Thomas Ball Barratt

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Barratt at the age of 16

Thomas Ball Barratt (born July 22, 1862 in Albaston , Cornwall , England , † January 29, 1940 in Oslo ) was a Norwegian , Christian preacher , pastor and church leader. In 1906 he brought the Pentecostal movement ( norweg .: Pinsevekkelsen) and the baptism of the spirit (norweg .: åndsdåpen) to Norway and Europe . First he was pastor of a Methodist congregation, after a break with the church he established the Pentecostal movement in Norway.

Barratt's main concerns were salvation , diaconal work and the fight against alcohol ("kampen mot alkoholen"). He was a capable leader and was seen as a pioneer of the European Pentecostal movement. His motto was: Fram til urkristendommen (Forward with early Christianity). He was interested in art, singing and music and translated numerous songs into Norwegian . He was a sought-after preacher and published several books and numerous theological articles in Christian magazines.

Barratt married Laura Jakobsen on May 10, 1887 . They had eight children, but only four of them reached adulthood. Mary Barratt Due became a pianist. Together with her husband Henrik Adam Due , she founded the Barratt Due musikkinstitutt in 1927 . The musicians Cecilie Barratt Due and Stephan Barratt-Due are Barratt's great-grandchildren.

Barratt died on January 29, 1940. His last words were: det var mer land å innta (There is more land to take).

Origin of the Pentecostal movement

The Pentecostal movement developed out of the established denominations in the first years of the 20th century. The focus was on Jesus Christ and the biblical teaching of the Holy Spirit . The personal life as a Christian was shaped by an emphasis on evangelism and prayer , as well as the use of so-called " spiritual gifts ". The baptism of the Holy Spirit brought about a radical revival. First, on January 1st, 1901, Agnes Ozman was captured by the Holy Spirit and a few days later, Pastor Charles Parham . As a result, he influenced William J. Seymour , who became a main proponent of the Azusa Street Revival . From there the movement spread rapidly over North America.

Life

Alexander Barratt.

Thomas Ball Barratt was born on July 22, 1862 in Albaston, England. His father, Aleksander Barratt was a miner and went in 1867 to Varaldsøy in Hardanger around there sulfur break down. In 1868 he caught up with the family. The parents were firmly anchored in the Methodist movement. They sent their son back to England to attend a Methodist school for training. There he also received his theological training. What was then Wetley College in Taunton , England is now known as Queen College . There he also dealt with art and music. The composer Edvard Grieg became his music teacher in Norway.

In Norway he met Ole Olsen , one of the most important Methodist preachers.

methodist

In 1885 Barratt went to Kristiania (Oslo), where he was preacher of the 2nd Metodistkirke . In 1886 he moved to Voss in Vestlandet , where he met Laura Jakobsen at De Frie Evangeliske Forsamlinger (De frie venner) in Bergen . At the age of 27 he came back to Kristiania as pastor of the Centralkirken . He served there until 1902. He was very committed and got more and more tasks. For example, he published the magazine Byposten , which he co-founded on February 27, 1904. The magazine featured edifying articles on Christian work around the world. Barratt also began to work for the Kristiania Bymisjon (Kristiania City Mission, social work in Oslo) in 1902 . He wanted to help alcoholics and other stressed people. The Methodist Central Conference had given its approval, albeit without great enthusiasm. In 1905, three years later, the number of converts had grown so that the premises became too small. Barratt planned a large new building, the Håkonsborg . In 1906 he went to New York in the USA to collect money .

Barratt in the USA

Barratt rented a room at the AB Simpson guest house in Manhattan . This guest house was reserved for missionaries who were waiting to leave for other continents. Today the mission organization Christian & Missionary Alliance is located there . Barratt realized, however, that his venture was a failure. In America he could not win any support or donations for its construction. He had to limit himself to writing reports on the churches in America to the byposts .

In New York, Barratt heard about the new movement of the Azusa Street Revival in Los Angeles . he himself had longed for "purification of the heart" (hjertets renselse) and "baptism in the Holy Spirit" (dåpen i Den Hellige Ånd) and in September 1906 he received the magazine The Apostolic Faith , which described just that.

