Statius of Düren

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The Fürstenhof in Wismar
Former house at Braunstraße 4 in Lübeck before 1890

Statius von Düren (* around 1520; † probably before 1570) was a terracotta sculptor who probably came from Düren and was documented in Lübeck from 1550 to 1565 .

Works

The workshop of Statius von Düren, which was built in Lübeck in the 1540s, supplied terracottas as molded and portrait stone slabs from its own production , which were preferred in the North German brick Renaissance to embellish brick facades on secular buildings . Terracottas from his workshop west of the old town in front of the Holsten Gate were and are in Lübeck town houses, on the Renaissance wings of Schwerin Castle , Gadebusch Castle , the prince's court in Wismar , the manor house of Bothkamp built by Johann Rantzau and in Flensburg and Stralsund , however also in the museum of Næstved in Denmark . The outer mill gate in Lübeck, which no longer exists , was also decorated with Düren's terracottas. The motifs combined Italian classic motifs with Dutch and North German formal language. In his ornamentation Statius von Düren draws on models by the Westphalian painter Heinrich Aldegrever .

Terracotta as a Gothic building sculpture in Northern Germany

As early as the Gothic period, terracotta was occasionally used in church construction and in the construction of public buildings to loosen up large areas of brick masonry. The technology first came to Lübeck via the church building from Wismar . The two friezes on the church of the castle monastery , which was broken off in 1818, have unfortunately only survived in the form of a drawing. Glazed terracottas can also be found sparingly and sparingly on the north tower of Lübeck's Marienkirche and on the north side of St. Petri . Later, the city architects Peck took up the design element again in 1444 for the castle gate and the neighboring stables and his successor Helmstede in 1477 for the Holstentor . In none of these cases, however, was the use of terracotta as a design element and its expansion promoted by the use of plastic in construction.

Terracotta in the North German Renaissance

The outer mill gate with two terracotta friezes on the Lübeck cityscape by Elias Diebel , 1552

Only with the workshop of Statius von Düren, which was documented by excavations in the area of ​​Hansestrasse in the Lübeck district of St. Lorenz Süd, in the middle of the 16th century, his terracottas began to spread spatially in north-east Germany. Here were false fires found from terracotta that exactly correspond to the shape patterns of the Mecklenburg locks. The serial production of the contemporary motifs also made it possible for private individuals to purchase private residential and commercial buildings. Perhaps even more important: the frieze as a design element met the taste of the times of the Renaissance to emphasize and emphasize the horizontal. Important for Statius von Düren as a further factor in his business, which was booming so quickly: he had found a capital partner in the wealthy businessman Gerd Reuter . The house at Braunstraße 4 in Lübeck, which is richly decorated with terracottas, also belonged to this , some authors even suspect a model house of the time.

Individual occurrences of terracottas

Schleswig and Holstein

In Lübeck:

Triptych Law and Grace , Fleischhauerstraße 25
Statius von Düren-Haus Lübeck, sample run 3
  • At the former customs office (1571) next to the castle gate there is a terracotta frieze in which the reliefs of the Lüb eagle alternate with the Lüb coat of arms and the Mecklenburg griffin.
  • Renaissance house with stepped gable in Depenau 31: Frieze with the triptych “Law and Grace” framed by four portrait medallions
  • House Fleischhauerstraße 25: Triptych “Law and Grace” framed by a medallion of prophets. The portal with the Taustab profile and the terracottas have been preserved from the previous building of this brick Expressionist brick building from 1924 .
  • The old terracottas on the Wilhelminian-style historic building Hundestrasse 19/23, which the Hanseatic City of Lübeck built in 1899 to create apartments for the fire brigade, are not original, but built for further use .
  • In Mengstrasse 27, under the continuous band of terracotta frieze above the representative portal of the merchant's house, the Reformation triptych “Law and Grace” can be found.
  • At the merchant's house at Mengstrasse 48, the terracottas from Dürens were attached to the side wing of the building on the courtyard side when the street facade was converted.
  • The Haus Musterbahn 3 is a historicizing new building from the 1880s in the neo-renaissance style. The terracottas ( hermen pilasters and medallions) are, however, mostly old, they have only been supplemented with new reliefs. They were previously in the house at Braunstraße 4 and originally date from 1549.
  • The two Renaissance gabled houses at Wahmstrasse 35 and 37 are connected via the motifs of the triptych. There are only two out of three panels on each facade. No. 35 shows the outer tablets of the Fall and Resurrection; 37 the central panel with the crucifixion and the right one with the resurrection.

In other cities in Schleswig-Holstein:

Mecklenburg, Western Pomerania and Brandenburg

Denmark

Coat of arms of the mountain drivers

In the museum of the Holy Spirit Hospital in the Danish city of Næstved, there is a terracotta with the coat of arms of the corporation of mountain drivers . The same plates were also on the demolished Schütting of the mountain drivers in Lübeck, the Lobben.

literature

  • Hartwig Beseler (ed.): Art topography Schleswig-Holstein. Neumünster 1974
  • John Eimers: The workshop of Statius von Düren in: Nordelbingien 3, 1924, pp. 133-277
  • Klaus J. Groth : World Heritage Lübeck. Listed houses. Schmidt-Römhild Lübeck 1999. ISBN 3-7950-1231-7
  • L. Meurer: Statius von Düren - the great Renaissance master builder in Lübeck . In: Heimatblätter (Düren) 16, 1939, No. 2
  • Friedrich Sarre : The Fürstenhof zu Wismar and the North German terracotta architecture in the Renaissance era. Berlin 1890.
  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, reprint Schwerin 1992. ISBN 3-910179-06-1
  • Wilhelm Stier : Lübeck terracottas and Statius von Düren. In: The car . 1958, pp. 44-51
  • Sven Wallasch: Terracotta as building ceramics from the Middle Ages to modern times . In: International Journal for Building Repairs and Monument Preservation 4 (1998)
  • Grete Grewolls: Who was who in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. The dictionary of persons . Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 2011, ISBN 978-3-356-01301-6 , p. 2295 .

Web links

Commons : Statius von Düren  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Stier, p. 44, with reference to: Hugo Rahtgens: Gotische Terrakottenfriese in Lübeck In: Yearbook of the Museum for Art and Cultural History in Lübeck, 1916/1919.
  2. So also: Stier, p. 47.
  3. ^ Beseler, p. 104
  4. ^ Beseler, p. 118
  5. Beseler, p. 124
  6. KJ Groth, p. 154 ff.
  7. Beseler, p. 133; KJ Groth, p. 253 ff.
  8. ^ Beseler, p. 145
  9. ^ Beseler, p. 147
  10. ^ Beseler, p. 147
  11. ^ Beseler, p. 133