City parish church of the Assumption of Mary (Bad Königshofen im Grabfeld)

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City parish church of the Assumption
The tympanum with hell's mouth

The Roman Catholic parish church of the Assumption of Mary is a listed church building in the town of Bad Königshofen in Grabfeld in the Lower Franconian district of Rhön-Grabfeld . It is registered under the number D-6-73-141-30 in the Bavarian Monument List .

Parish

The community of the parish community Grabfeldbrücke, of which it is the center, belongs to the deanery of Bad Neustadt in the diocese of Würzburg .

Building description and history

The building is a hybrid between a basilica and a hall church, which is more common in Franconia . The tower of the church is 63 meters high and is the city's landmark that can be seen from afar . From the Türmerstube you have a good view over the grave field , the all-round view lets the Rhön , the Haßberge and the Gleichberge (already in southern Thuringia ) appear in front of the beholder's eyes.

The first previous church was almost certainly a simple wooden building, the exact location is not known. The caretaker Karlmann from Franconia transferred the king's own churches to the diocese of Würzburg , including the "St. Peter's Church in Chuningishaoba", which was probably built around 770. The successor building must have been built around 1300, because in 1302 the new church in Aub was given the patronage of Peter and it received the tithe of the tobogganing land. A people priest with the name "Reische" is mentioned for 1294 in the place.

Today's late Gothic parish church of the Assumption of Mary ( patronage August 15) was built between 1442 and 1496. An inscription on the portal proves this: "Anno D (omi) ni M CCCC XL II on Ma (n) day after Ambrosij is raised to praise this paw God v (nd) Maria and to Ere." The shell was according to an inscription on Gable field completed in 1496, the final work, according to a designation in the keystone of a yoke in the central nave, lasted until 1502. Information about the builders, craftsmen or artists have not been passed down, the 27 stonemason's marks are assigned to the Strasbourg building works. The families Schott von Eichelsdorf, Hartung Truchseß zu Ebersberg, the Marschalk von Ostheim and other noble and bourgeois families are marked on the coat of arms in keystones . During renovation work, the remains of wall paintings from different eras were uncovered. The representations of Maria, Katharina and Dorothea can be seen on the wall under the gallery, these fragments come from the first painting of the church. From the painting in 1589, drawings of ashlar stones, an apostle and an inscription above the north portal have survived. The organ was originally located as a so-called swallow's nest organ at a height of about nine meters near the sacristy . During the renovation from 1671 to 1673, it was built on the gallery. In the middle of the 18th century, Italian artists painted other frescoes . Fragments of it can be seen on either side of the window above the portal on the north side. During the renovation from 1967 to 1968, the pseudo-Gothic furnishings were removed and the space regained its width.

The building is about 50 meters long and 25 meters wide. It was built from sandstone blocks. The choir , as wide as the central nave, faces east and is basilica based on the floor plan. The tower stands on the south side and is 63 meters high. Its six floors have a square base, and by digging at the corners it turns into an octagonal gallery. The top, also octagonal bell storey rises above it. The two crowning Welschen hoods with a final cross were put on in 1693, they give the tower its characteristic appearance. A gilded figure of Our Lady crowns the gable of the portal on the north side. The sacristy is opposite the tower on the north side of the choir. It is two-story over a rectangular floor plan. Above it is the fourteen-helper chapel , a vaulted room . The rib vault is decorated with simple figurations in the form of a network and has three keystones. The bailiff used to take part in mass from there with his family. The room is accessed through a small stair tower.

The outer walls are structured by supporting pillars and two-lane pointed arch windows. The southern portal is possibly from the early Gothic period and would therefore be a relic of the second church. A tympanum supported on two consoles, each decorated with three angels, crowns the north portal. The tympanum shows the Annunciation; between the angel and Mary there is a vessel with a lily sprout, and the Trinity floats symbolically above the figures. The Last Judgment is shown in the tympanum above the portal on the west side. The two consoles are decorated with two lions in a crouching position. The representation is divided into two superimposed zones. Below, the damned are driven into the jaws of hell. Next to that, Peter leads the blessed into the heavenly gate, which is designed as a Gothic chapel. In the upper part you can see Mary, Jesus and John surrounded by angels. A stair tower rises next to the main entrance, it leads to the organ gallery via a rare double spiral staircase . The two stair spindles interlock; this architectural achievement is awarded to the master builder Nikolaus von Schaffhausen. A Mount of Olives group donated in 1885 , whose figures are almost life-size, stands on the wall between the west and north portal. During renovation work in the early 1990s, a grave was discovered in the left aisle at the front. She probably belongs to a family of benefactors.

inner space

Interior panorama

The choir of the late Gothic hall church has moved in, the nave has three aisles. The choir with three bays in the 3/8 end is equipped with a gothic ribbed vault from 1865. The pointed arches are supported by four octagonal inner pillars and the wall pillars; they separate the three ships from each other. The close-meshed ribbed vault in the nave is decorated with net figurines. The vaulted apices of the central nave are higher than those of the side aisles. All keystones are made in the form of disc stones. They bear coats of arms and figurative representations as well as inscriptions. The gallery on the west side is as wide as all three naves, it was built around 1513. The stone parapet is raised by two steps in the central nave. The fillings are all different. The parapet is considered to be a "brilliant example of late Gothic decorative art". The windows in the choir were destroyed at the end of the Second World War and were rebuilt in 1952 by the Mayer'schen Hofkunstanstalt in Munich based on designs by Franz Xaver Wilfried Braunmiller from Munich . They show the Mother of God with the baby Jesus, the transfiguration of Christ, the coronation of Mary, the baptism of Jesus and various representations of angels. The framing stained glass windows are only partially designed, for example with the adoration of the shepherds, depictions of apostles and the resurrection of Christ. The seven windows in the nave are painted and were manufactured by Zettler in Munich from 1920 to 1922.

