Gymnastics Club Bozen 1862

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bozen gymnast. Cover picture of the festivities of the Bolzano gymnastics club for its 50th foundation on June 15 and 16, 1912
Membership card of the Bozen gymnastics club, front side (1920)

The Gymnastics Club Bozen 1862 was a national liberal and German national sports and cultural club in Bozen . It was the first gymnastics club in Tyrol and existed from 1862 to 1926 . As early as 1907, the gymnastics club adopted a discriminatory Aryan paragraph in its statutes.

The emergence of gymnastics in Tyrol

Gymnastics is a term coined by Friedrich Ludwig Jahn for the variety of physical exercises, which he saw as a way to develop the physical and moral strength of the people, to restore the German national spirit and the patriotic sentiment. The gymnast's motto is "Fresh, pious, happy, free". "Fromm" is meant in the sense of "righteous" and "full of character". The gymnast's cross was created from the first letters of the gymnast's motto, the four Fs. The gymnast salute was "Gut Heil!"

The German gymnastics system founded by Jahn was linked to the German national movement from the start. In Austria it was considered dangerous to the state after the bourgeois revolution of 1848/49 . One in Innsbruck in October 1849 on the suggestion of the Munich gymnastics club of Franz Thurner Called into being gymnastics club was for this reason, on 6 October 1850 by the Imperial and Royal Lieutenancy dissolved. Only after the Viennese gymnastics club had received official approval in March 1861, the Austrian gymnastics club could flourish. The Innsbruck gymnastics club was founded on October 25, 1863.

In 1874 the Tyrolean Turngau (district association of the Tyrolean gymnastics clubs as part of the German-Austria gymnastics group) was founded in Brixen .

The beginnings

The Bozen gymnastics club was founded on January 22nd, 1862 in the Gasthof Kaiserkrone . Hugo von Goldegg was the first chairman. The gymnastics teacher was Anton Schiestl from Innsbruck . On April 11, 1862, the association was officially approved.

The club's colors were black, red and gold . The flag made of silk and gold fabric in Vienna in 1863 showed the German colors on one side, including the German imperial eagle in gold, the Austrian coat of arms in black and the gymnast emblem - the four Fs - in the red field, while the other side in the The colors of the Tyrol - white and red - showed the Tyrolean eagle, the city arms of Bozen and again the gymnast emblem.

The Bozen gymnasts took part from 2nd to 5th August 1863 participated in the 3rd German Gymnastics Festival in Leipzig . There they made friends with the Wandsbeker Turnerbund in 1861.

The social significance

New Year's Eve bar of the Bozen gymnastics club (with emblem): Bozner Zeitung of January 3, 1891, p. 4
An invitation from the gymnastics club to the 1921 dance party

From the beginning, the Bolzano gymnastics club was not only a sports club, but also a circle in which the liberal Bolzano bourgeoisie gathered. The gymnastics club had its own group of singers (since 1890), pubs were held (there was even a weekly pub newspaper ) and balls were held.

The commitment to the community was evident in the establishment of a Turner fire department in 1864 . In 1874 this was part of the municipal volunteer fire brigade , which was also largely supported by gymnasts . Anton Schiestl was elected as their commander.

The gymnastics club was closely intertwined with the municipality: Mayor Dr. Joseph Streiter supported him from the beginning by making a room available. The former board member Dr. Julius Würzer was elected mayor Streiter's successor in 1870. The last German mayor of Bolzano, Dr. Julius Perathoner (1895 to 1922) had been a member of the Bolzano gymnastics club since 1872.

In 1907, the Bolzano gymnastics club received a new statute . According to Article 1, the "purpose of the gymnastics club (...) was to maintain and promote the German gymnastics, to raise and strengthen the German people's consciousness, as well as to promote sociable coexistence". According to Article 4, only those who “are of Aryan descent and declare themselves to be a member of the German people could become a member of the gymnastics club .”

In 1912, the Bolzano gymnastics club celebrated its 50th anniversary at the same time as the 9th Tyrolean Gauturnfest, to which several thousand gymnasts came to Bolzano. An extensive festschrift ("Festgabe") was published and the "Bozen Turner March" was played for the first time at the Festkommers in the gym, composed for the occasion by Robert Gasteiger , the director of the commercial school after which this Bozen school is named today.

