TOP500

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The exponential increase in computing power (see Moore's Law ) since 1993. The ordinate (y-axis) is logarithmic in GFLOPS. The red line represents Rpeak of the respective front runner. The system in place 500 is shown in yellow, the theoretical total computing power of all 500 systems of the TOP500 is shown in dark blue.

TOP500 is a list of the 500 fastest computer systems and their characteristics. The list is sorted according to the Rmax value of the respective computer when using the high-performance LINPACK benchmark and thus represents a ranking of the most powerful machines for solving systems of linear equations . Since June 2008, energy consumption has also been listed.

history

The TOP500 emerged from Hans-Werner Meuer's Mannheim supercomputer statistics, which were published annually from 1986 to 1992 . Only the vector computer systems installed in the USA, Japan and Europe were counted. The figures were based on information from the manufacturer. The difficult data situation, especially in Japan, the increasing spread of massively parallel systems and high-performance computers in general made a reorganization necessary.

In order to put the list on a better and verifiable basis, the organization TOP500, which is represented by the Universities of Mannheim and Tennessee and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, then compiled the list. The determination of 500 entries was made because on the one hand the last Mannheim supercomputer list had 530 entries, on the other hand with reference to the Forbes 500 list of the most successful companies. Since June 1993, the TOP500 is worked out twice a year, alternately in Germany held the International Supercomputer Conference and in the United States held Supercomputer Conference presented.

Listed computers

Worldwide

a node of the Fugaku supercomputer

The fastest computers in the world (as of June 2020):

  1. JapanJapan Fugaku from the RIKEN Center for Computational Science with 415.5  P FLOPS .
  2. United StatesUnited States Summit of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory with 148.6 petaflops.
  3. United StatesUnited States Sierra of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory with 94.6 petaflops.
  4. China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Sunway TaihuLight of the Chinese National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi with 93.0 PFLOPS.
  5. China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Tianhe-2 (Milky Way-2) at the National Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou with 61.4 PFLOPS.
  6. ItalyItalyHPC5 from Eni SpA with 35.4 PFLOPS.
  7. United StatesUnited States NVIDIA Corporation with 27.5 PFLOPS.
  8. United StatesUnited StatesFrontera Texas Advanced Computing Center of the University of Texas with 23.5 petaflops.
  9. ItalyItalyMarconi-100 of the CINECA data center in Bologna with 21.6 PFLOPS.
  10. SwitzerlandSwitzerland Piz Daint of the Swiss National Supercomputing Center with 21.2 PFLOPS

European Union

SuperMUC at the LRZ

The fastest supercomputers in the EU - with 29 in the top hundred (as of June 2020):

  1. ItalyItalyHPC5 from Eni SpA in 6th place with 35.4 PFLOPS
  2. ItalyItalyMarconi-100 of the CINECA data center ranks 9th worldwide with 21.6 PFLOPS.
  3. GermanyGermany SuperMUC NG ranks 13th worldwide with 19.5 PFLOPS in November 2019
  4. FranceFrancePANGEA III occupies 15th place worldwide with 17.9 PFLOPS
  5. ItalyItalyHPC4 of Eni SpA in 19th place worldwide with 12.2 petaflops
  6. FranceFranceTera-1000-2 of the CEA to 20th place worldwide with 12.0 petaflops
  7. ItalyItalyMarconi Intel Xeon Phi in the CINECA data center in 22nd place worldwide with 10.4 PFLOPS
  8. FranceFranceBelenos ranks 29th worldwide with 7.7 PFLOPS
  9. FranceFranceJOLIOT-CURIE ROME ranks 33rd worldwide with 7.0 PFLOPS
  10. SpainSpainMareNostrum in 37th place with 6.47 PFLOPS

Germany

The fastest supercomputers in Germany - with 10 among the first hundred (as of June 2020):

