Medium quaking grass

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Medium quaking grass
Medium trembling grass (Briza media), illustration

Medium trembling grass ( Briza media ), illustration

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Genre : Trembling grasses ( Briza )
Type : Medium quaking grass
Scientific name
Briza media
L.

The middle trembling grass ( Briza media ), also known as common or common trembling grass , is a grass belonging to the sweet grass family (Poaceae) of poor meadows and pastures. It is mainly characterized by its heart-shaped spikelets and known as ornamental grass.

description

The middle trembling grass is a perennial plant that forms loose lawns over short, underground rhizomes. It reaches heights of growth between 20 and 100 centimeters. The thin, smooth stalks grow upright. The smooth leaf sheaths are closed. The hairless, smooth leaf blades with rough edges have a thin, short tip. They reach up to 15 centimeters in length and 2 to 4 millimeters in width. The ligule is designed as a narrow, 1 to 2 millimeter wide border.

The inflorescence is a loose, spreading and pyramidal panicle with long thin and rough panicle branches. The 3 to 14-flowered, long-stalked spikelets are 4 to 7 millimeters long. They are broadly ovate to heart-shaped and often tinged with red-violet.

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 14.

ecology

The middle trembling grass is a hemicryptophyte . The flowers are homogeneous and windy. Due to the air between the caryopses and the husks , the fruits have a very low specific weight and can be spread as balloon fliers by the wind. If it is wet, it can also spread through animals and as a rain wash.

Medium trembling grass in the Südheide Nature Park
Existence in the Südheide Nature Park
Medium quaking grass in Keila, Estonia
Stem with foliage and ligule
Spikelets

Distribution and location

The middle trembling grass occurs throughout Europe and in temperate Asia to Siberia and China from the plains to the mountains. It also thrives in Macaronesia . It is the only quaking grass species found in Germany. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in Bavaria on the eastern descent of the Hochgrat , at the Laufbach church and in the Tyrolean part on the Heuberg near Häselgehr up to 1800 m above sea level.

The middle trembling grass is found widespread in poor meadows and pastures. It is a light plant and a thin indicator; therefore it disappears very quickly on fertilized ground. With regard to the type of soil, it is otherwise not very demanding. It tolerates drought well at times, but does not become unable to compete if it is temporarily wet. In the Alps it rises to the tree line .

It is a class character of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea , the societies of the economic grassland and a leanness indicator. Above all, it occurs in companies of the Mesobromion Association.

Danger

In the Red List of Plants in Germany (Red List of Fern and Flowering Plants), the medium trembling grass is classified in category “V” (warning level).

Taxonomy

The scientific name Briza media was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum .

use

Briza media is often cultivated as an ornamental grass because of its attractive spikelets. The cattle like to eat the undergrass as hay.

Common names

The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the medium trembling grass, in part only regionally : Bäbergras ( Mecklenburg ), Bewergras (Mecklenburg), Bewerke ( Göttingen ), Biwerke (Göttingen), Bibbernägelk ( Altmark ), Chörbligras ( St. Gallen ), Our dear women flax, Flemmel ( Silesia ) , Flea flowers ( St. Gallen in Toggenburg ), Hasenbrod (in Westrich ), Hasenbrödle ( Augsburg ), Hasengras, Hasenörlin ( Odenwald , Rheinpfalz ), I respect his not (Silesia), Virgin hair ( axes ), Klepp earth (Augsburg), lice ( Hesse ), Middelburg ( Northern Germany , low German ), lady tears ( Carinthia ) savage Tuft ( Tirol in Pinzgau ) Vlinkern (Göttingen), Vlinseke (Göttingen), Wäntelegras (St. Gallen near Obertoggenburg ), cedars, trembling grass (Carinthia, Ulm ), trembling lice (Hesse), Zitterli ( Switzerland ), Zitterln ( Swabia near Ulm and Memmingen , St. Gallen) and crypts.

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literature

  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Charles Edward Hubbard: Grasses. Description, distribution, use (=  UTB . Volume 233 ). 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1985, ISBN 3-8001-2537-4 (English: Grasses . Translated by Peter Boeker).
  • Ernst Klapp , Wilhelm Opitz von Boberfeld : Paperback of the grasses . Recognition and determination, location and socialization, evaluation and use. 12th revised edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-489-72710-X .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 94-95 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen. Interactive flora of Germany. Seeing - determining - knowing. The key to the flora . CD-ROM, version 2.0. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2004, ISBN 3-494-01368-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Briza media. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 3, 2016.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 178.
  4. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 70 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D70%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
  5. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 67, online.

Web links

Commons : Mittleres Zittergras  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files