Theodor Rocholl (painter)

Self-Portrait, 1916

Theodor Rocholl (born June 11, 1854 in Sachsenberg , Waldeck , † September 13, 1933 in Düsseldorf ) was a German painter, graphic artist and writer.

He was based in Düsseldorf, where he had a stately villa, the Vionville House (Rocholl House) built. He was best known for his photo reports from the front of several wars and other battle paintings as well as landscapes, portraits and illustrations.

He is also known as the initiator of the North Hessian nature reserve Urwald Sababurg - there he created numerous forest and landscape images.

Life

House Vionville built from 1893 to 1894 by the architects Klein & Dörschel .

Theodor Rocholl was the son of the Lutheran theologian Rudolf Rocholl , his nephew was the historian and archivist Hans Schubert . He spent a few years of his childhood in Breese im Bruche from 1861 . From 1867 he lived in Göttingen and did his one-year service there . From 1871 he studied painting with Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld and Ludwig Richter in Dresden , from 1872 to 1877 in Munich with Carl Theodor von Piloty and from 1878 to 1883 in Düsseldorf with Eduard Gebhardt and Wilhelm Sohn , since 1880 as a master student. Rocholl was friends with the painter Hugo Mühlig during his time in Dresden . In Düsseldorf he found war and battle painting . In the broadest sense he is assigned to the Düsseldorf School of Painting . From 1883 to 1884 he lived in Breslau , then again in Düsseldorf, and in 1890 in Saint Petersburg. In November 1888 Rocholl married Bertha de Raadt in Düsseldorf.

The success that his first battle paintings found encouraged the young artist to further and more extensive work in this field. He became one of the most famous military and battle painters of his time. His often large-format pictures are characterized by their impressionistic, relaxed style of painting and their liveliness. Rocholl has received several awards.

According to his own statements, he was a "painter on six fronts" and took part in the Turkish-Greek War in 1897 as a painter and draftsman . From 1900 to 1901 he created a series of paintings and drawings of the German China expedition (the suppression of the so-called Boxer Rebellion ), and in 1908 a series of pictures of the construction of the Baghdad Railway on behalf of Deutsche Bank . As a war painter he took part in the Turkish-Albanian War in 1910/1911 , and in the First World War from 1914 to 1918 .

After World War I, in which Rocholl's son was killed, the need for war-themed paintings decreased and Rocholl turned to landscape and horse paintings.

Rocholl, whose son of the same name was an actor, died in 1933 after a traffic accident in Düsseldorf. The abdicated Kaiser Wilhelm II condoled the widow from his exile in the Netherlands.

Works

This directory is representative because there is no catalog of works. Given the range of Rocholl works in private ownership and museums, completeness cannot be expected.

The Hofgeismar City Museum looks after Theodor Rocholl's life's work with collecting and research; the museum has a total of around 650 originals (drawings, watercolors, paintings of various sizes and themes). The catalog raisonné, which has been continuously compiled since 1980, is available in the museum and to date has recorded several thousand of Rocholl's works.

The most important paintings by Theodor Rocholl from 1877 to 1933

Uhlans in maneuvers, 1929

Old Neumann's team at the Sababurger Mühle in front of the trees of the jungle, 1906

Primeval forest oak, 1927

Oil painting

Information about the motif in () after the title; Information on the whereabouts and awards in () at the end of the entries

