Manfred Schreiber

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Manfred Schreiber (born April 3, 1926 in Hof / Saale ; † May 6, 2015 ) was a German lawyer and police officer . From 1963 to 1983 he was police chief of the Munich Police Office and the Munich Police Headquarters .

Live and act

Studies and early career

Manfred Schreiber made 1943 the Notabitur on Jean-Paul-Gymnasium Hof was then Flakhelfer and the Reich Labor Service . Eventually he was sent to the front by the Wehrmacht , where he was seriously injured.

After the Second World War, he studied, initially as a wheelchair user, jurisprudence at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich , where he in 1947 the first elected General Student Committee chaired. He passed his first state examination in law in 1948 and his second state examination in 1952 and received his doctorate.

In 1952 he was employed in the security department of the government of Upper Bavaria . Schreiber joined the SPD , from which he left in 1979. From 1956 he headed the personnel, training and law department of the Bavarian riot police in Munich. From 1960 to 1963 Schreiber was criminal director and head of the criminal police in Munich. During his tenure, criminal offenses with unknown perpetrators were digitized at the punch card office from 1961 , for which computing time on an IBM 650 was rented. From 1965, the characteristics of stolen objects were digitized there.

Police chief of Munich

"Munich Line"

In the 1960s, the Munich city council considered merging the office of police chief with that of the head of the regulatory office . Schreiber's predecessors were department heads, professional city councilors, elected by the city council for six years. Since Schreiber was not a police officer, but a lawyer, the city council changed the business allocation plan. Schreiber was made a lifelong civil servant.

Under Schreiber, the Munich police began to pursue less confrontational intervention strategies against public political protests. As a consequence of the Schwabing riots , Schreiber hired Rolf Umbach, the first police psychologist for the Munich city police , in January 1964 .

Schreiber also developed the " Munich Line ". Mass protests and unrest should be prevented in advance if possible. Should this not succeed, one wanted to rely on psychological persuasion tactics. What was required was greater composure towards unconventional behavior on the part of the young people and refrain from spectacular violence. Since Schreiber considered the Schwabing riots to be a “mass psychotic event”, he gave police psychology an advisory role for the first time in management and operational issues. In addition to the police psychological service, he also institutionalized a mobile press office for public relations. This tactic was first tried out at a Rolling Stones concert in 1967, when the police did not appear in their usual blue uniforms, but in white shirts.

During the first bank robbery with hostage-taking in the Federal Republic of Germany on August 4, 1971 in Prinzregentenstrasse , Schreiber initially led the police operation until the Munich Public Prosecutor Erich Sechser took over the command. Dimitri Todorov's accomplice Hans Georg Rammelmayr and a 19-year-old hostage were killed in an exchange of fire .

Official for the 1972 Olympic Games

In 1970, Schreiber was the regulatory officer of the National Olympic Committee for Germany with the performance of all civil security tasks for the preparation and implementation of the XX. Olympic Summer Games in Munich . In the run-up to the event, his greatest concern was that Munich could become a “ Woodstock on the Isar” and that there would be no rock music festivals during the games in Bavaria.

When Munich was taken hostage on September 5, 1972, a group from “ Black September ” took 11 athletes from the Israeli Olympic delegation hostage and killed two of the athletes at the beginning of this action. Subsequently, requests were made for the release of 236, mostly Palestinian, prisoners from Israeli custody. In addition to the release of their compatriots, the release of international like-minded people from prison was also called for, including the German RAF terrorists Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof and the Japanese Kōzō Okamoto .

Schreiber headed the crisis team with Federal Interior Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher , State Secretary Sigismund von Braun as the representative of Foreign Minister Walter Scheel and the Bavarian Interior Minister Bruno Merk . The Munich police were not prepared for this unexpected and completely new situation in terms of personnel, tactics and equipment. Schreiber later remarked: "We were not prepared at all by the ammunition, the law, but also the psyche and the intention to design the games as peace-loving games of a peace-loving Germany." The help of other, not Bavarian forces, was due to the Mission primates of the state police not used. The deployment of Bundeswehr units or other special forces failed due to constitutional concerns.