Tyrolean gymnast feud

The Bolzano gymnastics club played a special role in the so-called "Tiroler Turnerfehde" in the years 1898–1902. It was an extremely tough argument about the introduction of the anti-Semitic Aryan paragraph into the statutes of the Tyrolean Turngau. The Bozen gymnasts were allegedly hostile to anti-Semitism .

sports

The main sport in the Bolzano gymnastics club was apparatus gymnastics , followed by fistball (which is practiced by many gymnasts as a ball sport to compensate), wrestling (a wrestling team was formed in 1906), mountaineering , fencing (a fencing team was formed in 1887; shortly afterwards it came into Bolzano to found the first Tyrolean fencing club, which made entry into the gymnastics club a condition for its members) and later also football .

The gym

The gym of the Bozen gymnastics club, built between 1893 and 1894, next to the Franz Joseph Jubilee School, which opened in 1908 , is now the Goethe School (photo taken around 1910)

On March 16, 1861, before the official founding, the community committee decided to make the community's own "Werkhaus" in Museumstrasse available to gymnasts. In addition, 352 guilders came from city funds to finance the adaptation to the gym and the procurement of gymnastics equipment.

In 1893 the Bolzano gymnastics club built a house in Vintlerstraße with its own funds . The land was made available by the city of Bolzano. The new gym was 27 meters long, 14.20 meters wide and 9.60 meters high. There was an apartment each on the first and second floors, and a meeting room for the gymnastics council and a law office on the ground floor.

In 1919 the gymnasium was decorated by the Bolzano artist Rudolf Stolz with a multi-part mural depicting four scenes from the Nibelungenlied : Siegfried's entry into Worms, the Nibelung's Danube journey, the feast at Pöchlarn and the battle for Etzel's castle.

"One last good health" - leaflet on the dissolution of the Bozen gymnastics club

resolution

After the annexation of South Tyrol to Italy in 1919, the Bolzano gymnastics club was able to continue its activities for several years. In 1926, like all German clubs in South Tyrol, he was a victim of the fascist Italianization policy . On November 17, 1926, the Bozen gymnastics club was informed that it had been dissolved by the "Vice-Quaestor of the Sub-Prefecture of Bolzano" and that its property had been confiscated. The gymnasium was passed on to the municipality and was given to the fascist youth organization Balilla and rebuilt in the " stile dell'impero ". The Nibelungen cycle of pride was destroyed. After the Second World War, the injustice committed was not reversed and the building was returned to the Bozen Turner, but in 1956 it was left to an Italian organization ( Sodalizio cattolico Italiano ). Until recently there was an Italian kindergarten ( Girasole ) in it. The house is currently empty.

Reparation

In 2013, the return of the gymnasium became the subject of public discussion for the first time in decades, when the chairwoman of the successor club of the South Tyrolean Sports Club in Bolzano demanded reparation for the fascist injustice. So far, demands for reparation have always been rejected by the Bolzano city administration.

Successor organizations

After the Second World War, the South Tyrolean Sports Club - Bolzano Section (SSV Bozen) was founded in Bolzano on November 17, 1945 as the legal successor to the Bolzano gymnastics club, in which gymnasts and those interested in sports found a new home. SSV Bozen is the only club in Italy where fistball is played. The Bozen fistball players play in the Austrian Bundesliga. They represent the Italian national fistball team.

