Marsh pea
| Marsh pea | ||||||||||||
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Marsh pea ( Lathyrus palustris ) |
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| Lathyrus palustris | ||||||||||||
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The swamp pea ( Lathyrus palustris ) is a species of plant in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) of the genus Lathyrus . It is widespread in the northern hemisphere in Eurasia and in eastern North America .
description
Appearance and leaf
The swamp pea is a climbing, perennial herbaceous plant with thin, knotty bottom runners. The vegetative parts of the plant above ground are mostly completely bare and of a sea-green color. The climbing or prostrate stem is 30 to 100 centimeters long, simple or branched and with the narrow wings 2 to 4 mm wide.
The alternate leaves are shorter or slightly longer than the internodes and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is relatively short and hardly winged. The pinnate leaf blade has two or three, rarely five pairs of short-stalked leaflets with strong, simple or mostly branchy tendrils . With a length of 3 to 6 centimeters and a width of 3 to 8 millimeters, the leaflets are mostly lanceolate with mostly a pointed upper end. The bluish-green leaflets, slightly lighter on the underside, usually have five longitudinal nerves. The stipules are half-arrow-shaped to half-spear-shaped, more or less as long or slightly shorter than the petiole and often without distinct nerves.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering period extends from June to August. The racemose inflorescences are about as long as the leaves and have a thin, curved axis. They consist of two to six short stalks in the axils of subtle, decrepit bracts. The flowers give off a faint scent. The nodding, hermaphrodite flowers are 1.5 to almost 2 centimeters long, zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are short bell-shaped, very crooked and the calyx ends in lanceolate, often short calyx teeth. The lower calyx teeth are about as long as the calyx tube and the upper ones are strongly curved upwards and much shorter. The five light blue-violet to purple-colored petals stand together in the typical shape of the butterfly flower . The flag has a fairly long nail and an obovate plate. This is a little longer than the wings and the whitish boat .
Fruit and seeds
The protruding to nodding, when ripe, chestnut-brown legumes are about 3 to 4 cm long and 6 to 7 mm wide, slightly puffy and narrowed briefly at both ends. They have strongly protruding network nerves and usually contain nine to twelve seeds .
The rather smooth and reddish-brown seeds are almost spherical with a diameter of about 3.5 millimeters.
Chromosome set
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42.
Occurrence and endangerment
The Lathyrus palustris is on the northern hemisphere in Central and Northern Europe to Scandinavia and Iceland , Ireland , Belgium , France , Iberian Peninsula , Apennine -Halbinsel, Balkans , Ukraine , Siberia , Sakhalin , Japan and eastern North America widespread.
The swamp pea grows in reed swamps, lake meadows and alluvial bushes. It is a character species of the order Molinietalia and occurs particularly in societies of the association Cnidion dubii but also the association Magnocaricion.
Lathyrus palustris seems to have reached many of today's locations in Central Europe only after 1700. It can permanently colonize reeds, lake shores, etc. only where there are not regular strong fluctuations in the water level, especially floods. The swamp flat pea therefore only extends as far up the Alpine rivers as larger lake basins mitigate the fluctuations in water level. At least in northern Germany, however, this flat pea is a type of floodplain. It is also related to its narrow location requirements that this species hardly ever migrates to artificial locations. The swamp flat pea is only found more frequently in some places in Germany; so especially in the Elbe and Danube regions. In most of the other German regions, it is rarely found.
Hazard in Germany: Category 3+ = endangered.
literature
- Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe , Volume 4, Part 3: Dicotyledones . Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin and Hamburg 1975, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 .
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke (founder), Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. 1972, Paul Parey Publishing House, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 (former title: Illustrierte Flora von Deutschland ).
- Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold , Georg Philippi : The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg, Volume 2: Special part . Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Schwabe, Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora. 6th edition Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition, Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pages 617-618.
Web links
- Marsh pea. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Marsh pea . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Lathyrus palustris L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 25, 2015.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- [1] [2] Herbarium specimens from The Linnean Collections .