Speaking in tongues and baptizing the spirit

Barratt did not have the financial means to travel to Azusa Street in Los Angeles , so he sent letters from New York to contact them. The reply letter questioned his life and requested that he give his life completely to God. He prayed in the Glad Tidnings Tabernacle and on October 7, 1906, he had his experience (kom han gjennom) of being baptized with the Spirit , but without being able to speak in tongues. This experience shaped him for the rest of his life. In his autobiography Erindringer (Memories) he tells of the following baptism in the Holy Spirit and speaking in tongues on November 15, 1906:

"Like Daniel ( Dan 10,8  LUT ) I was completely helpless under the divine touch. I slipped from the table at which I was sitting on the floor. Then I began to move my speech organs again, but no sound could be heard I asked a brother (Norwegian) who had heard me preach many times in Christiania, and the doctor's wife to pray for me again. "Try to speak," said the Norwegian,
but I replied that when the Lord was through would talk to a man, he would into him go through his mind! that should be in this case, no humbug! While I was praying, they saw a fiery crown on my head and something like a forked tongue of fire above my head ( Acts 2,3-4 LUT ) There were many who could see this supernatural appearance. Of  course I did not see it. But at that moment my whole being was filled with light and with an indescribable power and I started with everything in a foreign language Power to speak en. "

He says that he continued to speak in foreign languages ​​until four in the morning. He sang in the spirit and his voice was changed, clear, strong and pure. Baratt himself experienced the "Spirit" just as the first Christians in Jerusalem experienced it after Christ's Ascension. In the by- post , Barratt wrote about what had happened in the United States. His New York articles were titled: Pinsefest paany. Los Angeles he ny defeated af en vækkelse der less om den beskrevet i ApGj 2. (Another Pentecost). Los Angeles was visited by a revival of and Glimt fra vesten. Since any fik min pintsedaab . (Fire from the west. How I received my spirit baptism.)

By his own admission, he was the first in New York to experience a spirit baptism, as known from Los Angeles.

Return to Norway

When he returned to Norway in December 1906, "Spirit baptism" caused an uproar. The story of Barratt's Spirit baptism was made known through the articles in the by post and he began holding revival meetings in Kristiania, Oslo, where speaking in tongues was taught. He rented the gyms in Kristiania, in the St. Olavsgate district , on the street where Filadelfia Oslo municipality is still today . On December 23rd, Barratt took the podium to share his experience of being baptized in the Spirit, but burst into tears. He ultimately left the meeting without preaching, but many felt the power of the Holy Ghost that day. Another meeting was scheduled for Christmas Day. The hall was filled to bursting and the people experienced the work of the Holy Spirit. Other meetings followed, including a Christmas party in the Kristiania Bymisjon , in the Methodist Church. Some of the events lasted all night. In early 1907 there were 10 people in Kristiania who had experienced "Spirit baptism". This marked the beginning of the Pentecostal movement in Norway.

Break with the Methodists

Barratt was pastor of the Methodist Church until 1907, but after his return from the USA and his "Pentecostal experience" (pinseopplevelse) did not resume his ministry, but stepped down from the board of the Kristiania bymisjonaus and began to organize his own meetings. Soon after, he and his wife also left the Methodist Church. At that time, the most important reason for separation was baptism in the spirit and speaking in tongues, later the question of adult baptism also played a role.

The Pentecostal movement is taking shape

The gyms were in high demand and it became necessary to find other premises. Most of the congregations offered Barratt their premises for some time and so he held events in the Baptist tabernacle , the Misjonsforbundets Bethlehem and various Methodist churches. In the Torvgaten 7. the De Frie Venner (The Free Evangelical Assembly) held their meetings under the pastor Erik A. Nordquelle . North Spring gave Barratt his pulpit. That was the beginning of a close collaboration between Nordquelle and Barratt.

But many Christians were also skeptical about Barratt and the "åndsdåp". The baptized were seen as religious fanatics, newspapers published caricatures. Despite this bad reporting and rumors, the meetings were always well attended. The revival quickly spread across Norway and various churches joined in. Barratt had no plans to start a new denomination, but that is how the Pentecostal Church came into being.

The collaboration between Barratt and Nordquelle (De frie venner) ran smoothly until 1910, when Barratt rented a restaurant at Møllergata 38 . A conflict arose as the De Frie Venner believed Barratt wanted to start a competitive event. It broke. Nordquelle became head of De Frie Evangeliske Forsamlinger , and Barratt's assembly in Møllergata developed into Pinsebevegelsen i Norge . In 1916 the assembly was registered at Møllegata 38 as a municipality (pinsemenighet). This community is now called Filadelfia Oslo and is located in St. Olavs Gate .

