City Police Munich

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City Police sleeve badge, ca.1960
Section 11 - Office for Public Order, Headquarters building, Ettstrasse 2–4 (today Police Headquarters Munich)

The Munich City Police were the municipal police in Munich that existed from 1945 to 1975 . In the period up to 1966/68 she was clearly distinguishable from the green uniformed country (es) police by her blue police uniforms . In 1975 the city police became part of the Bavarian State Police (more precisely in the Munich Police Headquarters ).

organization

The Munich City Police was a municipal authority in Section 11 - Office for Public Order . With around 6,000 employees, it was the largest municipal police force in Bavaria.

The Presidium of the City Police with the headquarters of the Police President was in the service building Ettstrasse 2-4 (Police Office Munich of the City Administration of Munich , today Police Headquarters Munich of the Bavarian Police). The Munich city police were responsible for the entire city area.

The police station and the criminal police department were also housed in the Ettstrasse service building. The four police offices North (at Kurfürstenplatz 5), East (in St.-Martin-Straße 114), South (in Allescherstraße 14) and West (in Romanstraße 13) were subordinate to 31 police stations and 12 police stations with approx. 3,000 police officers ( Status 1967). The traffic control, traffic accidents, traffic monitoring and traffic education departments belonged to the traffic police office. Some of the motorized security patrols were grouped together in their own police station. As the seventh police office, the police office was supplementary services.

In January 1965, came after the experience of Schwabing riots and leading to the first use hundred of the city police Munich. Many of the officers working there were housed in so-called single dormitories. In April 1965 the first police hostesses were hired to monitor stationary traffic.

The Munich City Police also had the only cavalry squadron in Bavaria .

history

prehistory

With the municipal edict of May 17, 1818, which transferred police power to the municipalities, city ​​and municipal police forces were established throughout Bavaria . Only in the capital and residence city of Munich did the police remain completely in state hands. Even when the local gendarmerie company was converted into a protection team in 1898 , it remained subordinate to the state police headquarters as a “civil institute” . After the takeover of the Nazis , the police were in Germany centralized and in the Security Police (Sipo) and the Order Police (Orpo) under the command of Police General Kurt Daluege transferred, which for the preservation of public security and order was responsible.

Established after 1945

The US Army practically took over government and police power in Bavaria in April 1945. The remaining German police officers were disarmed and often sent back on patrol. As the successor to Hans von Seißer , who had been temporarily appointed by the Americans , Franz Xaver Pitzer became police chief of Munich in mid-August 1945 . By order of January 21, 1946, “land police (s) based on the country” were set up in the countries of the American occupation zone . Local police forces have been set up in communities with more than 5,000 inhabitants. The municipal police in Munich was responsible for the entire urban area of ​​Munich.

On June 1, 1949, the first radio strips were introduced in Munich. The television series Funkstreife Isar 12, which was broadcast from 1961 to 1963, contributed to the popularity of these radio strips . Due to his involvement in the so-called gold slide trial, Police President Pitzer was suspended at the end of 1949. From December 12, 1949 to January 1, 1951, Ludwig Anton Weitmann acted as executive police chief. In the subsequent court proceedings, Pitzer was acquitted, but was retired on January 1, 1951.

From June 16, 1952 to April 15, 1963, Anton Heigl acted as police chief . On July 17, 1958, he and Thomas Wimmer, then Mayor of Munich, put one of the world's first traffic control centers into operation. Under Heigl's aegis , the German concentration camp doctor Hans Eisele was able to flee to Egypt. Heigl has been the subject of public criticism at least since the Schwabing riots in 1962, after which the Munich police were referred to as “by far the rudest police in the Federal Republic, even beyond the German borders”.

BMW 501 (71 PS), former emergency vehicle of the radio station ("Isar 12") of the Munich city police

"Munich Line"

In the 1960s, due to the criticism of the confrontational approach taken by the police in the Munich city council, there were considerations to merge the office of police president with that of the head of the public order office . Until then, the Munich police presidents were department heads, i.e. professional city councilors, elected by the city council for six years.

With the appointment of Manfred Schreiber , criminal director and head of the criminal police from 1960 to 1963, the city council also changed the business allocation plan in 1963. Schreiber was made a lifelong civil servant. Under Schreiber, the Munich police began to pursue less confrontational intervention strategies against public political protests. As a consequence of the Schwabing riots , Rolf Umbach, the first police psychologist, was hired by the Munich police in January 1964 .

Schreiber also developed the " Munich Line ". Mass protests and unrest should therefore be prevented in advance if possible. Should this not succeed, one wanted to rely on psychological persuasion tactics. What was required was greater composure towards unconventional behavior on the part of the young people and refrain from spectacular violence. Since Schreiber considered the Schwabing riots to be a “mass psychotic event”, he gave police psychologists an advisory role for the first time in management and operational issues. In addition to the police psychological service, he also institutionalized a mobile press office for public relations. This tactic was first tried out at a Rolling Stones concert in 1967, when the police did not appear in their usual blue uniforms, but in white shirts.

During the first bank robbery with hostage-taking in the Federal Republic of Germany on August 4, 1971 in Munich's Prinzregentenstrasse , Schreiber initially led the police operation until the Munich Public Prosecutor Erich Sechser took over the command. Dimitri Todorov's accomplice Hans Georg Rammelmayr and 19-year-old hostage Ingrid Reppel were killed in an exchange of fire .

