St. Philipp and Jakob (Bad Grönenbach)

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Collegiate Church of St. Philip and James

The Roman Catholic Collegiate Church of St. Philipp and St. Jakob was the church of the former collegiate monastery in Bad Grönenbach in Bavaria in the diocese of Augsburg . Church patrons of the church are the apostles Philip and James . Today's parish church is a listed building.

history

St. Philip and Jakob Grönenbach Hist3.jpg
Interior view of the parish church before the 1960 remodeling
Parish church of St Philipp and Jakob Grönenbach 36.JPG
... and in 2013


There was a parish church in Bad Grönenbach very early on. The first consecration of the then Romanesque church took place on May 27, 1136 by the Augsburg bishop Walter . This church was Gothic rebuilt and rebuilt in the 15th century because it was too small and dilapidated. This new building was inaugurated on October 15, 1445. From the previous Romanesque building, the crypt and the basement of the tower still exist today. 50 years later, in 1495, structural changes were made again; a new roof structure was put on and the church was extended by a yoke . These modifications were carried out on the occasion of the establishment of the collegiate monastery in 1479 by Ludwig von Rothenstein . The converted collegiate church was inaugurated for the third time on July 5, 1495 by Auxiliary Bishop Johannes von Augsburg. In the years 1559 to 1621 the collegiate church was used as a simultaneous church for both the Reformed Calvinist and Catholic believers. Simultaneous use was abolished on September 2, 1621 with the help of Count Otto Heinrich Fugger .

In 1622 the tower and the nave were re-covered. Towards the end of the 17th century, in 1663, the collegiate church was redesigned in Baroque style. The round windows that still exist today were created during this time. In 1784 the previously existing sacristy on the north side of the church was demolished and a round tower was added to the choir. The ossuary was located below the sacristy . In 1884 the church was redesigned in a neo-Gothic style. During the redesign, the inscription "Renovatum Decan Megglin 1663" was found in a walled up choir window. In 1804 in the course of secularization , the collegiate monastery was dissolved. The collegiate church became the parish church and the rectory was housed in the monastery building with its valuable library.

Mass on the occasion of the 850th anniversary celebration in 1986. Design of the high altar after the redesign from 1960 to the interior renovation in 1988

In the years 1960–1966 the parish church was radically redesigned. During this remodeling, a large part of the interior was removed from the parish church, including the pulpit, the two galleries, the choir stalls and the pews from the 18th century. In 1979, on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the collegiate monastery, the parish church was renamed the collegiate church again. An extensive interior renovation took place in 1988–1995. The color of the shell was made in the spirit of Hildegard von Bingen .

Building description

Floor plan of the collegiate church St. Philip and Jakob in Bad Grönenbach

The collegiate church is a three-aisled hall with a raised central nave. The recessed 5/8 choir has a neo-Gothic star net vault from 1887. Seven lancet windows open in the choir . The nave is divided on each side by four arched windows. The central nave is covered with a mesh vault , probably renewed in 1495 , the north aisle with a ribbed vault, and the south aisle with a star vault. The vaults of the two aisles rest on heraldic consoles with heraldic keystones. The church tower rises at the east end of the south aisle and also protrudes into this. The lower part of the tower is made of tuff and is four-sided. There is an arched frieze above the fourth floor of the tower. The fifth floor of the tower is provided with corner pilasters and a round arch frieze. Coupled sound arcades open on the protruding sixth floor of the tower. The octagonal upper floor of the tower is structured by blind arched windows. The tower is closed with a curved hood. The coat of arms of Prince Abbot Rupert von Bodman from Kempten is on the outer facade of the tower .

The interior of the central nave is 13 meters high, the two side aisles are each 9.75 meters high and the choir is 10 meters high. The inside length of the collegiate church is 40.25 meters, of which the nave is 27 meters and the choir is 13.25 meters. The width of the nave is 19.10 meters. The square bases of the pillars have an edge length of 95 cm, the pillars themselves have a circumference of 2.35 meters and a diameter of 75 cm.

Furnishing

The painted coats of arms of the former local lords (Lords of Grönenbach, Rothenstein and Pappenheim ) and donors of the collegiate church are on the inner wall of the tower attached to the east side in the nave . The coats of arms were probably created in the 17th century. Coats of arms can also be found on the consoles of the vaults of the aisles and on the ceiling of the aisles. The statues of the apostles Peter , Paul , Philip and James on the back walls of the two side aisles date back to the time of the baroque design of the church .

