Timia

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Timia rural community
Timia rural community (Niger)
Timia rural community
Timia rural community
Coordinates 18 ° 7 '  N , 8 ° 47'  E Coordinates: 18 ° 7 '  N , 8 ° 47'  E
Basic data
Country Niger

region

Agadez
department Iférouane
ISO 3166-2 NE-1
Residents 19,076 (2012)
Website timia.org (French)

Timia (in Tuareg Tyǝmia ) is a rural community in the department of Iférouane in Niger .

geography

Timia valley
Well in Timia
A Tuareg from Timia with a black mustard , 2003. Wrapped in the silver jewelery cartridge, he carries rolled up verses from the Koran
Woman from Timia

Timia is located in the south of the Aïr Mountains. The municipality is divided into seven administrative villages, two traditional villages, a hamlet, two camps and 17 water points. The main town of the rural community, the administrative village of Timia, is an oasis . It is located on the eastern flank of the mountain Adrar Egalah ( 1874  m ) at an altitude of approximately 1000  m in the area of ​​the Kel-Ewey - Tuareg and extends along a dry river bed ( kori ), which carries water in the summer months if it is in the upper reaches has rained. South of Timia rise the Monts Bagzane with the highest mountain in Niger, Idoukal-n-Taghès ( 2022  m ). To the south and east of it lies the expanse of the Ténéré desert, through which the route for the Sahara caravan trade runs. The neighboring communities of Timias are Assodé and Iférouane in the north, Fachi in the east, Dabaga and Tabelot in the south and Dannet in the west.

history

The capital Timia was founded in 1920 after France put down a Tuareg uprising against the colonial occupation of the country. The founders of the settlement previously lived in the higher village of Tassalouette and in the surrounding valleys. The villages of Abarakan and Krip-Krip in the municipality of Timia were in turn founded by residents of the main town who were looking for arable land. Since 2011, the rural community no longer belongs to the Arlit department , but to the newly created Iférouane department.

population

At the 2001 census, Timia had 8,319 inhabitants, 1,734 of them in the administrative village of Timia. At the 2012 census, the population was 19,076. In the community which is Tamascheq - variety Tayart spoken. In addition to the Kel-Ewey-Tuareg, a number of released slaves live in the oasis. Since the suppression of the Kaosen uprising in 1918 there have been no more slaves, although their total share is 10 to 20%. A few Hausa and Zarma also live here; in particular they work as village teachers or healing powers. Political and clerical authorities in the village are the village chief ( maigari ) and the imam .

Culture and sights

In the vicinity of the oasis is the Cascade de Timia , an impressive waterfall with a lake. Fort Massu is a fortification built in 1952 at the instigation of the French general Jacques Massu in Timia. It was never used for military purposes and is considered a historical curiosity. Since 2000, the complex has served as a museum and hostel, where soft drinks are available. Local handicrafts are also sold there. A modern telescope can also be used to observe the starry sky.

Economy and Infrastructure

The buildings in Timia are characterized by densely packed mud houses. From cement built only a few public institutions, such as schools, a small hospital and the radio-telephone station. The oasis town thus represents an administrative service center, as the surrounding area also benefits from the infrastructure. Serious illnesses, however, have to be treated (continued) in Agadez or Arlit . There is also a craft center for blacksmiths and local traders.

In terms of pasture management, goat and camel husbandry dominate, as these animals are mainly tree-growing. The former is primarily in the hands of women, the latter in those of men. The necessary groundwater is pumped from a well. Rain farming, however, is not possible. There is a brisk salt trade with Bilma . Triangular caravan trade exists for the remaining needs in addition to Bilma with Kano in Nigeria . The caravan route to the south roams the camel pastures of the Hausa between Zinder and Kano . Dates are obtained from the Djado plateau . At Achegour ( Arbre du Ténéré ) this route branches off from the Dirkou route to the north. Due to the fertile conditions in the oasis, intensive horticulture is practiced, which is attributed to the increasing settling of the Kel-Ewey . The gardeners are organized in agricultural cooperatives and take the produce to the markets in the (wider) area by truck. In addition, the trucks are also the obligatory means of transport. The basic needs of the 5000 residents are covered by a centrally located bakery, a butcher, tailors and blacksmiths' cooperations.