  1. Baden-WürttembergBaden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg The "Hawk" built by Hewlett Packard Enterprise with a peak performance of 26 PFLOPS and a main storage capacity of 1.4 petabytes, at the high-performance computing center in Stuttgart (HLRS). This supercomputer does not appear in the current Top500 for an unknown reason, although it is still in operation.
  2. BavariaBavaria Bavaria In a national comparison, the SuperMUC NG from the Leibniz Supercomputing Center in Garching near Munich takes second place with 19.5 PFLOPS.
  3. North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia the world on 38th and nationally to place 3 -ranking JEWEL - Westphalia North Rhine-Bull Sequana X1000 with 6.2 petaflops at Forschungszentrum Jülich .
  4. Baden-WürttembergBaden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg the world on 43rd -ranking Hazel Hen - Cray XC40 with Xeon E5-2680v3 12C 2.5GHz, the High Performance Computing Center (HLRS) with 5.64 petaflops.
  5. BavariaBavaria Bavaria the world on 44th -ranking COBRA the Max Planck Society MPI / IPP in Garching near Munich, with 5.61 petaflops.
  6. BerlinBerlin Berlin the world on 48th -ranking Lise of the Konrad Zuse Center in Berlin with 5.36 petaflops.
  7. North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia the system JURECA, which is ranked 65th worldwide with 3.78 PFLOPS, at the North Rhine-Westphalian Research Center Jülich. JUQUEEN plays an important role in the Human Brain Project .
  8. HesseHesse Hessen the Lichtenberg II of the Technical University Darmstadt in 92nd place with 3.0 PFLOPS.
  9. HamburgHamburg Hamburg Mistral DKRZ - German Climate Computing Center at number 93 with 3.0 petaflops.
  10. BavariaBavaria Bavaria the SuperMUC of the Leibniz data center in 97th place with 2.9 PFLOPS.
  11. BavariaBavaria Bavaria of the SuperMUC phase 2 of the Leibniz data center in 98th place with 2.8 PFLOPS.

Switzerland

The two fastest computers in Switzerland are (as of June 2020):

  1. Named after a mountain in Grisons Piz Daint , the Cray XC50 at the Swiss National Supercomputing Center (CSCS) achieved (upgraded) with 361,760 Xeon processors clocked at 2.6 GHz 21.2 PFLOPS and was 10th worldwide and was the fastest computer in Europe 2014. It is used for weather forecasting.
  2. Piz Daint Multicore - Cray XC40, with Xeon E5-2695v4 18C 2.1GHz processors, also at the CSCS, with 44,928 cores. With 1.9 PFLOPS it is number 231 worldwide .

Austria

The fastest supercomputer in Austria, the VSC-4 , comes in 105th of the 500 fastest with 2.7 petaflops.

The predecessor of the VSC-4, the VSC-3 , has around 600 TFLOPS and over 32,000 processors. The VSC-3 achieved 86th place in the Green500 ranking with its extraordinary cooling system .

In June 2013, the predecessor VSC-2 with 20,776 Opteron cores and 152.9 TFLOPS was in 238th place. VSC-2 and VSC-3 are the second and third expansion stages of the Vienna Scientific Cluster , a joint project of the Vienna University of Technology , the University of Vienna and the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna .

Top countries

The number of supercomputers in the TOP500 broken down by country.

Distribution by country (June 2020)
country Number (Rmax PFLOPS)
China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China
  