The altars and the Way of the Cross , which were removed from the parish church during the renovation in 1960–1966 , were re-erected or attached to the collegiate church during the last renovation in 1988–1995. The high altar was originally made in 1884 by the W. Engel joinery in Babenhausen . Almost all the figures that were once on the altars have not been preserved and had to be re-carved or re-carved. The main altar contains the figures of the apostles Peter, Paul, Philip and James. The focus is on the crucified Jesus, surrounded by Mary and John. John the Baptist and Joseph stand to the right and left. At the top of the high altar is God the Father with the dove of the Holy Spirit . The high altar is also populated by 12 small and four large angel figures. In contrast to the figures on the main altar, which were re-carved, there are completely newly created wooden figures on the two side altars. The main figure in the left side altar represents Mary with the baby Jesus. She is accompanied by Hildegard von Bingen and Franz von Assisi . The right side altar contains the figure of Joseph with Jesus as a boy. To the right and left of it are sculptures of Father Rupert Mayer, who was beatified in 1987, and of sister Edith Stein, who was canonized in 1998 .

The Way of the Cross was created in 1884 by Franz Schmalzl from Val Gardena . After the removal in the years 1960–1966, the reliefs were sucked off and repainted in 1992 by the church painter Ludwig Amann from Weissenhorn .

Sacred Heart Altar

Sacred Heart Altar with the 14 helpers in the Bad Grönenbach collegiate church

Dean Georg Koller acquired the Sacred Heart Altar in 1713 . In the middle of the altarpiece there is a medallion with an image of the Sacred Heart, which is lavishly framed with gilded Rococo ornaments and a ribbon of clouds with angel heads. Acanthus tendrils and colored half-figures of the 14 emergency helpers surround the medallion. Clockwise, starting at the top, these are Georg with a lance and a dragon, Barbara with a chalice and sword, Vitus in the cauldron, Cyriacus as a deacon, Eustachius with a stag, Blasius as a bishop, Aegidius with a stag, Katharina with a sword and broken wheel, Erasmus with a miter and staff, Margaret with spear and dragon, Achatius with thorns and cross, Christophorus with the baby Jesus, Dionysius with decapitated head, Pantaleon . The altarpiece is crowned by a medallion with the inscription IHS .

Epitaphs

In the collegiate church of Bad Grönenbach there are a number of epitaphs that represent members of the former local nobility, those of von Rothenstein and von Pappenheim .

Epitaph Ludwig von Rothenstein
 Ludwig von Rothenstein († 1482) was the founder of the collegiate church, the collegiate foundation and the Spital zum Hl. Geist zu Bad Grönenbach. With his death, Ludwig von Rothenstein bequeathed his entire property to his nephew Heinrich von Pappenheim . The sandstone epitaph was probably made by the stonemason Niklas Türing the Elder from Memmingen. created. Above the depiction of Ludwig von Rothenstein is the bust of St. James. The inscription on the epitaph reads as follows:
In the year of the Lord 1482 on May 8th, the noble Lord Ludwig von Rothenstein and Leonstein, knights, donors of this worthy monastery, died. In the year of the Lord 1501 on April 15th, the noble wife Jutta von Hürnheim, his housewife, died. To whom God be gracious.
Epitaph of Alexander von Pappenheim
 Alexander von Pappenheim († 1511) was an uncle of Wolfgang von Pappenheim. He was involved in the liberation of King Maximilian I in Bruges in 1488 . The epitaph was probably created by the Kempten sculptor Lux Maurus . The inscription reads as follows:
In the year 1500 and in the 11th year the noble Alexander zu Pappenheim, the hereditary marshal of the Holy Roman Empire, died. In the year of the Lord 1507 the noble Mrs. Barbara Marschallin died. von Ellerbach, his housewife. To whom God be gracious.
Wolfgang von Pappenheim's epitaph
 Wolfgang von Pappenheim († 1558) was a nephew of Alexander von Pappenheim. He was in the service of Emperor Charles V for 16 years and took part in the Reichstag in Augsburg in 1548 . One of his sons, Philipp von Pappenheim , led the reformed faith by Calvin into Grönebach. Its epitaph is labeled EM and was probably created by Endras Maurus . The epitaph bears the following inscription:
Anno Domini 1558 on the Monday before the Holy Three Kings Day between 2 and 3 in the afternoon, the noble and strict Mr. Wolfgang zu Pappenheim, the hereditary marshal of the Holy Roman Empire, died.
Margareta von Pappenheim's epitaph
 The epitaph is designed as a flat full-figure relief and depicts Margareta von Pappenheim († 1555) in the parallel fold style. The epitaph was created by Endras Maurus around 1540/50. Margerate von Pappenheim was the wife of Wolfgang von Pappenheim.
Epitaph Joachim von Pappenheims
 The inscriptions on Joachim von Pappenheim's († 1599) epitaph are no longer legible. However, the coats of arms to the right and left of the epitaph can be assigned as follows. Left side from top to bottom: Pappenheim, Hirnhaim, Sirgenstein, Ratzenried. Right side from top to bottom: Freiberg, Stain, Laubenberg, Schellenberg. The epitaph was created by Esaias Gruber the Elder. J.
Epitaph Matthias Kochs and Ursula Koch
 The epitaph is designed as a bronze plate and was created by Jakob Weinmann from Nuremberg for Matthias Koch († 1590) and his wife Ursula († 1574).
Schematic representation of the double epitaph
 A large double epitaph is located on the west wall to the right of the main entrance. This shows Alexander II von Pappenheim († 1612) and his father Heinrich Burkhardt von Pappenheim († 1547), as well as the wife of Alexander Margareta von Syrgenstein and her mother Brigitta von Ratzenried on the left. The right side of the epitaph shows Hans Philipp von Rechberg- Hohenrechberg († 1611) and his wife Anna von Pappenheim († 1616), a daughter of Alexander II von Pappenheim. The inscriptions on the epitaph are no longer legible.

