Svitávka
| Svitávka | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Blansko | ||||
| Area : | 826 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 30 ' N , 16 ° 36' E | ||||
| Height: | 314 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,836 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 679 32 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Letovice - Boskovice | ||||
| Railway connection: | Brno – Česká Třebová | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | Městys | ||||
| Districts: | 2 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jaroslav Zoubek (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Hybešova 166 679 32 Svitávka |
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| Municipality number: | 582441 | ||||
| Website : | www.svitavka.com | ||||
Svitávka (German Zwittawka , also Swittawka , 1939-1945: Zwittales ) is a minority in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers northwest of Boskovice and belongs to the Okres Blansko .
geography
Svitávka is located in the Boskovice furrow . The town lies on both sides of the Svitava River at the confluence of the Semíč and Sebránek streams. To the north rise the Skřib (470 m), Hradisko (390 m) and Kopanisko (405 m), in the southeast of the Habří (451 m) and the Rovná (446 m), to the west of the Podsedky (421 m) and in the northwest of the Kojavy (496 m) and the Drábovka (469 m). The railway line Česká Třebová – Brno runs through Svitávka . State road I / 43 / E461 runs from Brno to Svitavy to the west of the village , from which roads I / 19 to Kunštát and II / 150 to Boskovice branch off to the south . To the east of the village are the embankments of the unfinished Vienna-Wroclaw Reichsautobahn , which was supposed to cross the Svitava here.
Neighboring towns are Zboněk and Míchov in the north, Hodiška, Bačov and Sudice in the northeast, Chrudichromy in the east, Boskovice and Mladkov in the southeast, Skalice nad Svitavou and Vaculka in the south, Sebranice in the southwest, Podchlumí and Újezd in the west and Nýrov , Sasina and Klevetov in the Northwest.
history
Archaeological finds have shown that the area has been inhabited since the Neolithic Age . In 1962, human bones were found at the brickworks in the western part of the village. According to a radiocarbon dating , they come from a woman from the Neolithic Age. On the Hradisko there was since the end of the 4th millennium BC A settlement site; since the 17th century BC The smelting of metal can be proven in the 15th century BC. There was a stone fortress on the mountain.
The first mention of the place took place in 1169, when Vladislav II. The Hradisko Monastery , the parish and the town of Svitávka including the toll on the bridge across the Svitava and the villages Míchov gave and Zboněk. In this context, the privilege of a Saturday market was also mentioned. Svitávka was located on the Strenitzer Steig, one of the oldest streets between Prague and Brno , and enjoyed other privileges, the documents of which the monastery withdrew after taking over ownership. Probably in the 13th century Svitávka was attached to the Knínice provost. By King Wenceslas I Svitávka was raised to a free municipal town in the middle of the 13th century. At the same time, Wenceslas I granted the town the privilege of building a brewery and allowed all citizens to tap freely. In addition, Svitávka had the privilege of holding two annual markets at that time, which were held on Mondays after St. George and St. Gallus. After Svitávka was devastated by enemy raids, King Wenceslas II allowed the construction of a city fortification. Around 1342 the robber baron Mikeš from Žampach and Potštejn conquered the town and plundered it. During the Hussite Wars , Svitávka was withdrawn from the monastery and in 1461 came as a pledge to Vaněk von Boskowitz . King Wladislaw Jagiello pledged the Knínice provost with the towns of Knínice and Svitávka and the villages of Světlá , Cetkovice , Šebetov , Uhřice , Kořenec , Úsobrno and Okrouhlá to his advisor Ladislav von Boskowitz in 1499 . This established a manorial estate in Knínice and added other villages to it. Later the rule came back to the Hradisch Monastery. At the request of the abbot Jan Ponětovský von Ponětov , Emperor Rudolf II confirmed all the privileges of Svitávka on January 15, 1583 and at the same time left the right to use a town seal with the image of the patron saint of the monastery, St. Stephan. There were two mills in Svitávka; the lower mill has been documented as the property of Bedřich Drahanovský von Pěčín since 1616, the middle mill belonged to the abbot of the monastery. During the Thirty Years' War, the Swedes invaded Svitávka from Hodiška and plundered the place. In the second half of the 17th century a distillery and fulling mill was set up in the lower mill by Boskowitz citizens. In 1690 a flood of the Svitava flooded the place. In 1715 a new stone bridge was built across the river. After the abolition of the monastery in the course of the Josephine reforms, its goods fell to the religious fund in 1784. During the great fire of 1793, which also hit the town hall, some of the documents and documents from the archive were saved. At the beginning of the 19th century, a textile factory was established in the Untermühle. In 1821 and 1832, Svitávka was hit by cholera epidemics. In 1825 Karl Graf Strachwitz bought the Šebetov estate. His son Moritz Graf Strachwitz inherited the property in 1837. In 1839 the factory owner Moses Löw-Beer from Zwittau acquired the textile factory.
After the replacement of patrimonial Svitávka formed from 1850 a market town in the district authority Boskovice . In the years 1939 to 1941, construction work for the Reichsautobahn Vienna-Breslau took place east of the village . At the end of the Second World War, the remnants of the Army Group had occupied the strategically important intersection in Goldenbrunn since April 1945 and mined the bridge over the Sebránek. On May 9, 1945, the German troops fled. The Jewish entrepreneurial family Löw-Beer was largely destroyed during the Holocaust. At the beginning of 1961 Sasina was incorporated, at the same time the community was assigned to Okres Blansko . Svitávka has had a coat of arms and a banner since 1998. On October 10, 2006 Svitávka received the status of a Městys back.
Community structure
The Městys Svitávka consists of the districts Sasina ( Sasin ) and Svitávka ( Zwittawka ), which also form cadastral districts.
Attractions
- Church of John the Baptist
- Burgstall Hradisko
- Ruins of the chapel of the Holy Spirit on Hradisko, the building erected in the mid-19th century fell into disrepair after 1950
- Chapel of St. John of Nepomuk
- Villa Benno, built between 1900 and 1902 for Benno Löw-Beer , today the seat of the municipal administration
- Small Villa Löw-Beer, built in 1906 for Alfred Löw-Beer according to plans by the Viennese architect Josef Nebehosteny , today privately owned.
- former Zlatá studna in Vaculka
- Freedom Monument (Boží muka svobody) at the crossroads in Vaculka, the memorial, partly built as an urn column and prayer column, is flanked by tombstones for five residents who fell victim to National Socialist terror between 1942 and 1945.