Baptism

Barratt initially refused an additional water baptism (vanndåpen). He argued that it is not necessary to have a "baptism of believers" (troende dåp) in order to become a member of the Pentecostal church. However, after studying the Bible intensively, he changed his mind. On September 15, 1913, he and his wife were baptized by Pastor Lewi Pethrus in Filadelfiamenigheten in Stockholm .

Barratt as head

It is said that Barratt had a wavering step and a mild, warm disposition and a good sense of humor. He was a trustful and experienced guide and saw himself as a guide. All the adversity, criticism, and public ridicule in the early years had not made him arrogant. Karsten Ekornes worked in the Filadelfia Oslo community for the last twelve years Barratt lived. Ekorns describes Barratt as a democratic leader. Everyone was allowed to voice their point of view and the debates were very lively. In this way, all questions of church leadership were dealt with in a solid manner.

Barratt was an outstanding leader of Pentecostalism in Europe. He was a forstander (pastor) in Filadelfia Oslo until his death.

Field service

Thomas Ball Barratt was an excellent preacher and has been invited to give lectures across Northern Europe. In the sermons to various congregations, he mainly spoke of what he had experienced through Spirit baptism. The lectures were always well filled. Gunvor Falch tells of a visit from Barratt to Mosjøen in 1933. The place was packed and there was a long queue along the road. The visit made a great impression. New Pentecostal churches sprang up in many cities.

Karsten Ekorness says that the meetings with Barratt showed a special freshness. They were not restricted by formal rituals, but rather spread a "spirit of freedom" (frihetens ånd). Barratt often had an elaborate pedigree, but preached without adhering strictly to it. His sermons were thoughtful, profound, and cultivated and delivered clearly. His voice was deep and melodious.

Song poet and musician

On Barratt's 75th birthday, Ekorness performed as a soloist in the community and Barrat accompanied him on the piano. Ekorness became an important contributor to singing and music in the community. The Filadelfiakoret , which Barratt founded in 1932, was continued by Ekorness.

Barratt was very musical and contributed a lot to the songs of the Pentecostal movement. It is said that he could sit down at the piano and, while improvising, make comments and contributions to discussions. He had a habit of whistling melodies while playing the piano.

Barratt wrote over a hundred song lyrics and composed melodies for many of them. He also translated some texts into Norwegian. In 1911 Barratt published the hymn book Maran ata . This was the first of the Norwegian Pentecostal movement and contained 110 songs by Barratt and 130 translations (by Barratt) into Norwegian. In 1887 he had already published the Evangelie Sanger , in which he had 96 songs of his own. His songs found their way into many different song books. The last time he appeared as a singer was on New Year's Sunday (første søndag) 1940. He was accompanied by Ekorness on the piano. The text was prophetic: "I come, I come when my head is bowed, I hear voices calling me to the peace of heaven." He died a few weeks later.

mission

Mission has been an important feature of Pentecostalism from the start. Barratt founded the Norges Frie Evangeliske Hedningemisjon , which sent missionaries mainly to Asia and Africa . In 1929 Barratt dissolved the organization again. From then on, it was the responsibility of the congregations to send missionaries. The congregations were responsible for the financial security of the missionaries and this created a close bond between the missionaries abroad and the congregations in Norway. Even today it is the congregations who send missionaries, while the umbrella organization PYM - De norske pinsemenigheters ytremisjon (The Norwegian Pentecostal Mission Abroad) only coordinates the missionary work.

Byposten magazine

Barratt began the bypass post in 1904 when he was a Methodist pastor. After breaking with the Methodists, he took over the magazine. In 1910 it was renamed Korsets Seier (Victory of the Cross). It is the most important Pentecostal journal in Norway. Barrat was an avid writer.

The Pentecostal Movement in Norway and Europe

Barratt started the first Pentecostal church in Kristiania. It existed since 1916 and is now the Filadelfia Oslo municipality . Many churches have sprung up since 1910. Filadelfia Oslo took a leading role in the Norwegian Pentecostal movement. Barrat visited Denmark in 1907 , which triggered the beginning of the Pentecostal movement in Denmark and he is also seen as a trigger for other Pentecostal movements, especially in Sweden and England .

bibliography

Barratt has published a myriad of devotions and articles in Christian magazines. His articles can be found especially in Byposten and the Seier corset . He has also given countless sermons and written or translated song texts.