List of pastors and deans of Grönenbach

The numbering of the listing with A denotes a pastor, with B Stiftsdekane (since the Ludwig von Rothenstein Foundation in 1479) and with C pastor since the secularization of 1803.

List of pastors and deans of Grönenbach
Tomb of Joh. Nep. Frey († October 3, 1814), pastor in Bad Grönenbach until 1814
Grave of Franz Hochenecker († March 1882), pastor in Bad Grönenbach 1844 - 1847
Priest's tomb u. a. Franz Xaver Breher († 1903), Joseph Sedelmayer († 1940), Franz Madlener († 1997)
No. from to Surname comment
A1 1150 Berthold von Grönenbach
A2 1322 Konrad
A3 1377 1405 Christoph von Rothenstein
A4 1416 1418 Johannes Wiedemann
A5 1445 Johannes Peppel
A6 1479 Ludwig Nagel
B1 1480 Mag. Jacob Walder (Walther) from Memmingen
B2 1500 1517 Mag. Konrad Rotmayr
B3 1517 1523 Johannes Kimpel (Kümpel) from Memmingen, † September 23, 1523
B4 1533 1550 Sigmund Frey (Freymann)
B5 1579 Mag. Georgius Meuerle (Meuerlin) Vicedecanus
B6 1581 1586 Johannes Mayr
B7 1591 1596 Andreas White from Grönenbach, ordained a priest on May 26, 1584, at the same time pastor of Illertissen
B8 1604 Johannes Lengst Vicedecanus
B9 1604 1609 Mag. Balthasar Lengst Ordained priest 25 January 1604
B10 1609 1613 Ludovicus Zeltenbach Ordained a priest March 5, 1605
B11 1613 Andreas White from Grönenbach, † November 6, 1613
B12 1614 1615 Wolfgang Gessler
B13 1615 1629 Andreas Epplin from Ottobeuren, † August 30, 1629
B14 1629 1643 Mag.Georg Biescher (fisherman) from Ottobeuren, ordained a priest December 20, 1625, † June 5, 1643
B15 1643 1653 Mag. Nikolaus Brunner
B16 1653 1660 Mag. Lukas Mayr from Ottobeuren
B17 1660 1663 Georg Holzer
B18 1663 1682 Mag. Georg Megglin from Obergünzburg, † 1682
B19 1682 1693 Johann Ulrich Moll from Ellwangen, ordained a priest on September 20, 1681
B20 1693 1719 Johann Georg Koller (Kohler) from Dillingen, ordained a priest on May 27, 1684
B21 1719 Johann Georg Huber from Bernbeuren, † June 2, 1762
B22 1762 1781 Ignaz Schnell from Grönenbach, born February 6, 1715, ordained a priest on March 1, 1738, † April 15, 1781
B23 1781 1787 Franz Xaver Kaltenhauser from Kempten, born November 15, 1727, ordained a priest on May 31, 1751
B24 1787 Johann Nepomuk Frey from Wirlings, born February 7, 1746, ordained a priest on March 10, 1775, † October 3, 1814
C1 1803 1814 Johann Nepomuk Christoph Frey
C2 1816 1832 Alois Hertrich from Hetzlinshofen, born November 16, 1744, ordained a priest on September 21, 1799
C3 1833 1834 Ignaz Mayer from Frankenried, born June 11, 1801, ordained a priest on September 24, 1825, † February 10, 1834, committed suicide by shooting during a church service
C4 1834 1840 Franz Xaver Egger from Denklingen, born January 6, 1798, ordained a priest on May 18, 1825
C5 1841 1843 Andreas Becherer from Geisenried, * August 1, 1793, Priesterwieh May 1, 1824
C6 1844 1847 Eduard Hohenecker Foundling from Vienna, born August 18, 1809, ordained a priest on July 7, 1835, † March 1882
C7 1848 1869 Joseph Fischer from Augsburg, born April 7, 1808, ordained a priest on July 7, 1835
C8 1870 1880 Alban Winter from Obenhausen, born September 5, 1828, ordained a priest on August 6, 1852
C9 1880 1903 Franz Xaver Breher from Heimertingen, born December 1, 1850, ordained a priest on August 9, 1874, † 1909
C10 1903 Joseph Sedelmayer from Oberreichenbach, born March 8, 1862, ordained a priest on August 1, 1885, † 1940
C11 Johann Ev. Hartl * 1909, ordained a priest in 1934, † 1975
C12 Franz X. Langhans * 1905, ordained priest in 1933, † 1994
C13 1974 1978 Paul Finkenzeller
C14 1978 2000 Stefan Ried
C15 2000 Klemens Geiger