 226 (565.5)
United StatesUnited States United States
  
 113 (621.6)
JapanJapan Japan
  
 29 (527.6)
FranceFrance France
  
 19 (79.8)
GermanyGermany Germany
  
 16 (68.7)
NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands
  
 15 (24.7)
IrelandIreland Ireland
  
 14 (23.0)
CanadaCanada Canada
  
 13 (27.9)
United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
  
 10 (30.9)
ItalyItaly Italy
  
 7 (87.1)
BrazilBrazil Brazil
  
 4 (10.9)
SingaporeSingapore Singapore
  
 4 (6.5)
Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea
  
 3 (18.7)
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
  
 3 (10.1)
NorwayNorway Norway
  
 3 (7.7)
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
  
 2 (231)
AustraliaAustralia Australia
  
 2 (10.9)
TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan
  
 2 (10.3)
RussiaRussia Russia
  
 2 (9.1)
United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates
  
 2 (9.0)
FinlandFinland Finland
  
 2 (7.0)
IndiaIndia India
  
 2 (6.3)
SwedenSweden Sweden
  
 2 (4.7)
SpainSpain Spain
  
 1 (6.4)
AustriaAustria Austria
  
 1 (2.7)
PolandPoland Poland
  
 1 (1.6)
Hong KongHong Kong Hong Kong
  
 1 (1.6)
Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
  
 1 (1.4)

Operating systems

All supercomputers on this list are operated with Linux derivatives (as of June 2020).

Green500

Exponential increase in energy efficiency (logarithmic scale) of the Green500. Red and blue lines mark the (smoothed) range between the 1st and the 500th system

The Green500 are an alternative ranking of the TOP500 list published since 2009. It sorts the TOP500 supercomputers according to their energy efficiency ( see also: Green IT ), measured in GFLOPS per watt. The energy requirements of the cooling system are not taken into account.

Current lists show that massively parallel processors with several thousand small computing cores are more energy-efficient than general-purpose computing cores such as Intel's Xeon series: In June 2017, the ten most energy-efficient Green500 systems were based on highly parallel graphics processors ( Nvidia Tesla ). In November 2017, the three best systems were based on processors with 2048 computing cores per chip (PEZY-SC2) - with an energy efficiency of around 17 GFLOPS / watt.

List: (as of June 2020)

  1. JapanJapan Japan MN-3: 21.1 GFLOPS / watt
  2. United StatesUnited States United States Selene: 20.5 GFLOPS / watt
  3. JapanJapan Japan NA-1: 18.4 GFLOPS / watt
  4. JapanJapan Japan A64FX prototype: 16.9 GFLOPS / watt
  5. United StatesUnited States United States AiMOS: 15.8 GFLOPS / watt
  6. ItalyItaly Italy HPC5: 15.7 GFLOPS / watt
  7. United StatesUnited States United States Satori: 15.6 GFLOPS / watt
  8. United StatesUnited States United States Summit: 14.7 GFLOPS / watt
  9. JapanJapan Japan Fugaku: 14.6 GFLOPS / watt
  10. ItalyItaly Italy Marconi-100: 14.6 GFLOPS / watt

See also

Web links

swell

  1. ↑ HPL - A Portable Implementation of the High-Performance Linpack Benchmark for Distributed Memory Computers . Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  2. ↑ What is the Rmax? . Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 22, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.top500asia.org
  3. ↑ a b c TOP500 Supercomputer Sites . Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  4. ↑ ORNL Launches Summit supercomputer. Retrieved April 23, 2020 (English).
  5. ↑ The fastest supercomputer in Germany. Retrieved October 5, 2018 .
  6. ↑ China becomes a superpower at supercomputers welt.de, on June 24, 2014
  7. ↑ www.macprime.ch Accessed November 24, 2014
  8. ↑ Austrian supercomputer VSC-4
  9. ↑ VSC-3 GREEN500 ranking. Retrieved July 17, 2019 .
  10. ↑ New supercomputer for Viennese science . Technical University of Vienna. June 21, 2011. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  11. ↑ Statistics of the TOP500 . Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  12. ↑ The 500 fastest supercomputers in the world all run Linux . In: Top500 statistics . ( top500.org [accessed July 14, 2020]).
  13. ↑ About the Green500 List
  14. ↑ Power Measurement methology. (PDF) Retrieved November 15, 2017 .
  15. ↑ Green 500 - June 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2017 .
  16. ↑ Green 500 - November 2017. Accessed November 15, 2017 .
  17. ↑ Green500 List for November 2019. In: top500.org. Prometeus GmbH, November 2019, accessed on December 24, 2019 (English).