During the period of severe drought in the 1970s and 1980s, the region benefited from various European development aid measures. In this way, horticulture was first established, then intensified. The gardens received fortifications (flooding inhibition). New cultivation methods and fruits - such as oranges and grapefruits - were introduced and cultivated. Seeds and pesticides were organized. Piste construction and their restoration were pushed as well as the structural securing of wells. Up until the 2nd Tuareg Rebellion (until the mid-1990s), the development organizations tried to set an example of future prosperity through labor migration, the establishment of shops and the promotion of tourism. These sources of diversified work attitudes, however, dried up with the rebellion.

literature

  • Maximilien Bruggmann, Hans Ritter: Ténéré. Through the southern Sahara . Bucher, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-7658-1078-9 .
  • Assoumane Fodi: Les exploitants maraîchers et la dégradation des ressources naturelles dans la commune rurale de Timia (Agadez) . Mémoire. Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey 2012.
  • Harald A. Friedl: Tuareg wedding between research and passion. The marriage of two Austrians in the tangerine oasis Timia in the heart of the Aïr mountains . In: Edgar Sommer : Kel Tamashek: The Tuareg . Cargo, Schwülper 2006, ISBN 3-938693-05-3 , pp. 288-307.
  • Harald A. Friedl: Timia - a "picture book village" in the Aïr . In: Harald A. Friedl: KulturSchock Tuareg . Reise-Know-How-Verlag Rump, Bielefeld 2008, ISBN 978-3-8317-1608-1 , p. 200 f.
  • Harald A. Friedl: The relationship between Kel Timia and tourism . In: Harald A. Friedl: Journeys to the desert knights. Ethnic tourism among the Tuareg from the perspective of applied tourism ethics . Bautz, Nordhausen 2009, ISBN 978-3-88309-456-4 , pp. 545-746.
  • Gerd Spittler : Droughts, war and hunger crises among the Kel Ewey (1900–1985). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1989 (monograph).
  • Gerd Spittler: Shepherd work: the world of the camel herders and goatherds from Timia . Köppe, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-89645-206-1 .

Web links

Commons : Timia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Karl-G. Prasse, Ghoubeïd Alojaly, Ghabdouane Mohamed: Dictionnaire Touareg - Français (Niger): M – Ž . Museum Tasculanum Press, Copenhagen 2003, ISBN 87-7289-844-5 , p. 568 .
  2. ^ Répertoire National des Communes (RENACOM) . Institut National de la Statistique website, accessed November 8, 2010.
  3. ^ Republic of Niger: Loi n ° 2002-014 du 11 JUIN 2002 portant création des communes et fixant le nom de leurs chefs-lieux .
  4. ↑ Issouf Bayard, Franck Giazzi: Population et activités économiques au be de la Réserve Naturelle Nationale de l'Aïr et du Ténéré . In: Franck Giazzi (ed.): La Réserve Naturelle Nationale de l'Aïr et du Ténéré (Niger). The connaissance des éléments du milieu naturel et humain dans le cadre d'orientations pour un aménagement et une conservation durables. Analysis descriptive. Union Internationale pour la conservation de la nature et de ses ressources, Gland 1996, ISBN 2-8317-0249-6 , p. 298 .
  5. ↑ Une nouvelle loi sur le redécoupage administratif . In: L'Arbre à Palabres . No. 13 , August 11, 2011, p. 2 ( PDF file [accessed January 28, 2014]).
  6. ^ Institut Nationale de la Statistique du Niger (ed.): Annuaire statistique des cinquante ans d'indépendance du Niger . Niamey 2010 ( online version ; PDF; 3.1 MB), p. 53.
  7. ↑ Presentation of the results globaux définitifs du Quatrième (4ème) Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGP / H) de 2012. (PDF file) Institut National de la Statistique, 2014, accessed on April 18, 2014 (French ).
  8. ↑ Niger map. In: Ethnologue: Languages ​​of the World. Seventeenth edition. SIL International, 2013, accessed July 18, 2013 .
  9. ↑ a b Gerd Spittler , Dürren, Krieg und Hungerkrisen, p. 1 ff. (See lit.)
  10. ↑ Jolijn Geels: Niger . Bradt, Chalfont St Peter 2006, ISBN 1-84162-152-8 , p. 189 .
  11. ↑ Harald A. Friedl, The Justification of Ethnotourism Using the Example of the Tuareg of the Agadez Region, Republic of Niger (West Africa) - An Evaluation from the Perspective of Applied Tourism Ethics, 8.8.2.2. Timia
  12. ↑ Marko Scholze: Modern nomads and flying traders. Tuareg and tourism in Niger . LIT, Münster 2009, pp. 275 ff. ( Google Books ).