Taberg
| Taberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| height | 342.8 m above sea level | |
| location | Småland , Sweden | |
| Mountains | South Swedish highlands | |
| Coordinates | 57 ° 40 '44 " N , 14 ° 4' 54" E | |
|
||
| rock | Titanomagnetite-Olivinite | |
| Age of the rock | 1.2 billion years ( Mesoproterozoic ) | |
| Development | Road to the top | |
The Taberg is a 342.8-meter-high mountain in the north of Småland , about 13 kilometers southwest of Jonkoping . It is located on the western outskirts of the eponymous crime scene Taberg and is the fifth highest point or mountain in Småland after Tomtabacken , Huluberg , Haddeberga and an unnamed plateau near the village of Äng and the third highest mountain in the southern Swedish highlands after Tomtabacken and Galtåsen . The mountain consists of two peaks, the 342.8 m high Södtoppen (south summit) and the 341.2 m high Västtoppen ( west summit ).
There is a rest house and a mountain chapel at the southern summit . When the weather is nice, the view from the approximately 120 m high mountain extends for around 70 km, based on the level of the place.
In 1985 the mountain and a 64 hectare area around it were declared a nature reserve .
Description and geology
The approximately 900 m long and 450 m wide ridge runs in a north-north-west-south-south-east direction west of the town of Taberg . The mountain is the rare case of an iron ore deposit that is not in the ground, but above ground as an ore mountain. While the wooded end flattens out in the northwest, the mountain drops steeply in the southeast due to centuries of mining.
The Taberg was formed around 1.2 billion years ago when magma rose from the earth's interior during an earthquake and came to the surface. While the surrounding lava masses and the resulting mountains have been eroded over the past millions of years , the Taberg was the only elevation that remained. It consists mainly of the rare rock titanomagnetitolivinite , which is only found in Rhode Island in the USA (where the concentration is much lower, however). The main component of titanomagnetite-olivinite is iron ore magnetite with around 32% , plus another 58 minerals, mainly various olivines as well as alloys or impure forms of the metals titanium (≈ 6%) and vanadium (≈ 0.15-0.20%) . The high content of the latter ensured that the Swedish geologist Nils Gabriel Sefström succeeded in rediscovering vanadium, which was described as erythronium from Mexican lead ore as early as 1801, when the Taberg iron ore was dissolved in hydrochloric acid .
The titanomagnetitolivinite is a hyperite that belongs to the basalt rocks . The hyperites occur in southern Sweden in several places within the Protoginzone, an elongated fault zone that separates the Svekonorwegian rocks to the west and the Svekofennian rocks to the east. An essential characteristic of the fine to medium-grained rock is the dark color, ranging from dark brown to black. Occasionally there are also traces of light-colored minerals.
In a landslide in 1990, around 100 cubic meters of rock fell off above the Jönköping - Vaggeryd railway line , making it temporarily inaccessible.
Flora and fauna
A total of 400 different flowering plants and ferns have been discovered around the mountain , with the region being the northernmost growth limit for some and the southernmost growth limit for others. The Olivingestein forms a perfect breeding ground for the weathering especially ferns, so there also, for example, the brown-green Spleenwort growing, which is otherwise mainly spread in the Central European mountains.
With a total of 309 different types of moss , including six endangered mosses such as the nodding pohlmoss or the green goblin moss (Buxbaumia viridis), the Taberg also has one of the highest moss varieties in Sweden. Due to the slightly alkaline soils, there are also many other plants that are rare in Sweden, such as the spiked speedwell . More often grow on the mountain meadows nasty Quaking , arnica , ordinary Katzenpfötchen , yellow rock rose , ordinary finials , Field Wormwood , Pigeon Skabiose , Festuca gigantea , Mount St. John's wort , bristly bluebells , Bird Nestzwurze and Spring cowbells .
The sand lizard can occasionally be seen, especially on sunlit rocks, although it is rarely seen even in southern Sweden due to the climatic conditions. Common birds, particularly at the foot of the mountain, are the dipper and the gray wagtail , and kingfishers can occasionally be seen . Around 10 of the 18 bat species found in Sweden overwinter in the tunnel system, which is over 1.5 km long .
