St. Justina (municipality of Assling)

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Stankt Justina ( village )
village of St. Justina
St. Justina (municipality of Assling) (Austria)
Red pog.svg
Basic data
Pole. District , state Lienz  (LZ), Tyrol
Judicial district Lienz
Pole. local community Assling   ( KG  Burg-Vergein )
Coordinates 46 ° 47 '5 "  N , 12 ° 35' 22"  E Coordinates: 46 ° 47 '5 "  N , 12 ° 35' 22"  Ef1
height 1209  m above sea level A.
Residents of the village 32 (January 1, 2020)
Building status 15 (addresses 2017 f1)
Post Code 9911 Assling
Statistical identification
Locality code 04397
Counting district / district Assling-Nord (70705 002)
Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; TIRIS
f0
32

BW

The village of St. Justina is located in the municipality of Assling near Lienz in East Tyrol , on the Pustertaler Höhenstraße . The eponymous church of St. Justina is located at 1209 meters above sea level and, with the adjacent cemetery, covers an area of ​​450 m².

history

There are already finds from the Hallstatt and Latène times in the vicinity of St. Justina. Roman settlement can be proven on Mortbichl, approx. 7 km away. Litter finds testify to a sporadic inspection of St. Justina even in late antiquity. According to local research, the Pustertal High Road follows the Roman route. In the Middle Ages, several castles and mansions were built on that street, through which the importance of the route can be proven. St. Justina is first mentioned in writing in the confirmation of ownership for Neustift Abbey by Pope Alexander III. in the spring of 1177 called " sancta Iustina prope Anras ". The elevation to the parish took place in 1891.

archeology

Building research

Parish Church of St. Justina

The church has three major renovations from three different epochs:

  • the Romanesque construction phase: by comparing the masonry, the image of a rectangular church building about 9.5 m long and 7.2 m wide, as well as a wall thickness of 0.82 m. This original building may have been lower than the current one.
  • the Gothic construction phase: a church tower is added to the south side of the church and a vestibule is added across the width of the west wall. The statue of St. Justina in the late Gothic winged altar is dated 1430, the fresco of St. Christophorus on the east side dated to 1513.
  • Construction phase at the end of the 18th century: after early baroque renovations, the church was given its present-day appearance thanks to the work that was presumably related to the foundation of the curate in 1786. The existing choir will be demolished and replaced by a new choir room. The pulpit and the main altar are inserted. The vaults were painted in the first half of the 19th century.

Excavations

In 1993 the preservation of monuments and the Institute for Prehistory and Medieval and Modern Archeology Innsbruck were entrusted with the excavation. In the course of this first excavation campaign, which mainly dealt with the eastern slope, a fragment of a gold jewelry necklace came to light.

During the second campaign in 1994, the archaeologists dealt with the fallen layers, in which several body graves were found, and the excavation of the cemetery located between the cemetery wall and the eastern path.

The excavated structure is a south-east oriented, L-shaped wall hook, which shows strong reddening on the inside in the western third. Since the same stone material can be found in today's cemetery wall, it is reasonable to assume that the ruins of the old building were used as a quarry. Both the wall hook and the recorded small finds are used for dating and entitle to address the findings as a Romanesque castle, the Gothic elements of which were added on behalf of the nobility or a church society.

Burials

The laying down of the three small children and the adult are defined as a special burial, since all four burials are located beyond the cemetery wall and thus outside the consecrated area.

Building sculptures

In the course of the excavations, the stone carving work on the church hill of St. Justina was also documented. The pillars and fragments, consisting mainly of gneiss , date from the 14th / 15th centuries. Century and were probably part of the interior design of a noble church. In the south of the retaining wall, tuff stone elements are incorporated, which were mainly used in the sacred area from the Gothic period.

Finds

The finds: ceramics (comb-streaked ceramics), bones (fragments of rosary beads, semi-finished products, etc.), stone (mainly spindle whorls ), iron, glass (including a piece of hollow glass), as well as non-ferrous and precious metal. The latter category includes what is probably the most valuable artefact from the excavation - the so-called “jewel collar” of St. Justina. Due to the similar production of all eyelets from gold wire, it can be assumed that the six individual pieces were originally connected to form an emblem. It remains to be seen whether the piece of jewelery with the four oval garnet inlays, the clover-leaf-shaped pendant made of sheet gold and the late antique gem set in gold wire is complete. The layer of fire from which the piece of jewelry was removed can clearly be dated to the Middle Ages. From the comparison with the Mainz jewel collar, Mechthild Schulze-Dörrlamm concludes that the showpiece from St. Justina can date from the 11th century at the earliest.

Personalities

  • Surasa Mairer (* 1959) is an ultra marathon runner and world record holder in backward running
  • Ignaz Martin Mitterer (1850-1924) was a composer and church musician, cathedral music director in Regensburg and Brixen
  • Ignaz Vergeiner (1938–2007) was a meteorologist and environmental physicist who became known as an expert on nuclear power issues

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Vol. 2: 1140-1200 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2012, ISBN 978-3-7030-0485-8 , p. 255-257, No. 724 .

literature