After an unsuccessful rescue attempt by the police and some negotiations, the hostage-takers abandoned their main claim and demanded that they be flown to Egypt with their hostages. The crisis team gave in to this demand pro forma, but planned a liberation action at the Fürstenfeldbruck airfield . This action developed into a total fiasco due to the completely inadequate planning and the lack of qualifications of the officers deployed . All of the Israeli hostages, most of the hostage-takers, and one police officer were killed. The tactics used by the security forces were later heavily criticized.

Ministerial official

From 1984 to 1988 Schreiber headed the police department in the Federal Ministry of the Interior. From 1985 he taught as an honorary professor for criminology and crime statistics at the University of Munich .

Schreiber was also one of the founding fathers of the victims' organization “ Weißer Ring ”.

death

Schreiber died in Munich at the age of 89. He was buried on May 14, 2015 in the Nordfriedhof in Munich, for which the Munich police provided an escort of honor.

Awards

Publications

  • with Georg Rieger: My personal safety . dtv, Munich 1989.
  • Police interference and fundamental rights. Festschrift for the 70th birthday of Rudolf Samper . Boorberg, Stuttgart a. a. 1982.
  • with Rudolf Birkl: Between Security and Freedom . Olzog, Munich 1977.

literature

  • Thomas Kleinknecht u. Michael Sturm: "Demonstrations are punctual plebiscites". Police reform and social democratization from the 1960s to the 1980s . In: Archiv für Sozialgeschichte 44 (2004), pp. 181–218. ( online ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Wolfgang Kraushaar : “When will the fight against the holy cow Israel finally begin?” Munich 1970: on the anti-Semitic roots of German terrorism . Rowohlt, Reinbek 2013, ISBN 978-3-49803411-5 , short biography p. 797
  2. ↑ Martin Morlock: PSYCHO . In: Der Spiegel . No. 9 , 1964 ( online - Feb. 26, 1964 ).
  3. ↑ G 'quickly through . In: Der Spiegel . No. 4 , 1964 ( online - Jan. 22, 1964 ).
  4. ^ Klaus Weinhauer: Controlling Control Institutions. Policing Collective Protests in 1960s West Germany. In: Wilhelm Heitmeyer et al. (Ed.): Control of Violence. Historical and International Perspectives on Violence in Modern Societies. Springer, NY 2011, p. 222.
  5. ↑ Martin Winter: Police philosophy and protest policing in the Federal Republic of Germany - from 1960 to national unity in 1990 . In: Hans-Jürgen Lange (Ed.): State, Democracy and Internal Security in Germany . Leske & Budrich, Opladen 2000, p. 207.
  6. ^ David Clay Large: Munich 1972: Tragedy, Terror, and Triumph at the Olympic Games , Plymouth 2012, p. 95.
  7. ^ David Clay Large: Munich 1972: Tragedy, Terror, and Triumph at the Olympic Games , Plymouth 2012, pp. 61f.
  8. ↑ Olympia 1972: The Israeli Olympic team was taken hostage. Retrieved May 7, 2015 .
  9. ^ Matthias Dahlke: Democratic state and transnational terrorism. Three Roads to Intransigence in Western Europe 1972–1975. Oldenbourg, Munich 2011, p. 68.
  10. ↑ Hour of the Commissioners . In: Der Spiegel . No. 16 , 1991 ( online - Apr. 15, 1991 ).
  11. ↑ https://www.tz.de/muenchen/stadt/schwabing-freimann-ort43408/ex-polizeipraesident-manfred-schreiber-89-beerdigt-tz-5009085.html
  12. ↑ https://www.tz.de/muenchen/stadt/schwabing-freimann-ort43408/ex-polizeipraesident-manfred-schreiber-89-beerdigt-tz-5009085.html
predecessor Office successor
Andreas Grasmüller Head of the Munich Criminal Police, Criminal Director
August 1, 1960 to March 4, 1964 		Hermann Haring
Anton Heigl Munich Police President
November 4, 1963 to May 5, 1983 		Gustav Haring
Wilhelm Botz
Heinrich Boge 		Head of the Police Department in the Federal Ministry of the Interior , Ministerialdirektor
1984 to 1988 		Wolfgang Schreiber
personal data
SURNAME Schreiber, Manfred
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German police chief
DATE OF BIRTH April 3, 1926
PLACE OF BIRTH Hof (Saale)
DATE OF DEATH May 6, 2015