Sphagnum molle. eFloras.org, accessed November 20, 2010 .
literature
- Jan-Peter Frahm , Wolfgang Frey : Moosflora (= UTB . 1250). 4th, revised and expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Soft peat moss in Bryophyta - Moose. Search for Sphagnum molle . In: ARTeFAKT facts and data. Rhineland-Palatinate State Institute for the Environment, accessed on November 20, 2010 .
- ↑ GBIF observations. Sphagnum molle distribution map worldwide. European Environment Agency, accessed November 20, 2010 .
- ↑ a b Klaus Weddeling, Zool. Research institute u. Museum A. Koenig, Bonn & Gerhard Ludwig: Sphagnum ssp. L. Section 2.14 / code 1409 / Annex V . Ed .: Federal Office f. Conservation, Bonn. S. 311 ( weddeling.info [PDF; 55 kB ; accessed on October 2, 2010]).
- ↑ Association TELA BOTANICA & Institut de Botanique, Montpellier: bryophytes d'Europe. Sphagnum molle Sull. (No longer available online.) In: Botanique. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013 ; Retrieved November 20, 2010 ( Sphagnum molle in Europa). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Dr. Ludwig opinion and Wiebke Schröder: Sphagnum molle soft peat moss . (No longer available online.) In: Website of the project “Die Moose Deutschlands”. Archived from the original on May 20, 2016 ; accessed on August 3, 2011 (according to information from the distribution atlas of Germany's mosses as of 2007). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Eva Maria Temsch: Sphagnum species in Austria. Sphagnum molle Sull. Retrieved October 13, 2011 .
- ^ NISM National Inventory of the Swiss Moss Flora. In: Website with Sphagnum molle. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, accessed on November 20, 2010 .
- ^ University of Tübingen: Botanical excursions to Swedish Lapland. Sphagnum molle Sull. In: List of species of the mosses determined so far. Retrieved November 21, 2010 .
- ↑ Naturhistorisk museum (Natural History Museum) & Universitetet i Oslo (University of Oslo): MOSEHERBARIET (THE BRYOPHYTE HERBARIUM). In: CHECK LIST OF NORWEGIAN MOSSES - SPHAGNATAE. Retrieved November 20, 2010 ( Sphagnum molle in Norway).
- ↑ a b c Online query for Sphagnum molle in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany and its federal states. science4you, accessed November 20, 2010 .
- ↑ Norbert Schnyder; Ariel Bergamini; Heike Hofmann; Niklaus Müller; Cécile Schubiger-Bossard; Edwin Urmi: Red List of Endangered Species in Switzerland: Mosses . Ed .: Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape BUWAL. S. 88 ( page no longer available , search in web archives: bafu.admin.ch [accessed on October 4, 2010] edition 2004).
- ↑ WISIA search service of endangered species. In: WISIA Online. German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, accessed on November 20, 2010 (search for Sphagnum molle ).
- ↑ Federal Species Protection Ordinance of the Federal Republic of Germany (BArtSchV). Appendix 1 (to § 1), protection status of wild animal and plant species with Sphagnum spp. In: juris. Federal Ministry of Justice, accessed on November 20, 2010 .
- ↑ Ordinance on nature and homeland protection. Appendix 2 (List of Protected Plants) with Sphagnum ssp. The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation, accessed on November 20, 2010 .
- ↑ Moor inventory based on the "Rothenthurm" article of the Federal Constitution. The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation, archived from the original on March 13, 2010 ; Retrieved November 21, 2010 .