literature

  • Festival of the Bozen gymnastics club for its 50th founding festival on June 15 and 16, 1912. Bozen 1912.
  • Karl Paulin: "Gymnasts up for a fight!" From the history of the Bozen gymnastics club. In: Bozner Tagblatt dated December 16, 1944, p. 6 ( digitized version ).
  • Monika Hilpold: Development of the gymnastics club in South Tyrol. Term paper, University of Vienna 1981.
  • Bruno Mahlknecht : Bozen through the centuries . tape 1 . Athesia Spectrum, Bozen 2005, ISBN 978-88-6011-020-6 , The former Bozner Turnverein, p. 141 ff .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Monika Hilpold: Development of the gymnastics club in South Tyrol , housework University of Vienna 1981, p. 11.
  2. ↑ 100 years of Innsbruck gymnastics club. Festschrift, Innsbruck 1963, p. 15.
  3. ↑ Monika Hilpold: Development of the gymnastics club in South Tyrol , housework University of Vienna 1981, p. 21.
  4. ↑ Announcement of the Bozen Gymnastics Club for its 50th founding festival on June 15 and 16, 1912. Bozen 1912, p. 14.
  5. ↑ Bozner Zeitung , March 28, 1863, p. 3.
  6. ↑ a b Festival of the Bozen gymnastics club for its 50th founding festival on June 15 and 16, 1912. Bozen 1912, p. 22.
  7. ↑ The friendly ties between the Bozener Turnverein from 1862 and the Wandsbeker Turnerbund from 1861 , in: 100 years Wandsbeker Turnerbund from 1861. Hamburg-Wandsbek 1961, p. 26.
  8. ↑ Announcement of the Bozen gymnastics club for its 50th founding festival on June 15 and 16, 1912. Bozen 1912, p. 37
  9. ^ Arnold Heidegger: The Turner singers and the small choir of the MGV Bozen . In: Der Schlern , 1973, p. 231.
  10. ^ Announcement of the Gymnastics Club Bozen for its 50th founding festival on June 15 and 16, 1912. Bozen 1912, p. 18.
  11. ↑ Bruno Mahlknecht: Bozen through the centuries . tape 1 . Athesia Spectrum, Bozen 2005, The former Bozner Turnverein, p. 146 .
  12. ^ Announcement of the Bozen gymnastics club for its 50th founding festival on June 15 and 16, 1912. Bozen 1912, p. 13.
  13. ^ Announcement of the Bozen Gymnastics Club for its 50th founding festival on June 15 and 16, 1912. Bozen 1912, p. 89.
  14. ^ Statutes of the Bozen gymnastics club, sentence 1 , Bozen: Moser 1907, p. 3.
  15. ^ Statutes of the Bozen gymnastics club, sentence 4 , Bozen: Moser 1907, p. 4.
  16. ↑ Karl Paulin: "Turner up for a fight!" From the history of the Bozner Turnverein , Bozner Tagblatt from December 16, 1944.
  17. ↑ School for Economics and Tourism with an attached School for Social Affairs "Robert Gasteiger" ( memento of the original from February 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lewit.bz.it
  18. ↑ Christoph von Ach: Resistance against anti-Semitism - The Tyrolean gymnastics feud and the Jewish-friendly Bozen gymnastics club , in: Dolomiten , June 21, 2012, p. 8.
  19. ↑ Joseph Except Dorfer: The sport in South Tyrol. Origin and becoming. Reimmichl Calendar 1974, p. 159.
  20. ↑ Announcement of the Bozen Gymnastics Club for its 50th founding festival on June 15 and 16, 1912. Bozen 1912, p. 33.
  21. ↑ Bruno Mahlknecht: Bozen through the centuries . tape 1 . Athesia Spectrum, Bozen 2005, The former Bozner Turnverein, p. 145 .
  22. ↑ Announcement of the Bozen gymnastics club for its 50th founding festival on June 15 and 16, 1912. Bozen 1912, p. 38.
  23. ^ Giselbert Hoke : Life and work of the painter Rudolf Stolz . Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1972, p. 221 .
  24. ↑ Bruno Mahlknecht: Bozen through the centuries . tape 1 . Athesia Spectrum, Bozen 2005, The former Bozner Turnverein, p. 147 .
  25. ↑ Dolomites, January 5, 1957, p. 5.
  26. ↑ "The Bolzano Sports Club has had enough - SSV President complains about the lack of compensation for the old gym" , in: Dolomiten, May 9, 2013, p. 23.
  27. ↑ Herbert Maurer: SSV Bozen as legal successor to the Gymnastics Club Bozen 1862 , in: Dolomiten, August 31, 2013, p. 35.
  28. ↑ SSV Bozen (volleyball)
  29. ↑ Fistball teams of the SSV Bozen ( Memento of the original from May 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.faustball.it