organ

View of the organ

As early as 1589, an organ was purchased by Alexander II von Pappenheim . It was repaired in 1746 by the Ottobeur organ maker Josef Zettler and in 1840 by the organ builder Franz Anton Kiene. Today's organ was rebuilt in 1967 by the organ builder Jakob Maximilian Offner (Kissing). The slider chests -instrument has 35 stops on three manuals and pedal. The key actions are mechanical, the stop actions are electrical.

I Rückpositiv C–
1. Covered 8th'
2. Quintad 8th'
3. Prefix 4 ′
4th Reed flute 4 ′
5. octave 2 ′
6th Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Third cymbal 1 ⁄ 2 ′
8th. Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
II main work C–
9. Pommer 16 ′
10. Principal 8th'
11. Coupling flute 8th'
12. octave 4 ′
13. recorder 4 ′
14th Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
15th Sif flute 2 ′
16. Mixture V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Trumpet 8th'
Tremulant
III Swell C–
18th Cane-covered 8th'
19th Willow pipe 8th'
20th Flute Principal 4 ′
21st Gemshorn 2 ′
22nd third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
23. Sif flute 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
24. Seventh 1 1 ⁄ 7  ′
25th Principal 1'
26th Sharp 2 ⁄ 3 ′
27. Rohrschalmei 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C–
28. Sub bass 16 ′
29 Subtle bass 16 ′
30th Open bass 8th'
31. Choral bass 4 ′
32. Bass flute 2 ′
33. Intoxicating bass 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
34. trombone 16 ′
35. Clarine 4 ′
  • Coupling : I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P

crypt

crypt

The crypt of the collegiate church, which is consecrated to St. Sebastian , still comes from the previous Romanesque building . In the period from 1479 to 1804 the crypt was used as a burial place and crypt chapel. The canons were buried here. The crypt is a three-aisled hall and consists of five bays. Romanesque tufa columns support the groin vault . The crypt originally served as a burial place for the local nobility and the canons of the collegiate monastery from 1479 to 1804. In 1884 the crypt was expanded and from that time on it could be entered directly from the nave. Since the renovation of the collegiate church in the 1960s, the crypt has also been used for church services. The gilded dove, a symbol of the Holy Spirit that hovers above the altar table in the apse, was created by Peter Sulzer from Augsburg in 1995. To the right and left of the apse there are early baroque figures on consoles. Saint Sebastian and Our Lady are shown .

There are several epitaphs in the anteroom and in the crypt itself. Below is an epitaph for Dean Georg Megglin with the following inscription:

Anno 1682 dei mensis 21. Augusti obyt RD Georgius Megglin Hujus Eccl. Coll. Decanus et parochus.

  • Mother of God

  • Gilded dove in the apse

  • St. Sebastian

Bells

There are five bells in the tower of the collegiate church. During the Second World War, all bells were removed and should be melted down. Only one of the original bells was not melted down and hung up in the tower again.

Bell i

This bell, cast in 1523, is the Trinity Bell. The inscription reads: + O REX GLORIAE CHRISTE VENI CUM PACE IHS NAZARENUS REX JUDEORUM AMEN. HOC NOCUA CEDANT HOSTIS ET AURA SONO ANNO DOMINI MCCCCCXXIII. - (Christ, King of Glory, come with peace. Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews. Amen. In this time of need may the enemies give way and I ring in the air in the year of the Lord 1523.) The tone is d.