Works

  • Evangeliske sanger , (song book), 1887
  • Erik Arnesen eller den store forvandlingen , (Erik Arnesen and the great metamorphosis ) 1899
  • Maran ata , (song book), 1911
  • Den kristne dåp , (Christian Baptism) e-book , 1919
  • Verdens midtpunkt, Jesus , (The center of the world, Jesus), 1926
  • Ledetråd i Guds ord: for ungdom og nyfrelste , (Guide to God's Word: for young people and new converts) E-book , 1927
  • When the fire fell: An outline of my life , 1927
  • Et ord til all. Prekener. (A word to all. Sermons), 1932
  • De kristne menigheter , (Christian Congregations ), 1933
  • Kvinnens rolle i menigheten , (The Role of Women in the Churches), e-book , 1933
  • Står Jesu gjenkomst for døren , (The second coming of Jesus is just around the corner ), 1935
  • Ekteskap, skilsmisse og gjengifte , (marriage, divorce, and remarriage), e-book , 1938
  • Bak død and grav. Mellem tilestand and evigheten. Finnes det et helvete? , (After death and burial. Between standstill and eternity. Is there a hell?), E-book , 1939
  • Erindringer , (Memoirs, Autobiography), E-book , 1941
  • TB Barratt - Minneutgave 3 - Brennende spørsmål , (TB Barratt - Commemorative Edition 3 - Burning Questions), E-book , 1950
  • TB Barratt - Minneutgave 4 - Den kristne dåp - De kristne menigheter , (TBB - Commemorative Edition - The Christian Baptism - The Christian Community), E-book , 1950
  • Forvandlet , (transformed) - unknown
  • Den store Glæde , (The Great Joy) - unknown

Songs

A selection of songs, texts and song translations. (t = text, t / m = text / melody, o = translation)

  • "Antikristens fane vaier vidt og bredt i dag" (t)
  • «Since Jesus has full sjelen fri» (o)
  • «Da Ånden kom et vær fra himlen» (t)
  • «Det gamle år er flyktet bort» (t)
  • "Det var en som var villig til å dø" (o)
  • «Det siste ord på jord vår frelser talte» (t)
  • «You he the eneste frelser for meg Jesus» (t)
  • " Dyp, bred, bright og mektig " (t / m)
  • «Dypt i nådens fast grunner» (t)
  • "En gang ble ble tuktet av loven og skremt" (t)
  • "Frem i brytning går en flokk" (t)
  • "Frem til strid du kristne skare" (t)
  • «Grip da tak sterke ånd» (t)
  • «Guds folk dør vel !, De dør i Jesus poor» (t)
  • «Hellig Ånd, vi vil deg ære!» (t)
  • «Her fra mitt Sion jed skuer» (t)
  • «Herlige frelsesord» (t / m)
  • "Hvil deg i Jesus, prøvede sjel!" (t)
  • «Hvilket liv på jord Tådte Fremd ved Guds ord!» (t)
  • «Ild fra himlen, come!» (t)
  • «Jeg er døpt på bibelsk vis» (t)
  • "Jeg lenges iblant til de frigjortes hjem" (t / m)
  • «Kom hit hver tørstig sjel» (Kom hit du tørste sjel) (t)
  • «Kom som du er til din frelser» (t)
  • «Com, trette sjel, til Jesus» (t)
  • «Livets pakt er nå beseglet» (t)
  • «Livets strømmer evigt flyter» (t)
  • «Løftene kan ikke svikte» (o)
  • "Min sjel seg fryder i sin Gud" (t)
  • «Mor, du mor, du blir aldri glemt» (Moder, du blir aldri glemt) (t)
  • "På Oljeberget, rikt på skjønne minner" (t)
  • «Salig den som budskap bringer» (t)
  • «David's 23rd Salme» (t / m)
  • «Sett Jesus først» (t)
  • «Skal vi samles med venner and kjente» (t)
  • « Snart gryr en lys og evig tomorrow » (t)
  • «Snart Kongen kommer» (t)
  • «Snart vil himlens hvelving lyse» (t)
  • «Snehvit, men blodstenkt» (t)
  • "Takk for det blod som frelser" (t)
  • «Under nådens sterke vinger» (t)
  • «Vi legger nå vårt barn i dine poor» (t)
  • «Vist er jeg barn og dertil født» (t)
  • «Å, dyre frelser!» (t)
  • "Are he over med alle dets sorger og gleder" (t)
  • «Å han er så dyrebar for meg» (o)