• Till Eulenspiegel , first painting by the painter, 1877 (Mr. Grawyer in Dover, New Hampshire, USA).
• Bounced, Landsknechte fleeing from peasants , 1879 (Towler MP, London).
• From our maneuvers. Examining troop, five soldiers rest ... , 1880.
• Sneak patrol , 1881.
• Past. Episode from 1870 , 1885 (Bradford, North America).
• On outposts. Two cuirassiers at the edge of the forest , 1886.
• Episode from the Battle of Vionville on August 16, 1870. Sergeant Kaiser saves Lieutenant Count Sierstorpf , 1886.
• The attack of the 7th cuirassiers at Vionville (Battle of Vionville on August 16, 1870), 1887.
• Germanic migration , 1888 (1905 studio & gallery "The Reinhardswaldmaler" Sababurg / Gottsbüren).
• Vedette (cuirassier).
• Three officers , no year, signed.
• A cuirassier of the 2nd Heavy Rider Regiment , Breslau 1885.
• Front runner , Stettin 1887.
• Outpost battle. Cuirassiers blasting out of the forest , 1889.
• Wounded soldier (detailed study on the Franco-Prussian War 1870/1871), 1889.
• Victoria (Protestant Pedagogy, Godesberg).
• Outpost skirmishes (private gallery Greef, New York).
• Kaiser Wilhelm's last military show , 1889 (Museum of the City of Stettin).
• 7. Cuirassiers , 1889.
• King Wilhelm's ride around Sedan the day after the battle , 1890 (City of Lindau, previously Galerie Henneberg in Zurich).
• Battle for the standard. Episode from the Battle of Vionville , 1891 (first solution of this motif, Städt. Galerie Düsseldorf).
• Equestrian portrait (Uhlan major), 1891.
• Zum Eulenspiegel von Wittlaer , 1891, oil on copper plate.
• A hussar stroke. Liberation of the wounded of the Bredow Brigade from captivity in the Ferme Mogador by a patrol of the 15th Hussars , 1892 (Golden Medal, Munich 1892).
• Death ride of the Bredow Brigade near Vionville ( Barmen Hall of Fame ).
• Latecomer in a victorious attack (Städt. Galerie Düsseldorf).
• Attack by the 82s on Fröschweiler (officers' mess , Göttingen).
• Blücher near Ligny (officers' mess, Koblenz).
• The 2nd Hanover Dragoon Regiment No. 16 . Equestrian battle of Mars-la-Tour (casino of the former Dragoon Regiment No. 16, Lüneburg).
• Colonel v. Cranach, Mars-la-Tour, 25th Infantry Brigade (officers' mess, Wesel).
• Attack by the Schmettow Brigade near Vionville (Karl Ernst Osthaus Museum, Hagen).
• Kaiser Wilhelm's last army show , small version (Hohenzollern Museum / Monbijou Castle, Berlin).
• The 10th grenadiers regiment near Groß-Görschen (officers' mess, Schweidnitz).
• Carl F. Deiker (portrait).
• Waldrast. A cuirassier on his black horse stops in a shallow forest stream , 1892.
• Attack repulsed , 1892.
• 1870 , 1893.
• Cheers to the king. Colonel von Auerswald, who was fatally wounded in the battle of Mars-la-Tour, cheers the king and then collapses , 1894 (former casino of the 1st Guards Dragoons / 1st Cavalry Division, Berlin).
• Waldrast. A cuirassier on his black horse stops in a forest stream , small version, Altenberg 1894.
• Hussar on horseback (“The people of Nuremberg don't hang, they'd have him”), 1894.
• Evening of the Battle of Gravelotte , 1894.
• Remonte of the 5th Uhlan Regiment , 1896.
• Prince Bismarck and the German ironworkers 1896 (Städt. Museum, Düsseldorf).
• A saddle drink .
• Portrait of Field Marshal Graf Waldersee ( Hauptkadettenanstalt , Berlin-Lichterfelde ).
• Entry of Count Waldersee into Beijing (Army Museum, Potsdam).
• Portrait of a German Officer (Werner Rabe von Pappenheim), 1900.
• Fight for Ho phu (during the suppression of the "Boxer Rebellion" in China, 1900/1901).
• Murderer of the German ambassador von Kettler , 1901.
• Count York's train to Kalgan (Army Museum, Potsdam).
• The main sire Ideal (gold medal, St. Louis 1907, Chamber of Agriculture Bonn).
• Circassian booty (Ing. De Bries, Kassel).
• The Karachiuma spring in Thessaly with Turkish Inwaris (Städt. Galerie Düsseldorf).
• Attack by Turkish infantry regiments near Domokos (in the Turkish-Greek War 1897), painted on behalf of Sultan Abdul Hamid II .
• Cuirassiers walk through a forest stream (Museum Düren).
• Attack of the 1st cuirassiers at Porpry (Chamberlain Johnston, Breslau).
• Emperor's reception in the courtyard of Burg an der Wupper Castle (Burg Castle).
• The emperor welcomes the miners ( Lothringen colliery after 300 miners have been buried).
• Children playing (school), 1904.
• The emperor appoints himself chief of the regiment Jäger auf Horses Nr. 1 , 1905 (officers' mess, Posen).
• Emperor Friedrich III. (Rathaussaal, Oberhausen).
• Privy Councilor Schmaltz at the lecture (University of Veterinary Medicine, Berlin).
• Large equestrian image ( Cavalry School Hanover ).
• Albanian with fur hat (portrait), 1911.
• Mother Ey in the Chinese Salon (portrait), Düsseldorf 1912 (private collection).
• At Mauerpark , Sababurg 1913.
• Uhlans in maneuvers (studio & gallery "The Reinhardswaldmaler" Sababurg / Gottsbüren).
• The German people's youth (mural in the auditorium of the Evangelisches Pädagogium, Godesberg, burned with the auditorium in 1921).
• Sedan. Our people's manhood (mural in the auditorium of the Evangelisches Pädagogium, Godesberg, burned with the auditorium in 1921).
• The 14th hunters near Champigny (officers' mess, Kolmar).
• Hand grenade storm 1918 (Officer's Casino, Bremen).
• Our riders behind Riga, the Kasaken on their heels (Mrs. E. Rocholl, Düsseldorf).
• The day of Fleury and Douaumont (officers' mess, Rheine).
• On the day of the storming of Thierry and Douaumont (Galerie Stahl-Becker, Zurich).
• Infantry Regiment 13 in front of Totenallee 1870 (painted on behalf of the city of Münster for Infantry Regiment 13 for the 100th anniversary).
• The day before Kemmel (memorial hall of the Konrad-Duden-Gymnasium, Wesel).
• Spring offensive 1918 (Gauleitung of the NSDAP, Düsseldorf).
• War guns (Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach collection, Essen).
• Roebuck , 1922.
• Red Holstein bull in the spring garden , 1922.
• Grazing cows in Sababurg , 1923 (studio & gallery “Der Reinhardswaldmaler” Sababurg / Gottsbüren).
• In the trenches, fight for height 265 , later execution, 1927.
• Schlageter monument , last picture that was not completely painted, 1933.

