Lower Großhartmannsdorfer pond

Lower Großhartmannsdorfer pond
	Under Großhartmannsdorfer pond
Location:	Central Saxony district
Tributaries:	Großhartmannsdorfer Dorfbach, Kuhbach, Zethauer Kunstgraben , drainage middle Großhartmannsdorfer pond
Drain:	Großhartmannsdorfer Dorfbach, Müdisdorfer Kunstgraben and Rösche
Larger places nearby:	Großhartmannsdorf
	Saxony , Germany
Coordinates	50 ° 48 ′ 30 " N , 13 ° 20 ′ 22" E Coordinates: 50 ° 48 ′ 30 " N , 13 ° 20 ′ 22" E
	Data on the structure
Construction time:	from 1568
Height above valley floor:	5.80 m
Height above foundation level :	8.30 m
Height of the structure crown:	491.95 m
Building volume:	30,000 m³
Crown length:	494 m
Crown width:	17 m
Slope slope on the air side :	1: 2
Slope slope on the water side :	1: 1
	Data on the reservoir
Altitude (at congestion destination )	491.00 m
Water surface	61 ha
Storage space	1.58 million m³
Total storage space :	1.68 million m³
Catchment area	5.52 km²

The lower Großhartmannsdorfer Teich , also known as the Zehntler Teich or Großhartmannsdorfer Großteich , is the largest reservoir of the Freiberg Revierwasserlaufanstalt (RWA) in terms of area .

location

The pond is located northeast of Großhartmannsdorf between Großhartmannsdorf and Helbigsdorf .

history

In the place of today's pond there was a muddy depression with a small mill pond in the 16th century. This pond was developed into an artificial pond between 1568 and 1572 in order to ensure the water supply of the Freiberg mining facilities ( impact water for water wheels, water for stamp mills and iron washes ) even in times of low rainfall.

The bodies of water in Großhartmannsdorfer Dorfbach, Kuhbach and Zethauer Kunstgraben are dammed . In addition, the reservoir is connected to the Upper , Middle Großhartmannsdorfer Pond and the Rothbächer Pond by roses and artificial ditches .

The dam has been raised several times in the course of history, so that today, with a length of 492 meters, a capacity of more than 1.6 million m ³ and a storage area of over 60 hectares, it is the largest standing water in the area next to the dams built in the 20th century Erzgebirge is.

In the moor areas with a layer of peat up to 3 meters thick that remained next to the pond, peat was extracted intensively, especially from the 18th century onwards. A picture of peat extraction can be found in the well-known book Sylvicultura Oeconomica by Hans Carl von Carlowitz . The mining ended in 1961 due to pressure from nature conservation.

With the decline of Freiberg mining, the use of the Lower Großhartmannsdorfer Pond for mining water supply ended. Today the pond is used for the process water supply and to a lesser extent for flood protection.

Even when the pond was created, it was used for fish farming , especially for carp . This usage continues to this day.

dam

The dam is an earth dam with a clay core seal and a tarras wall on the waterside . Like all RWA systems, it has a harrow house with a slider, the harrow.

natural reserve

The Lower Großhartmannsdorfer Pond was designated as a nature reserve (NSG) in 1967 with an area of 110 hectares . In 1997 the area was expanded by another 45 hectares. The NSG is also part of the FFH area " Freiberger Bergwerksteiche ".

The flora includes around 260 species, including vaginal grass , mudweed , downy birch and cranberries . For the animal world, the pond is an important breeding, moulting and resting area for numerous water and marsh birds such as stick, teal, table and tufted ducks, great crested and little grebes, water rail, black-necked grebe, black tern and dunlin. In addition, various bat species use the pond with its insects as a source of food.

In the pond itself are due to the fish farming measures u. a. Carp, tench, pike, rudd and pikeperch at home. The pond and the surrounding area are also a habitat for amphibians such as common, pond and moor frogs, common toads, pond and mountain newts and grass snakes.

In addition, more than 70 species of spiders, 146 species of butterflies, 14 ground beetles and 12 species of grasshopper have been identified. The dragonfly fauna includes 29 species, including flat-bellied dragonflies, quadrupeds and great royal dragonflies.

Among the mammals there are harvest mice, polecats, mink and otters.

literature

Green League Osterzgebirge: NSG Großhartmannsdorfer Großteich . Series of nature reserves of the Osterzgebirge, Dippoldiswalde 2015

Web links

Commons : Unterer Großhartmannsdorfer Teich - Collection of images, videos and audio files