Toblinger knot
| Toblinger knot / Torre di Toblin | ||
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 Toblinger knot from the southeast, in the foreground the Sesto stone. |
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| height | 2617 m slm | |
| location | South Tyrol , Italy | |
| Mountains | Sesto Dolomites , Dolomites , Eastern Alps | |
| Dominance | 1.28 km → Paternkofel | |
| Notch height | 212 m ↓ Toblinger Riedl | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 38 ′ 31 " N , 12 ° 18 ′ 29" E | |
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| Type | Rock peaks | |
| rock | Main dolomite | |
| Age of the rock | Triad | |
| First ascent | 1889 | |
| Normal way | Rise from the northeast ( UIAA I ) | |
| particularities | Positions from the First World War | |
 Dreizinnenhütte, Sextner Stein and Toblinger knot, seen from the Paternkofel |
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The Toblinger knot ( Italian: Torre di Toblin ) is a 2617 m slm high mountain in the Sesto Dolomites in South Tyrol . It was of strategic importance in the mountain war of 1915-1918 and was expanded with numerous positions. Remnants of the former military trails are now used as popular via ferratas.
Location and surroundings
The Toblinger Knot is located in the Three Peaks Nature Park in the southern Sesto Dolomites. In the south of the mountain, about 300 meters away, is the 2539 m high Sesto Stone ( Italian Sasso di Sesto ), at the foot of which lies the Dreizinnenhütte, the most important base in the area around the Toblinger node. This area and the pinnacle plateau below the Drei Zinnen to the south belong to the Rienztal in the area of the municipality of Toblach (Dobbiaco) . In the north is the Innerfeldtal in the municipality of Innichen (San Candido) , in the east the Fischleintal in the municipality of Sexten (Sesto) . The three municipal areas meet at the summit of the Toblinger Knot.
Paths to the summit
On the northeast flank is the Toblinger nodes with an alpine, partly insured climbing in difficulty I , the chaplain Hosp climbing , tapped. A somewhat more difficult ascent leads over the north face with the Leiternsteig , which is mostly developed as a via ferrata , but also has climbing points in the II degree. There are several climbing routes , including the west edge (III) and the south-west face (III). All of these climbs are very frequent because of their proximity to the easily accessible Dreizinnenhütte. In addition, the positions are from the First World War, a popular tourist attraction.
history
The Toblinger node was by W. Eckert and in 1889 mountain guide Michael Innerkofler first climbed . In 1892 Sepp Innerkofler , the brother of the first climber, managed the first ascent of the western edge.
Before the First World War, the whole area was owned by Austria-Hungary , the border ran south of the Toblinger node along the Drei Zinnen to the Paternkofel . Already in the run-up to the war, positions were built to the west and east of the mountain, but initially they were not particularly significant. A bastion on the west shoulder ( 2510 m ) was used to monitor the area south of the summit, another on the east shoulder, the Adlerwache ( 2540 m ) with the Maendl gallery, controlled the entire Bodenalpe above the Fischleintal. Another cavern , which served as accommodation, was located at 2520 m on the east flank, on the north side an officers' mess and a kitchen were built at 2475 m .
Shortly after the start of the war, in August 1915, there were Italian attacks, in the course of which the Italian troops advanced as far as the Sextenstein and erected sandbag positions there. However, the steep south face of the Toblinger Knot was an effective obstacle. The mountain was now the furthest advanced point into the Italian occupied area. In addition, it offered a good view of the entire combat area, so that it was now of great strategic importance.
On the initiative of Feldkurat Hosp, who already used the highest point as a lookout post at the end of 1915, the construction of shelters on the summit began in January 1916. Just below the summit, tunnels and gun emplacements were blasted into the rock. For this purpose, the path over the northeast flank was built. However, this was clearly visible to the Italian shooters, so that it could only be accessed at night. As an alternative, the ladder path through the protected north chimneys was built in the spring of 1916. An elevator from the north side could carry loads of up to 150 kilograms to the summit.
In April 1917 the Austrian army dug a 300 meter long snow tunnel up to the Sextenstein, through which they attacked the Italian fortifications. However, this action failed. The positions at Toblinger knot were held until the withdrawal of the Italian army in November 1917, a planned major expansion did not take place.
After the war, the facilities fell into disrepair, and it was not until 1979 that the Leiternsteig was expanded into a modern via ferrata . Some components of the original path, such as wooden ladders and iron hooks, have been preserved. The Feldkurat-Hosp-Steig was also insured in places. The gallery at the Adlerwache can be entered with a flashlight.
literature
- Richard Goedeke : Sexten Dolomites . Alpine Club Guide . Bergverlag Rother, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-7633-1255-2 .
- Peter Kübler, Hugo Reider : Fight for the Three Peaks . The heart of the Sexten Dolomites 1915–1917 and today. Ed .: REIDER TOURISTIK KG of Korica Milka & Co. Sexten 2011, ISBN 978-88-902466-2-3 , p. 190 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Alpine Club Guide , p. 82
- ↑ a b c d e Peter Kübler, Hugo Reider: Battle for the Three Peaks . The heart of the Sexten Dolomites 1915–1917 and today. Ed .: Reider Touristik KG 1st edition. Sexten 2011, ISBN 978-88-902466-2-3 , pp. 132-157 .
- ↑ Peter Kübler, Hugo Reider: Battle for the Three Peaks . The heart of the Sexten Dolomites 1915–1917 and today. Ed .: Reider Touristik KG 1st edition. Sexten 2011, ISBN 978-88-902466-2-3 , pp. 81-87 .
- ^ Paul Werner: Via ferrata atlas Alps . 3. Edition. Rother, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-7633-8088-4 , p. 187 .