Thomas Aderpul

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Thomas Aderpul , also Aderpful , Aderpol , Aderpoell (* late 15th century; † before March 20, 1557 in Bützow ) was a clergyman during the Reformation who worked in Lübeck and Mecklenburg . His capture by the Bishop of Ratzeburg in 1529 triggered a violent confrontation in Klützer Winkel .

Life

Church in Gressow

Little is known about Veinpuls origin. He is said to have been the son of a small blacksmith from Pritzwalk . As a priest he worked in the city or rather in the Diocese of Lübeck in the first half of the 1520s , where he turned to the Lutheran Reformation. Because of his Reformation agitation, the bishop of Lübeck Heinrich III set him . Bockholt picked him up, held him for a while in the episcopal prison in Eutin and then expelled him from his diocese. Aderpul then went to the Klützer Winkel, where he was accepted by Berend von Plesse on Tressow. At this point he was already married. In 1526, Plesse made it possible for him to serve as a parish priest in the village church of Gressow , to whose parish Tressow belonged. The bishop of Ratzeburg , Georg von Blumenthal , who exercised spiritual supervision and authority in Gressow , had Aderpul, who in his opinion was a boy and a heretic , arrested at the beginning of December 1529 and locked in dungeon at his castle in Schönberg . All efforts by Berend von Plesse to get Aderpul free again through Duke Heinrich V of Mecklenburg , failed because of the intransigence of the bishop. A problem that had been smoldering for a long time, the Klützer Knighthood's considerable debts to the spiritual foundations, made the situation even worse. With Aderpuls' capture by the bishop, the nobles had found cause for a feud .

Bishop Georg von Blumenthal

On December 26, 1529, Bishop Georg von Blumenthal received a feudal letter ; the knights residing in Klützer Winkel, especially Bernd von Plesse, his older brother Johann and numerous other aristocratic families from the region, now resorted to violence and undertook a feud into the diocese of Ratzeburg to free Aderpul; the planned liberation action later went down in Mecklenburg state history as " the religious war in the diocese of Ratzeburg ". The feud failed, however, because of the defensive fortification of the Schönberg Palace, as the attackers were not equipped for a siege. The knights could all be put to flight by three cannon shots. When they withdrew, they then plundered six villages in the monastery area: Gr. Bünstorf, Kl. Bünstorf (both today districts of Schönberg (Mecklenburg) ), Blüssen , Rodenberg , Rüschenbeck and Papenhusen (all today part of the Stepenitztal municipality ), and the chapel in Blüssen. They captured 251 horses, 279 cows, 465 sheep and 32 pigs, as the bishop listed in his complaints, first to the two Mecklenburg dukes Heinrich V and Albert VII , and then, when nothing happened, before the Reich Chamber of Commerce. The process dragged on until the 1540s and ended with the knights being sentenced to punishment and damages, unless they had previously compared themselves with the bishop .

After more than a year imprisonment in Schönberg, Bishop Aderpul released in 1531 against the original feud . Duke Heinrich found him a pastor in Malchin , whereas Duke Albrecht immediately appealed. But with the support of Duke Heinrich, Aderpuhl was able to work in Malchin for 17 years - albeit not very successfully, because in 1548 he left Malchin bitter and went as the first Protestant preacher to the Bützow collegiate church , which had come under ducal control in 1540. In 1556, shortly before his death, he enrolled at the University of Rostock .

Because of a sermon in Gressow, which Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch characterized as a communist sermon and in which Thomas Aderpul is said to have said, according to the bishop, that all things above, below and in the earth, logging, water, pasture and hunting are common and common to everyone Nobody particularly responsible , Aderpul was considered an early bourgeois forerunner of socialism in the GDR and had a prominent position in the work of Fritz Meyer-Scharffenberg . In fact, he owed his position to the protégé of the knights, who were out for their own gain and who profited considerably from the loss of spiritual rulers in the course of the Reformation.

family

One son, Adam Aderpuhl, studied theology at the University of Rostock from 1544 and became his assistant and successor in Bützow. Another son, Elias Aderpul, who had also studied theology in Rostock from 1551, became pastor in Jesendorf , Lübz and Flotow , but was sentenced to death in Güstrow in 1576 for involvement in the murder of Valentin von Voss on Flotow, beheaded and quartered.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ After Gustav Willgeroth : The Mecklenburg-Schwerin Parishes. Volume 1, Wismar: Self-published 1924, p. 76
  2. ↑ According to Martin Fischer-Hübner: Beginning and progress of the Reformation in Lauenburg under the dukes Magnus I and Franz I until 1564. Ratzeburg: Lauenburgischer Heimatverlag 1931, quoted by Peter Godzik : Reformation and Marriage Policy. (PDF; 400 kB)
  3. ↑ See on this question Wilhelm Jannasch : Reformation history of Lübeck from St. Peter's indulgence to the Augsburg Reichstag 1515-1530. (Publications on the history of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck 16) Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1958, p. 121f .: It is difficult to clarify the events that are related to the name of another rebellious priest, Thomas Aderpul ... it does not seem impossible that he at all was not active in the city of Lübeck, but only in the church area of ​​Hinrik Bocholt.
  4. ↑ Jannasch, p. 169, note 63
  5. ↑ Quoted from Lisch (Lit.), p. 71
  6. ↑ See the list in Lisch, p. 63 f.
  7. ^ Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch : Thomas Aderpul or the Reformation to Gressow , Malchin and Bützow . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 16, Schwerin 1851, p. 70 ( digitized version )
  8. ^ Entry as "pastor ecclesiae Butzouiensis" in the Rostock matriculation portal
  9. ↑ Lisch (Lit.), pp. 70f
  10. ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal
  11. ^ Karl Schmaltz: Church history of Mecklenburg . Volume 2: Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Schwerin: Bahn 1936, p. 112
  12. ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal
  13. ↑ Decollatus Gustrouii et in quatuor partes dissectus , additive in Rostock matrikel
personal data
SURNAME Aderpul, Thomas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Aderpful, Thomas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Clergyman of the Reformation period
DATE OF BIRTH 15th century
DATE OF DEATH 1556
Place of death Bützow