Velká Střelná

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Velká Střelná (German Groß Waltersdorf ) is a desert in the area of ​​the Libavá military training area in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers southwest of Město Libavá .

geography

Velká Střelná was located at the northwestern foot of the Hlásná ( Wachberg ) at 570 m above sea level. on a plateau between the valleys of the Lichnička and Střelenský creeks in the Oder Mountains . To the north rise the Pastviny (627 m), in the northeast the Prostřední kopec (586 m), in the south the Olomoucký Kopec ( Olmützberg , 633 m), southeast the Stráž (614 m), in the southwest the Švédská kupa ( Swedish crest , 636 m) ) and northwest of the Jasaní (556 m).

Surrounding villages were Smilov and Dřemovice in the north, Údolná and Olejovice in the Northeast, Velkostřelenský Mlyn, Pivovarský Kopec, milovaný and Čermná in the east, Nova Ves nad Odrou in the southeast, slate works, Varhošť and Jestřabí in the south, Nepřívaz in the southwest, Hrubá Voda in the West as well as Hühnerberk and Smilovský Mlýn in the northwest.

history

The first written mention of the Střelná forest took place in 1203 in a document from Margrave Vladislav Heinrich , in which he left the area to the Hradisko Monastery . The abbot Hermann had the area settled and a village, a monastery and one of St. Build Trinity consecrated church. The first written evidence of the village of Strelna comes from the year 1250. After King Přemysl Ottokar II gave the Olomouc bishop Bruno von Schauenburg part of the lordly forests in the mountains near Olomouc for his military support, the Střelná forest became from 1274 on the subject of dispute between the bishop and the monastery, in which Bruno tried to substantiate his claims to ownership by means of a forged document, according to which the settlement of Strelna with the little church belonged to the episcopal property. In 1284 King Wenceslas II granted the monastery the fortification of the monastic markets of Strelna Abbatis , Knínice , Svitávka , Kyjov and Hranice . The protracted dispute was finally settled by dividing the forest area. Wenceslas II transferred the estates Strzielna and Budišov to the diocese in 1305 , which they passed on to various vassals as a fief. During this time, what is now known as the "Old House" was probably the seat of the feudal lords. The owners included u. a. the Vladiken from Bystřice . In 1365 Aleš, Bohušek and Erazim von Bystřice had a dispute over their estates Bystřice, Mrsklesy and Strzilna . Aleš, who owned the farm and the Mrsklesy fortress and named himself von Mrsklesy after her , signed a morning gift from all three estates to his wife Anezka in 1373. In 1382 he sold half of the village to the brothers Wok and Lacek von Krawarn . In 1364 the place was called Waltersdorf , from 1365 as Strzilna , Strzilne , Strzielny , Strzelnye , Strzilny or Strzielne , from 1480 as Střílné , from 1545 as Střílno , from 1603 as Střílná and from 1631 as Waltersdorf . The first written message about the fortress came in 1552, when the Pavlat brothers from Olšany were enfeoffed with the fortress, the farm and the village of Střílno and the village of Čermná. This is probably no longer the "old house", but a new festival. The first news about the Church of St. Nicholas came in 1570. Later, the Counts von Würben had the fortress converted into a castle. During the Turkish invasion of 1663, 103 residents of Waltersdorf were slain. Regular school lessons began in 1707. The registers were kept in Habicht from 1712 and on site from 1783. Other forms of name were Waldersdorf (1676) and Waltersdorfium , Střelná (from 1771). The Hühnerberg settlement was established in 1786. At the beginning of the 19th century, Josef Wenzel von Würben had the Bores hunting lodge built on Bodenstadter Strasse. The dilapidated old castle opposite the Waltersdorfer Hof was converted into a residential building for the lordly officials after 1802. Subsequent owners of the estate were from 1820 Johann Nepomuk von Würben, then his son Eugen von Würben and Hořovice and from 1848 Eugen Dominik von Würben and Troppau.