Furnishing

The winged altar
Resurrection Altar
The Schlimbach organ
  • The high altar was built from 1935 to 1939 by the artists Buscher , Weckbecker and Kohnsperger. The table altar with wings, cafeteria and predella shows the creation of the earth , the birth of Christ , the Last Supper and the sending of the Holy Spirit .
  • The altar of fourteen saints stands on the long side. It contains an altarpiece from 1589 depicting his patronage and is flanked by figures of bishops.
  • The winged altar from 1930 is based on old masters, the picture with the resurrection of Christ is a work by Theo Bayer, the pictures on the edge are by Oskar Martin.
  • The figures of the Holy Family were created by Johann Josef Keßler in the 18th century. The richly robed Mother of God holds a scepter in her left hand, the baby Jesus is playing on her right arm. Josef wears a trimmed coat.
  • A crucifix from around 1460 hangs down from the choir arch .
  • The panel paintings have been preserved from the baroque side altars that used to stand in the church . They were painted in 1667 by the Flemish artist Oswald Onghers and show depictions of the birth and resurrection of Christ .
  • Another 18th century painting depicting the baptism of Christ hangs over the right entrance.
  • Two tartsch shields with holes hang on the choir wall, they show the coats of arms of Truchses von Ebersberg and Schott from around 1486 and inscriptions from the Renaissance period . One sign commemorates the feast of the priests of the Corporis Christi Brotherhood, the other the foundation of the Chapel of Fourteen Saints.
  • The polychrome mural with half relief is a work by the sculptor Schleglmüning from Würzburg from around 1926. It depicts the fourteen helpers in need .
  • The votive image of the Rosary Brotherhood is painted in oil, it shows Mary with Domenicus , as well as Catherine of Siena with the attributes lily and crown of thorns .
  • The neo-Gothic choir stalls were built in the 20th century to remind of the pastoral care of the conventuals of the Cistercian monastery in Bildhausen.
  • The larger than life late Gothic figure of Maria comes from around 1480, it is assigned to the Nuremberg School and is considered the protector of the church.
  • The choir walls carved guild rods they are in processions carried.
  • The former high altar in the Rococo style was the work of the sculptor Johann Josef Keßler from Bad Königshofen. Like the organ front, it was sawed up in the 1860s. The individual parts were sold to make way for a neo-Gothic interior.
  • The stone pulpit hangs on a pillar on the right. It adapts to the reticulated vault through its decorations and the staircase and blends in harmoniously. The fields of the filling are kept different and overlap. The sound cover in the Gothic style is crowned by a figure of Peter .
  • The baptismal font is a renaissance work from around 1600. The shaft is twisted, the basin is octagonal in the shape of a shell. The sides are adorned with coats of arms.
  • In the vestibule there are modern Gothic-style figures from 1902. The stone figures represent the first parents.
  • The guild candlesticks from the 17th and 18th centuries are a testament to the self-confidence of the population of a wealthy city.
  • The goldsmith J. Amberg from Würzburg cast the 14 bronze Stations of the Cross .
  • The church treasury is only occasionally exhibited. It includes an ivory crucifixion group that came from Vienna in the first half of the 18th century. The aquamanile from the beginning of the 14th century is in the Gothic style and has the shape of a unicorn . The monstrance dates from the period between 1735 and 1737. A number of goblets are from the 18th and 19th centuries, a St. John's wine goblet from the late 17th century is remarkable. A censer with a boat is from 1620.
  • During the renovation from 1992 to 1993, the pews were moved apart again to reveal the altar.
  • Six bells hang in the bell floor of the tower, they have a total weight of 4,441 kg, the largest has a diameter of 1.43 meters.
  • An organ was mentioned in 1626; today's instrument was built by the organ builder Balthasar Schlimbach from Würzburg in 1872. In 1993 the organ was extensively renovated.

literature

  • Assumption of Mary Bad Königshofen (= Schnell art guide no.240). Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, ISBN 3-7954-4199-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Community membership ( Memento from September 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ a b Assumption of Mary Bad Königshofen . Verlag Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, p. 2.
  3. ^ Assumption of the Virgin Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th ed. 1997, pp. 2-4.
  4. ↑ a b Assumption of Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, p. 4.
  5. ^ Assumption of the Virgin Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, p. 5.
  6. ^ Assumption of the Virgin Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, p. 6.
  7. ↑ a b Assumption of Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, p. 8.
  8. ^ Assumption of the Virgin Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, pp. 5-7.
  9. ↑ a b c Assumption of Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, p. 14.
  10. ^ Assumption of the Virgin Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, p. 7f.
  11. ↑ a b Assumption of Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, p. 10.
  12. ↑ a b Assumption of Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, p. 13.
  13. ^ Assumption of the Virgin Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, p. 11.
  14. ^ Assumption of the Virgin Mary Bad Königshofen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg, 5th edition 1997, p. 5f.

Web links

Commons : Stadtpfarrkirche Mariä Himmelfahrt (Bad Königshofen im Grabfeld)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 17 ′ 56.4 ″  N , 10 ° 27 ′ 56.9 ″  E