Mining
North of the Taberges were in archaeological excavations around 1000 years Bekohlungsgruben and furnaces for processing of bog iron discovered. With the help of the C14 method , these could be dated to the period 965-1310 AD.
While initially only stones were processed from breaking crowds, was mined at Taberg in the 13th century in tunnels underground iron ore . A little later, the Taberger iron ore was known throughout Europe for its excellent quality and toughness. By royal decrees of 1618 and 1621, the Taberg was officially declared a mining area, for which five smelting groups were formed, which were obliged to mine ore and to keep the blast furnaces in operation. In the middle of the 18th century, the ore extracted was melted in a total of 14 blast furnaces and processed by numerous companies. The heyday of Taberger mining was in the middle of the 19th century. Around 25% of the population in the area at that time were directly or indirectly dependent on mining in processing companies such as blast furnaces, forges , foundries, etc. By 1890, however, the importance of mining decreased significantly, so that production was discontinued in 1890.
Most of the ore was mined from 1939 during the Second World War in order to meet the great demand from Germany for the armaments industry. In the first 15 years after the mine was brought back into operation, more ore was mined until 1954 than in around 300 years before. The mine was closed in 1962 because the operator, Uddeholms AG, wanted to concentrate on ore mining in the Finnmossen mine. A total of two million tons of ore were extracted from a depth of up to 520 m underground.
In the 1970s, the idea briefly came up to mine vanadium in the mountain , but this was discarded due to the oil crisis in 1973 .
Nature reserve
In 1985 the Swedish Nature Conservation Association acquired the mining rights on the mountain to prevent further ore mining and the construction of ski slopes. The district government provided 64 hectares of land and the mountain itself, so that the area was declared a nature reserve in 1986 . The Taberg nature reserve has also been part of the Natura 2000 network for a number of years .
tourism
The mountain is a popular tourist and hiking destination. In the summer months, guided tours into the tunnels are offered and the dirt road to the south summit is open to car traffic.
A permanent exhibition about Taberg ore mining is located north not far from the mountain in the Norrahammar Industrial Museum.
Hiking trails
A total of three signposted hiking trails, Masungsstigen, Bergtempelstigen and Järnmalmsstigen, lead up the mountain, each of which can be tackled in around 15-30 minutes. The 35 km long second stage of the Södra Vätterleden from Bottnaryd to Huskvarna leads over the Taberg.
Say
The following legend exists about the origin of the mountain and Vättern :
A meteor crashed to earth at breakneck speeds 1,300 million years ago. He landed in Askersund and then plowed a furrow south in the earth's crust. Today is the furrow of the Vättern and the valley of the Tabergs. The mountain itself consists of the meteor.
A mysterious mountain troll has been said to have lived in the mountain since the 13th century, whose calls can be heard occasionally. It is stylized in the Taberges logo.
review
Due to its biological diversity, Carl von Linné referred to the mountain as the Miracle of Småland (Swedish: Smålands mirakel ) during a visit in 1741 .
Web links
- Official website about the Taberg (Swedish)
- Official website about the Taberg (English, smaller scope)
- Full list of minerals contained in the mountain
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Exact height of the two peaks , taberg.info, accessed on October 21, 2010
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Brochure from the Jönköping Tourist Office about the Taberg , taberg.info, PDF, accessed on October 21, 2010 (Swedish)
- ↑ a b c d e f g short information page about the Taberg , taberg.info, accessed on October 21, 2010
- ↑ a b c d e f trilingual brochure (sv., En., Dt.) About the Taberg ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , jonkoping.se, PDF, accessed October 21, 2010
- ↑ Rock analysis and description of the Taberg , Kristallin.de, accessed on October 22, 2010
- ↑ Taberg-ABC with interesting facts worth knowing , taberg.info, accessed on October 21, 2010
- ↑ Brief information about the Taberg ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , jonkoping.se, accessed October 21, 2010 (Swedish)
- ↑ http://www.taberg.info/gruvan/
- ↑ http://www.taberg.info/gruvbrytning.asp
