Street fans
A street fan is a fan-shaped arrangement of streets and paths .
history
Street fans emerged mainly in urban planning , architecture and garden art of the Baroque and absolutism , the planning of which aimed at the artistic interlocking of building, street, square, city and landscape as an expression of comprehensive mastery. Traffic areas were laid out in such a way that they run axially from several directions towards a central point of view ( point de vue ). Significant buildings and monuments were often erected at the common escape and focal point of such visual axes . In addition to artistic design, street fans were used to direct traffic to central points and squares, for example at the entrances to fortified cities .
Street fans consisting of only three axes are also referred to as a (street) three-beam or a patte d'oie (French: goose foot).
Examples
An early example of a street fan is the urban configuration of Via del Corso , Via del Babuino and Via di Ripetta in Rome , which run axially towards Piazza del Popolo and the Obelisco Flaminio, which was erected there in 1589 . This system goes back to the building policy of Sixtus V , who wanted to direct the streams of pilgrims in Rome to important junctions and pilgrimage sites in the city through extensive road axes.
A road subjects as complex traffic control represents the unrealized project Place de France in Paris by Jacques Aleaume (1562-1627) and Claude Chastillon from 1610. In the form of an eight-pointed fan the traffic should a city gate in the Paris city walls are steered .
An influential example of a street fan is the three-beam of the Place d'Armes (Avenue de Saint-Cloud, Avenue de Paris and Avenue de Sceaux) on the city side of the Palace of Versailles , the focal point of which is the Palace.
The city of Karlsruhe , founded in 1715 by Karl III. Wilhelm von Baden-Durlach was built as an ideal and planned city , its historical core consists of a hunting star , the southern section of which is expanded into a nine-ray street fan. In the center of the complex is the tower of Karlsruhe Palace . The fan-shaped floor plan earned Karlsruhe the nickname “fan city”.
The French Pierre L'Enfant was commissioned by George Washington to design a floor plan for the "Federal City" Washington, DC . L'Enfant's Plan of the City of Washington , published in 1792, contained a large number of large avenues running diagonally to the grid on a right-angled street grid, which were oriented in a star or fan shape towards important buildings such as the White House and the Capitol . Versailles or Williamsburg, Virginia are named as models , but efforts to develop an independent American architecture were in the background. One of the city maps available to L'Enfant was one of the city of Karlsruhe, which Thomas Jefferson brought with him after a visit there in 1788.
Following the urban model of the Piazza del Popolo, Frederick I , King of Prussia , had today's Mehringplatz built in his capital Berlin in 1734 on the Berlin customs and excise wall. From this square at Hallesches Tor , originally called a roundabout , a three-beam from Lindenstrasse , Friedrichstrasse and Wilhelmstrasse led the traffic to the area of Berlin's Friedrichstadt .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Werner Müller, Gunther Vogel: dtv-Atlas zur Baukunst. Boards and texts . Volume 2: Building History from Romanticism to the Present . Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-423-03021-6 , p. 439
- ↑ Tiré de la Topographie francoise ou representations de plusieurs villes, bourgs, chasteaux, plans, forteresses, vestiges d'antiquité, maisons modern et autres du royaume de France , Boisseau, Paris, 1655
- ↑ Egon Verheyen, Don A. Hawkins: Comments on the planning of St. Petersburg and Washington D. C. In: Clear and bright as a rule - planned cities of the modern age. Exhibition catalog, Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe 1990, ISBN 3-7650-9026-3 , p. 217 f.
- ↑ Harald Klinke: Thomas Jefferson's travel report from 1788. A source on the history of the city of Karlsruhe. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 155 (2007) pp. 299–312.
- ^ Stefan Hirtz: Borders and city gates of Berlin. Positions of the gate systems in the city plan and their influence on the cityscape . Master's thesis, Free University of Berlin, Berlin 2000, p. 113 ( Google Books )