Land surveying offices in Germany

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The survey offices in Germany are organized due to the federal structures at the country level and at the local level. There is therefore no central office for official surveying in Germany . The Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy performs federal tasks in the field of cartography and geodesy, with the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency responsible for nautical charts .

Larger municipalities often have their own land surveying office to perform municipal surveying tasks (e.g. for engineering surveys or for managing geographic information systems ), whereby, depending on the federal state, the real estate cadastre is kept by a state authority in the federal state (example: state survey offices in Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt) . In a number of federal states, the tasks of managing the real estate cadastre are localized, i.e. H. has been assigned as a task to the municipal surveying offices (example: North Rhine-Westphalia, Brandenburg).

Several countries have canceled the previous designation and found other designations, most of which contain the root word Geo (e.g. Office for Geoinformation ) .

The publicly appointed surveyors are involved in the sovereign tasks in the real estate cadastre area - with the exception of the state of Bavaria .

organization

According to the Basic Law , the federal states are responsible for official land surveying. As a result, the surveying and cadastral administrations are organized differently from country to country:

tasks

The tasks to be performed are quite similar, even with different names:

  • The management of the real estate cadastre , in the classic sense the cadastral maps (real estate maps / land maps), the cadastral books (real estate books) and the survey figures (supplementary maps, survey plans). The books and maps are now kept as data records in the computer ( geodata ), but analog documents from earlier times are often important documents and are therefore still stored in the archives of the land surveying offices. In the case of the surveying number, the underlying documents are also held in the same way; to an increasing extent, however, these are made available for use with document management systems in digital form.
  • The cadastral survey (e.g. continuation surveys and boundary determinations on parcels ).
  • The technical processing of land management procedures (e.g. reallocation according to the Building Code or land consolidation according to the Land Consolidation Act ).

This includes in detail:

Parcel and owner directory

The extracts from the real estate cadastre are now database queries for parcels from ALKIS and are created automatically. The real estate cadastre describes the properties with their spatial or cadastral-relevant attributes (parcel) and is to be distinguished from the land register , which primarily documents ownership and other legal relationships.

Cadastral map system

The cadastral maps (land maps ) were mostly laid out on a scale of 1: 500 to 1: 2500 (in the high mountains also 1: 5000). Where older cadastral plans created graphically or with a measuring table are still valid (in some cases 1: 1440 or 1: 2880), they are converted to the newer scales and re-measured. As a reference system , the respective official position reference system that serves land surveying .

With the introduction of computer technology into the cadastral system, the automated property map (ALK) was used. It is no longer created as a cartographic product, but is automatically generated from the objects stored in the databases of the real estate cadastre. However, in many federal states the ALK is not yet available nationwide with sufficient accuracy (e.g. if it was generated by graphic digitization) to serve as a basis for cadastral surveys (cadastral evidence), so that analog documents (maps, cracks, Measurement certificates) must be used.

Cadastral survey

Cadastral surveys (land surveying, real estate surveying) are mostly used to review parcel boundaries (boundary determination) including the marking , the splitting up and amalgamation of parcels as well as the recording of buildings and types of use for the real estate cadastre.

In Bavaria, field juries were previously entrusted with the measurement. To this day, members of this group in Bavaria are involved in the demarcation act in close cooperation with the land surveying offices. In addition to the cadastral administrations, publicly appointed surveyors are also commissioned with the technical surveying and documentation of the measurement results in all countries with the exception of Bavaria.

In addition to the actual cadastral surveying, land surveying offices also have to fulfill tasks in the basic surveying and to keep the fixed point network (fixed and switch-on points of the surveying network) intact. However, with the increasing use of satellite measurement technology (e.g. using GPS or SAPOS ), this task is becoming increasingly less important.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ State Office for Geoinformation and Rural Development: Organization. In: www.lgl-bw.de. Retrieved September 26, 2016 .