Hostage-taking during the 1972 Olympic Games

In 1970, Police President Schreiber was the commissioner of the National Olympic Committee for Germany with the performance of all civil security tasks for the preparation and implementation of the XX. Olympic Summer Games in Munich . In the run-up to the event, his greatest concern was that Munich could become a “ Woodstock on the Isar” and that there would be no rock music festivals during the games in Bavaria.

When Munich was taken hostage on September 5, 1972, the Palestinian terrorist organization Schwarzer September 11 took athletes from the Israeli Olympic delegation hostage and murdered two of the athletes at the beginning of this action. Subsequently, requests were made for the release of 236, mostly Palestinian, prisoners from Israeli custody. After an unsuccessful rescue attempt by the police and some negotiations, the hostage-takers abandoned their main claim and demanded that they be flown to Egypt with their hostages. The crisis team gave in to this demand pro forma, but planned a liberation action at the Bundeswehr airport Fürstenfeldbruck. This action developed into a total fiasco due to the completely inadequate planning and the lack of qualifications of the officers deployed . All of the Israeli hostages, most of the hostage-takers, and one police officer were killed. The tactics used by the security forces were later heavily criticized.

Other events

  • Parcel bomb attack on the Slovak politician in exile Matus Czermak in the post office in Agnesstrasse on July 5, 1955, with 3 dead and 20 injured
  • Fatal assassination attempt on Stepan Bandera on October 15, 1959 in Kreittmayrstrasse
  • Plane crash on the Schwanthalerhöhe on December 17, 1960 with 52 dead
  • On February 1, 1961, police sergeant major Karlheinz Roth was killed in an exchange of fire in Krumbacher Strasse 10 B in Munich by the electrician Kutscher. PHW Roth then judged his murderer himself with his service weapon. PHW Roth died on the way to the Schwabing hospital in the DRK ambulance. He leaves behind his wife and a 6 month old son.

End of the Munich City Police

The restructuring of the Bavarian police into regional protection areas began in 1970. Police directorates for the individual areas were formed, which were subordinate to the seven existing praesidia. The aim of this reorganization was to combine the protection , traffic and criminal police on one level and to set up more efficient organizational units. The municipal police, however, were nationalized step by step . In 1972 the Land Police was officially renamed the State Police.

On October 1, 1975, the Munich City Police was incorporated into the Munich Police Headquarters as the last municipal police in Bavaria . Manfred Schreiber became President of the Munich State Police Headquarters, which was then also responsible for the Munich district and a small part of the Starnberg district .

Police chief of the Munich City Police

Surname Taking office End of office Remarks
Hans von Seisser June 16, 1945 August 15, 1945 provisional
Franz Xaver Pitzer August 15, 1945 December 12, 1949
Ludwig Anton Weitmann December 12, 1949 January 1, 1951 executive
Anton Heigl June 16, 1952 April 15, 1963 Death in a truck accident on April 5, 1963 in Riederau
Manfred Schreiber 4th November 1963 May 5th 1983 from October 1, 1975 as President of the State Police Headquarters in Munich

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anton Fingerle: Munich, Heimat und Weltstadt , 1967, Olympia-Turm Verlag, Munich, p. 107.
  2. ↑ z. B. New building at Skagerrakstrasse 4 (3 buildings)
  3. ^ The story of the Bavarian cavalry squadron. Police , Bavarian Police, July 13, 2015
  4. ↑ Heiner Lichtenstein: Himmler's green helpers. The protection and order police in the "Third Reich". Bund-Verlag, Cologne 1990, ISBN 3-7663-2100-5 .
  5. ^ Karl-Ulrich Gelberg (ed.): The protocols of the Bavarian Council of Ministers 1945–1954. Das Kabinett Ehard I, December 21, 1946 to September 20, 1947. Vol. 1. Munich 2000, p. 97
  6. ↑ Police: Weitmanns Heil . In: Der Spiegel . No. 24 , 1951 ( online - June 13, 1951 ).
  7. ↑ G 'quickly through . In: Der Spiegel . No. 4 , 1964 ( online - Jan. 22, 1964 ).
  8. ↑ Martin Morlock: Psycho . In: Der Spiegel . No. 9 , 1964 ( online - Feb. 26, 1964 ).
  9. ^ Klaus Weinhauer: Controlling Control Institutions. Policing Collective Protests in 1960s West Germany. In: Wilhelm Heitmeyer et al. (Ed.): Control of Violence. Historical and International Perspectives on Violence in Modern Societies. Springer, NY 2011, p. 222.
  10. ↑ Martin Winter: Police philosophy and protest policing in the Federal Republic of Germany - from 1960 to national unity in 1990 . In: Hans-Jürgen Lange (Ed.): State, Democracy and Internal Security in Germany . Leske & Budrich, Opladen 2000, p. 207.
  11. ^ A b David Clay Large: Munich 1972: Tragedy, Terror, and Triumph at the Olympic Games , Plymouth 2012
  12. ^ Matthias Dahlke: Democratic state and transnational terrorism. Three Roads to Intransigence in Western Europe 1972–1975. Oldenbourg, Munich 2011, p. 68.
  13. ↑ We are in a trap: The riots in Esslingen, Munich and Hanover . In: Der Spiegel . No. 18 , 1968 ( online - 1964 ).
  14. ↑ a b "Individual Police Service in Bavaria: From the State Police to the State Police" , polizei.bayern.de