Watercolors and gouaches

The Great Wall of China, watercolor, 1901

The 1st Westphalian Field Artillery Regiment No. 7 in the autumn battle near La Bassée-Loos on September 25, 1915 (detail of a painting from 1917 based on a sketch "on the spot" )

Pencil "Portrait Th. Rocholl", 1902

• Cuirassiers on the pursuit of French Reiter , gouache, 1890.
• Transporting prisoners by lancers , gouache, 1890.
• Vedette (Two Uhlans), gouache, 1890.
• Kaiser Friedrich-Cuirassiers , gouache, 1892.
• On outpost , watercolor, 1892.
• Russian baggage train , watercolor, 1892.
• Marauders , without a year.
• Vedette (cuirassier), watercolor, 1892.
• Algiers, lieutenant in uniform on horseback , watercolor, no year.
• Northern Albania, Albanians with mastiff , gouache, 1911.
• In a church at Angres in 1914.
• Anti-aircraft cannons , October 6, 1914.
• View from height 119 of the battlefield at La Noulette , October 9, 1914.
• Height at Notre Dame de Lorette , October 27, 1914.
• My boy Kamus, machine gun company, 13th Infantry Regiment , Fromelles, November 6, 1914.
• Distance estimator , MGKIR13 , no year.
• Field kitchen , November 13, 1914.
• Kitchen team in La Bassée , November 13, 1914.
• Joke figure in front of Fromelles , November 27, 1914.
• Rest on the march without a year.
• Field gun in firing position , November 29, 1914.
• Church in Fromelles , December 4, 1914.
• Foot gunner on horseback , Fromelles, December 5, 1914.
• Field furnace in the trenches , December 14, 1914.
• The detachment in the trenches , December 15, 1914.
• Chess game in a dugout , December 15, 1914.
• Artillery position , gouache, without year.
• Between Ostend and Tourou , July 16, 1915.
• In the trenches , Reuve Chapelle, 1915.
• Infantry in Flanders , 1915.
• Campfire in the bivouac , gouache, signed, no year.
• Cavalry riding on a poplar avenue , monochrome tempera painting, 1917.
• Drawn artillery in winter , 1918.
• Cumieres - Storming of the Cumieres Forest , March 8th 1916, signed. (Rocholl's son fell there.)
• In the Maasbogen - Defensive battles of the Germans , signed in 1918.
• Cavalry horse in winter , 1922.
• Hussar on horseback. "The people of Nuremberg don't hang anyone, they would have it" , gouache, 1931.
• Autumn forest , gouache, signed and dated 1932.
• Horses on Sababurg Castle Hill , gouache, 1932.
• Horses on the Donnebach in front of the Sababurg mill , gouache, 1933.

