Olešnice na Moravě
| Olešnice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Blansko | ||||
| Area : | 1252 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 33 ' N , 16 ° 25' E | ||||
| Height: | 541 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,672 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 679 74 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Rozseč nad Kunštátem - Bystré | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Zdeněk Peša (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | náměstí Míru 20 679 74 Olešnice |
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| Municipality number: | 582158 | ||||
| Website : | www.olesnice.cz | ||||
Olešnice ( German Oels ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located 11 km west of Letovice and belongs to the Okres Blansko .
geography
Olešnice is located in the upper Swratka mountains , a part of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands , in the Nyklovický valley, which joins the Veselský potok to form the Hodonínka . Olešnice, which historically belonged to Moravia , lies on the historical border with Bohemia . Today the Bohemian Okres Svitavy and the Moravian Okres Žďár nad Sázavou border the Okres Blansko here. To the east rise the Špilberk ( Spielberg , 653 m) and the Kamperk ( Kammberg , 640 m), in the southwest of the Srstkův kopec (611 m) and in the west of the Kopaniny (688 m).
Neighboring towns are Kněževes and Jobova Lhota in the north, Veselka and Ústup in the north-east, Rozsíčka in the east, Crhov in the south-east, Křtěnov in the south, Lhota u Olešnice in the south-west, Malé Tresné in the west and Lamberk, Velké Tresné and Trpín in the north-west.
history
Olešnice was probably built in the 11th century, but the first mention of 1073 turned out to be a forgery made in 1163. During the settlement of the Bohemian outskirts in the middle of the 13th century, King Přemysl Ottokar II had German colonists build the settlement of Deutsch Oels on the eastern bank opposite the village of Olešnice in the area of today's market square. To distinguish the street village on the Moravian side was now called Moravská Olešnice or Moravian Oels. The place was part of the Louka lordship and was owned by the Lomnice lords. During their reign, several inheritance divisions took place, which led to a fragmentation of the territory.
Deutsch Oels developed into a market town that has been called a town since 1360. The parish church of St. Peter and Paul had existed in Deutsch Oels since 1283, and its pastor baptized Ješek von Falkenstein (1282–1296), the illegitimate son of Queen Kunigunde as Zawisch von Falkenstein . The town temporarily formed its own rulership, which also included some surrounding villages. In 1442 the Hussites invaded the town and sacked it. After the reconstruction of the destroyed parish church, it was consecrated to St. Laurentius.
In 1496 Wilhelm II of Pernstein acquired the rule including the town and reunited the area. His grandson Vratislav had to sell the property. The rule came to Johanna Eva von Liechtenstein via Hans Friedrich Graf von Hardegg , who united her with the rule of the Kunstadt . Several guilds existed in Deutsch Oels since the 16th century . The guild letters of tailors (1539), weavers (1545) and cloth makers (1610) are the oldest of these.
In the Thirty Years' War, in which the town suffered severe damage and 800 of the inhabitants left the devastated place, Heinrich Graf von Schlick acquired the rule in 1638 and separated it from Kunstadt. In 1674, 24 of the 123 houses were still in ruins.
The new owner of the estate, Karl Benedikt Graf von Lamberg , promoted the depressed town in 1702 by lowering the fron on the condition that the residents paid off their debts and poured his beer in the manor house. In 1725 Johann von Lamberg had the St. Nicholas Church built in Mährisch Oels. Between 1772 and 1790, the number of inhabitants in Deutsch Oels grew again from 1119 to 1370.
During the First Silesian War , on May 9, 1742, between Deutsch Oels and Austup, there was a night battle between Austrian and Saxon troops, in which the Saxons suffered a heavy defeat. In addition to more than 100 dead, they also lost 200 men in Austrian captivity.
Around 1750 Deutsch Oels lost the right of embarrassing jurisdiction . In 1759 the village of Moravská Olešnice was united with Deutsch Oels and Oels in Moravia came back to the rule of the Kunstadt. After Joseph II issued the tolerance patent, a strong Protestant community developed in the town. In the 18th century, the Danzinger family founded a blueprint workshop . The meat banks at the Laurentiuskirche were converted into a schoolhouse in 1799.
At the beginning of the 19th century there were several city fires in Oels, the most devastating of which broke out in 1827. The town church of St. Laurentius from the 15th century was also destroyed. It was rebuilt between 1831 and 1839, but has now been consecrated to St. Leopold. The Protestant church was built from 1860 to 1868. During this time, companies also settled. An artificial flower factory started production around 1850. Shootings broke out in the city during the German War in 1866. The calcareous stone quarries in the area, whose rock was called Oels marble , became important.
In 1859, a theater association was founded under the direction of Pastor Pleskač, who collected the fairy tales and legends of the area and also wrote plays in the Czech language. After the inauguration of the new schoolhouse on the Moravian side, the old schoolhouse at the town church was converted into a theater from 1878. At that time there were no permanent permanent structures as theaters in Moravia apart from the Redoute in Brno , so that the second oldest stone theater building in Moravia stood in Olešnice, which has since been demolished.
The town church was consecrated again in 1943 to St. Laurentius. After 1990 the municipal swimming pool was reconstructed. In 1999 Olešnice received city rights. On the evening of July 15, 2002, the city was damaged by a flood after a heavy thunderstorm in which the Veselský potok and Nyklovický potok rose to torrential rivers. As a result, a system of five flood retention basins was created northeast of Olešnice at Veselský potok.
City structure
The town of Olešnice includes the districts Moravská strana, Hliníky and Vejpustek ( Weypustek ) as well as the manor Lamberk ( Lamberg ).
Attractions
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- The town hall was built in 1794, after 1980 an annex was added
- City church of St. Laurentius from the 19th century
- Statue of St. Wenceslas on the market square
- Memorial plaque to the battle in the German War of 1866
- St. Nicholas Church in Moravská strana from 1725, remodeled in 1882.
- 18th and 19th century log houses in Vejpustek
- Lamberk Castle, built by Johann Graf von Lamberg in 1700
- Skalkiwald with the former execution site Na spravedlnosti
- medieval silver mine near Rozsíčka
- Listed folk architecture in Veselka and a memorial from 1921 for the Italian legionnaire Václav Tintěra, who was executed by the Austrians on June 18, 1918 in Conegliano
- Louka castle ruins on the 635 m high Hradisko
- Kopaniny mountain with a lookout tower, west of the city
sons and daughters of the town
- Vladimír Dufka (1892–1969), Czech architect
- Alois Bauer (1926–1945), resistance fighter from the Předvoj group , shot by the Nazis
- Vladimír Blažka (1920–1945), resistance fighter from the Předvoj group , shot by the Nazis
Worked in place
- The family of the baroque painter Karel Škréta , who was born in Prague in 1610, comes from Olešnice
- Josef Augusta , paleontologist 1932–1933 taught at the local school
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/582158/Olesnice
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