Bell II

This bell, cast in 1950, is the Bell of Our Lady and has the tone f.

Bell III

The Christ the King bell was cast in 1950 and has the tone g.

Bell IV

Like Bells II and III, this was also cast in 1950. This bell is the death knell and has the tone b.

Bell V

In 1922 the death bell was cast. Your tone is c.

See also

literature

  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments - Bavaria III - Swabia . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03116-6 , pp. 166-167 .
  • Catholic parish office of St. Philip and James, Grönenbach (ed.): Stiftskirche Grönenbach . 1994, ISBN 3-930102-83-8 .
  • Joseph Sedelmayer: History of the market town Grönenbach . Ed .: Historical association for the overall promotion of local history of the Allgäu. Kempten 1910.
  • Tilmann Breuer: City and District of Memmingen . Ed .: Heinrich Kreisel and Adam Horn. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1959.
  • Karl Schnieringer: Grönenbach - Its development from taking land on the Ach to a market and Kneipp spa . Kurverwaltung Grönenbach, Grönenbach 1975, p. 38-40 .

Web links

Commons : St. Philip and Jacob  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Geschichte des Marktfleckens Grönenbach, pp. 201–206, 215–218  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Diocese of Augsburg
  2. ^ Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments: Entry D-7-78-144-18
  3. ↑ a b Joseph Sedelmayer; Historical association for the entire promotion of local history of the Allgäu (ed.): History of the market town of Grönenbach. Kempten 1910, p. 201.
  4. ↑ a b Catholic parish office of St. Philippus and Jakobus, Grönenbach (Hrsg.): Stiftskirche Grönenbach. 1994, p. 7
  5. ↑ Joseph Sedelmayer; Historical association for the entire promotion of local history of the Allgäu (ed.): History of the market town of Grönenbach. Kempten 1910, p. 205.
  6. ↑ a b Joseph Sedelmayer; Historical association for the entire promotion of local history of the Allgäu (ed.): History of the market town of Grönenbach. Kempten 1910, p. 202.
  7. ↑ a b c Tilmann Breuer; Heinrich Kreisel and Adam Horn (eds.): City and district of Memmingen . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1959, p. 112
  8. ^ Catholic parish office of St. Philippus and Jakobus, Grönenbach (ed.): Stiftskirche Grönenbach. 1994, p. 8
  9. ↑ a b c d e f Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments - Bavaria III - Swabia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, Berlin 2008, p. 166
  10. ^ Catholic parish office of St. Philippus and Jakobus, Grönenbach (ed.): Stiftskirche Grönenbach. 1994, p. 13
  11. ^ Catholic parish office of St. Philippus and Jakobus, Grönenbach (ed.): Stiftskirche Grönenbach. 1994, p. 15
  12. ^ Catholic parish office of St. Philippus and Jakobus, Grönenbach (ed.): Stiftskirche Grönenbach. 1994, pp. 22, 24
  13. ^ Catholic parish office of St. Philippus and Jakobus, Grönenbach (ed.): Stiftskirche Grönenbach. 1994, pp. 17, 18
  14. ↑ Joseph Sedelmayer; Historical association for the entire promotion of local history of the Allgäu (ed.): History of the market town of Grönenbach. Kempten 1910, pp. 215-219.
  15. ↑ Joseph Sedelmayer, historical association for the entire promotion of local history of the Allgäu (ed.): History of the market town Grönenbach. Kempten 1910, p. 218
  16. ↑ Joseph Sedelmayer; Historical association for the entire promotion of local history of the Allgäu (ed.): History of the market town of Grönenbach. Kempten 1910, pp. 190-193.
  17. ↑ Joseph Sedelmayer; Historical association for the entire promotion of local history of the Allgäu (ed.): History of the market town of Grönenbach. Kempten 1910, pp. 202, 203.
  18. ↑ Information on the organ: Christian Kohler: Orgeln und Organbauer im Allgäu from 1850 to the present . Diploma thesis 2007, Musikhochschule Augsburg / Nürnberg.
  19. ^ Catholic parish office of St. Philippus and Jakobus, Grönenbach (ed.): Stiftskirche Grönenbach. 1994, p. 33
  20. ↑ Joseph Sedelmayer; Historical association for the entire promotion of local history of the Allgäu (ed.): History of the market town of Grönenbach. Kempten 1910, p. 206.

Coordinates: 47 ° 52 ′ 26 ″  N , 10 ° 13 ′ 16 ″  E