Drawings and sketches

• France 1871: Victorious Germania , Bismarck, Wilhelm I, Friedrich III , Moltke and Roon .
• Forest loneliness , 20 pen drawings, 1887.
• Gray 4. Escadron (horse head and saddle).
• Horse sketches , Sababurg / Reinhardswald.
• Lt. retired von Schimmelpfennig (portrait), 1897.
• In a cool ground .
• In the smithy 1909 (studio & gallery "The Reinhardswaldmaler" Sababurg / Gottsbüren).
• Hochfelden in the bivouac .
• War volunteer , Angres, October 18, 1914.
• Asleep on the carriage, without a year.

Etching "Wartime" 1894

• Field kitchen cook Adorf , Fromelles, December 6, 1914.
• Night quarters in the open , 1914.
• Cuirassier. Rest with two horses , May 31, 1920.

Etchings

• The robbery , drypoint 1893.
• Wartime , drypoint, 1894.

This directory is representative; given the distribution of Rocholl works in private collections and museums, it cannot be expected to be complete.

Signature and monogram

• Th.Rocholl
• Th.R.

Fonts and illustrations in books

"The German Horse", 1898

"Sketchbook", 1897

• Friedrich Karl Devens : "The German horse" in history in custom, song and legend . With 40 full pictures and over 200 text illustrations by Theodor Rocholl. Complete in 10 deliveries. Commission publishing house EF Steinacker, Leipzig 1898.
• Th. Rocholl's sketchbook from the Greek-Turkish theater of war . Philipp Reclam jun., Leipzig 1897 (with portraits of Rittmeister von Stetten, Baron von Giessel-Gieslingen, Lieutenant von Schimmelpfennig and a self-portrait, among others).
• Kaiser Wilhelm the Great and his time. Anniversary edition 1797/1897 for the centenary commemoration of the birthday of Sr. Majesty Kaiser Wilhelm I. R. Walther's Verlag, Leipzig 1897.
• Germany in China. 1900-1901 . Edited by participants in the expedition. Illustrated by battle painter Rocholl, with contributions by A. Obst a. a. A. Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902 (on the "Boxer Rebellion").
• Heinrich Huebner: D. Rudolf Rocholl. A life and character image. Illustrated by Theodor Rocholl using originals from his father. Lutheran Book Association, Elberfeld 1910.
• Sababurg ( Reinhardswald ) by Theodor Rocholl . Printed by L. Keseberg, Hofgeismar 1910 (28 pages with wood engravings from the Sababurg / Reinhardswald region).
• Theodor Rehtwisch : Battle pictures of the wars of liberation. Illustrated by Theodor Rocholl. Turm-Verlag, Leipzig 1912 (twelve volumes).
• Paul Schreckenbach (ed.): People's book of patriotic poetry . Publishing house of the German Poets' Memorial Foundation, Hamburg-Grossborstel 1913.
• War memories . District Warrior Association Bochum-Land / Wilhelm Stumpf printing works, Bochum 1913.
• War journeys of German painters . Experienced 1914–15. With contributions by Theodor Rocholl u. a. Velhagen & Klasing publishing house, Bielefeld and Leipzig 1915
• Theodor Rocholl: Pictures from the Anatolian Railway. Deutsche Bank- und Disconto-Gesellschaft, Berlin 1918.
• Theodor Rocholl: A painter's life. (On six fronts). Memories. Verlag der Tälichen Rundschau, Berlin 1921.
• Beberbeck and Sababurg. Pictures from the “Zappenburger” stud . Velhagen & Klasings monthly books, vol. 45 (1930/1931), issue 6, February 1931.