After the abolition of patrimonial Waltersdorf / Střelný with the district Hühnerberg / Hühnerberk and the wastes Bräuerberg / Pivovarský Kopec , Waltersdorfer Mühle / Velkostřelenský Mlýn and Schieferwerke from 1850 formed a community in the district administration Mährisch Weißkirchen and the judicial district Liebaukirchen . In 1855 Waltersdorf / Střelná was assigned to the Liebau district, in 1868 to the Sternberg district and in 1909 to the Bärn district . The German place name was changed to Groß Waltersdorf in 1906 , and the spelling Großwaltersdorf was occasionally used. The Czech name Velká Střelná has been in use since 1915. In 1910 Groß Waltersdorf had 2064 inhabitants, in 1921 there were 1842. In 1924 a commercial advanced training school was opened in the village, in 1930 an agricultural elementary school and in 1936 a community school. In 1930 there were 1927 people in the 293 houses of the municipality, 32 of them were Czechs. The district of Hühnerberg consisted of ten houses and had 78 inhabitants. After the Munich Agreement , the municipality was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Bärn district until 1945 . In 1939 Groß Waltersdorf had 2005 inhabitants. After the end of the Second World War, Velká Střelná came back to Czechoslovakia . The German population was expelled and the place was partially repopulated with Czechs. As early as 1947, however, the evacuation of the village began in the course of the establishment of the Libavá military training area . In 1949 the de facto uninhabited community was assigned to the Okres Olomouc and officially abolished the following year. The empty houses were left to decay. After the church was first burned down by Red Army soldiers on New Year's Eve 1969 , the entire village was shot to death in 1970. The commanders observation station of the military training area was later built over the ruins of the village.

Slate mining

The Velká Střelná block slate deposit is the largest slate deposit in the Lower Jeseníky Mountains . The first slate quarries are said to have existed as early as the 16th century. The slate quarry has also been documented in writing since 1832. The focus of the mining was the areas south of the village, in particular the Olmützberg. In 1889 slate mining began in civil engineering. After the Groß Waltersdorfer slate mining came to a standstill after the First World War, it was resumed during the emergency in 1932 by the Olomouc company J. Řihák, which created 150 jobs. After the annexation to the German Reich, the German company Heinz, Tatzel & Co operated the Groß Waltersdorfer slate mine from 1939 and employed around 200 prisoners of war as workers during the Second World War. After the end of the war, the quarries were initially nationalized and a little later returned to J. Řihák. However, after the Germans had been expelled and the Czech repopulation was only slight, the company had great difficulties in gaining the necessary team. With the establishment of the military training area, the mining was stopped. After the Velvet Revolution , efforts to resume mining operations were made between 1992 and 1994, but failed because of the resistance of the army. The drained pits now serve as a drinking water reservoir for the municipality of Město Libavá .

Pit No. 4 is the deepest slate mine in the country with a depth of 158 meters.

Former monuments

  • Parish church of St. Nikolaus, it was built in 1752 instead of a previous building that has been documented since 1570. It was rebuilt after the fire of 1847. The building, which had been in disrepair since 1947, was burned down on New Year's Eve 1969 by members of the Red Army. A large heap of rubble overgrown with bushes has been preserved.
  • Memorial to the victims of the First World War, in front of the church

Attractions

  • Monument to the village of Velká Střelná, it was erected in 2003 in front of the ruins of the church on the base of the destroyed war memorial and has the shape of a wayside shrine.
  • The ramparts of the medieval fortress “Old House”, on the left side of the former road to Potštát , according to ceramic finds, it was probably built in the 13th century and was abandoned in the middle of the 16th century
  • Baroque hunting lodge Bores, south of Velká Střelná. It is documented for the first time in 1820, when after the death of Josef Wenzel von Würben Archbishop Rudolf passed the fiefdom administered by Johann von Troyer on to Josef Wenzel's son Johann Nepomuk.

Events

Velká Střelná is located within the absolutely restricted area and is only accessible annually on May 1st during the special opening of the military training area as part of the “Bílý kámen” cycle tourism campaign.

literature

  • Hausner, Johann: Yearbook of the homeland - slate quarries in Groß-Waltersdorf . Ed .: Adolf Gödel. Adolf-Gödel-Verlag, Inning am Ammersee 1953.
  • Hofmann, Johann: From the history of the slate village in the Oder Mountains. Adolf Gödel Publishing House. Wolfratshausen 1964.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Místopisný rejstřík obcí českého Slezska a severní Moravy (p. 668) ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.2 MB)
  2. ↑ Místopisný rejstřík obcí českého Slezska a severní Moravy (p. 668) ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.2 MB)
  3. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Bärn district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  4. ↑ http://www.kostely.tnet.cz/?load=detail&id=13939
  5. ↑ http://bilykamen-libava.cz/

Web links

Coordinates: 49 ° 40 ′  N , 17 ° 30 ′  E