swell

literature

  • Nils Egede Bloch-Hoell: Pinsebevegelsen tilblivelse, utvikling and særpreg med henblikk på bevegelsens utforming i Norge. (Pentecostal movement - origin, development and characteristics with regard to the formation of the movement in Norway - doctoral thesis). Universitetsforlaget. 1956.
  • Frank Bartelman: Da ilden folds. (When the fire fell), 1960.
  • Karsten Ekorness: Samtaler med TB Barratt. (Conversations with B.)
  • Karsten Ekorness: Mitt møte med TBB (My meeting with B.) In: Korsets Seier (Victory of the Cross), February 3, 2006. P. 9.
  • Lars Christian Gjerlaug: In some cases and mildly opprører. (The sober and gentle rebel) In: Korsets Seier, September 29, 2006. pp. 12–13.
  • Oddvar Johansen: Gud hadde større planer. (God had bigger plans) In: Korsets Seier, June 23, 2006. pp. 24-25.
  • Oddvar Johansen: Ånden folds rounds juletreet! (The ghost fell under the Christmas tree!) Corsets Seier, June 30, 2006. pp. 12–13.
  • Corsets Seier: 2006–2007. Article series: Pinsebevegelsen 100 år . (100 years of Pentecostal Movement)
  • Solveig Barratt Lange: Et Herrens sendebud. (Messrs. Messenger), 1962.
  • Solveig Barratt Lange, Martin Ski: Pastor Barratt, minneutgave. , (Barratt Memorial Edition), Vol. I-VIII, (pinsebevegelsen 50 år) 1956–58.
  • Martin Ski: Pinsebevegelsens første 50 år. (50 years of Pentecostal Movement)
  • Martin Ski: TB Barratt. Døpt i Ånd and ild. (Baptized with Spirit and Fire. Biography of Thomas Ball Barratt) Filadelfiaforlaget AS, 1979. ISBN 82-534-0458-1
  • Vebjørn K. Selbekk: TB Barratt - forfulgt and etterfulgt. (- followed and succeeded) 2007. ISBN 978-82-302-0422-1
  • David André Østby: Metodister er venner av pinsen . (Methodists are Pentecostal friends), Korsets Seier, June 16, 2006 pp. 22–23.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ å hjelpe alkoholikere og andreladenede mennesker
  2. ↑ … Jeg var lik Daniel (Dan. 10,8) aldeles hjelpeløs under the guddommelige berøring and måtte støte meg to et board on platforms before any full and gled så ned on gulvet. At the beginning of the mine tale organer å move seg, quantity ingen lyd hørtes. Every bad en bror (nordmann) which has often been heard from meg preke i Christiania, and legens hustru, å be for meg ennå en gang. ”Forsøk å tale”, see also Nordmannen.
    Men jeg svarte at hvis men ville tale gjennom et menneskelig vesen, da måtte han drive meg til det med sin Ånd! Det skulle ikke være noe humbug i denne sak! Mens any bathroom, så de en tildkrone over with the method and in clothes tunge as ild foran crowns. (ApG 2, 3-4) There is a shortage of what is overnatural strength red lysis. Anything så det selvfølgelig ikke. Men in all the information you need to know about the situation, and the excessive force, and any other start-up on the other hand.
  3. ↑ Byposten, October 6, 1906th
  4. ↑ Byposten, November 3 1,906th
  5. ↑ The Pentecostal Movement in the version of Barratt (Norwegian)
  6. ↑ Ånden folds rounds juletreet
  7. ↑ åndsdåpen med tunger som tegn, (tungetale)
  8. ↑ dåpssynet: troendedåp / voksendåp
  9. ↑ Ekornes, K. 2006.
  10. ↑ Fikk ikke plass da Barratt kom. Korsets Seier, March 30, 2007. p. 25.
  11. ↑ Ekorness, K. 2006.
  12. ↑ Ekorness, K. 2006.
  13. ↑ Jeg kommer, jed kommer, for mitt hode bøyes ned, jeg hører stemmer kaller meg to himlens fred.
  14. ↑ Recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdFZDjDT8-A
personal data
SURNAME Barratt, Thomas Ball
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Norwegian, Christian preacher, pastor and church leader
DATE OF BIRTH July 22, 1862
PLACE OF BIRTH Albaston , Cornwall , England
DATE OF DEATH January 29, 1940
Place of death Oslo