literature

in order of appearance

• Wilhelm Schäfer : Theodor Rocholl, a German battle painter . In: Die Rheinlande , Volume 7, Issue 1 (October 1903), p. 1 ff. ( Digitized version )
• Willy Oskar Dreßler (ed.): Dressler's art manual . Second volume. The book of the living German artists, archeologists, art scholars and art writers. Visual arts . Ninth year with the title German visual artists and art historians, Curtius, Berlin 1930.
• Friedrich von Boetticher : Painters Works of the 19th Century , Volume 2. Dresden 1898, pp. 454–456.
• Theodor Rocholl . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 28 : Ramsden-Rosa . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1934, p. 450-451 .
• Gerhard Brüns: Theodor Rocholl. Life and work of a German battle painter . Thiebes, Hagen 1940.
• Wendland village pictures by Th. Rocholl . In: Breeser Blätter , Heft 6, Breese im Bruche 1987.
• Jürgen Wollmann (Red.): The Willingshausen painters 'colony and the Kleinsassen painters' colony . Willingshausen's painting cabinet Wollmann, Schwalmstadt-Treysa 1992, ISBN 3-925665-16-1 .
• The Hameln Art Circle in the Rolf Flemes House, exhibition and catalog 1993, Theodor Rocholl “Landscapes and Histories” .
• Helmut Burmeister, Veronika Jäger (ed.): China 1900. The Boxer Rebellion, the painter Theodor Rocholl and "old China". Accompanying volume for the exhibition at the Hofgeismar City Museum. ( The history of our homeland ; vol. 36). City of Hofgeismar, Hofgeismar 2000.
• Frank Becker: Images of War and Nation. The wars of unification in the German bourgeois public, 1864–1913 . Oldenbourg, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-486-56545-1 (also habilitation thesis, University of Münster 1998); therein p. 556: List of military paintings by Theodor Rocholl (selection).
• Paul Schmaling: Artist Lexicon Hessen-Kassel 1777–2000. With the painters' colonies Willingshausen and Kleinsassen. Jenior, Kassel 2001, ISBN 3-934377-96-3 .
• Encounters in the fairytale forest. The painter Theodor Rocholl (1854–1933) and Reinhardswald . Accompanying volume for the exhibition “Theodor Rocholl and the Reinhardswald”. Stadt Hofgeismar, Hofgeismar 2004 ( The story of our homeland ; Vol. 42).
• Bernd Küster (ed.): The First World War and Art. From propaganda to resistance . Merlin-Verlag, Gifkendorf 2008, ISBN 978-3-87536-266-4 (catalog for the exhibition from April 3 to June 15, 2008 in the State Museum for Art and Cultural History Oldenburg, including pictures by Theodor Rocholl).
• Silke Köhn: Theodor Rocholl 1855–1933 . In: Collector Journal , June 2009, pp. 66–75.
• Oliver Gradel, Silke Köhn: Artists in the Weser Uplands and the Düsseldorf School of Painting. Landscapes in the tri-border region: Hessen - Lower Saxony - Westphalia . Kulturkreis, Höxter 2010 (catalog for the exhibition from August 1 to November 1, 2010 in Corvey Castle).

Web links

Commons : Theodor Rocholl  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Theodor Rocholl in the catalog of the German National Library
• Hofgeismar Museum
• Studio & Gallery "The Reinhardswald Painter" Sababurg: Theodor Rocholl Collection

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Wendland-Lexikon, Volume 2, Lüchow 2008, p. 300.
2. ^ Friedrich Schaarschmidt: On the history of Düsseldorf art, especially in the XIX. Century. published by the Art Association for the Rhineland and Westphalia , Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902, p. 342 f., ( archive.org ).
3. ^ Civil status of the mayor's office in Düsseldorf: November 14, 1888 painter Theodor Rocholl a. Bertha de Raadt , in Düsseldorfer Volksblatt (No. 316) of November 20, 1888
4. ↑ Bettina Preussner: Refuge in pictures of the animated nature . Article from April 1, 2014 in the portal op-marburg.de , accessed on April 22, 2014.
5. ^ An artists' home in Wittlaer: “Brand's Jupp” , accessed on October 16, 2015.