Leafless speedwell

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Leafless speedwell
Leafless speedwell (Veronica aphylla)

Leafless speedwell ( Veronica aphylla )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Plantain family (Plantaginaceae)
Tribe : Veroniceae
Genre : Speedwell ( Veronica )
Type : Leafless speedwell
Scientific name
Veronica aphylla
L.

The leaf lots speedwell ( Veronica aphylla ), also nude stem speedwell called, is a plant of the genus speedwell ( Veronica ) within the family of plantain plants (Plantaginaceae).

description

Illustration from Jacob Sturm: Germany's flora in illustrations after nature , 1830
Habit, leaves, inflorescence and flowers with indument
Illustration from Atlas de la Flora Alpine , plate 377
Habit with inflorescence; The hairiness of the leaves is also clearly visible

Vegetative characteristics

The leafless speedwell grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 3 to 6 (1 to 8) centimeters. Thin runners are formed near the ground, underground. All above-ground parts of the plant are hairy ( indument ). The leafless speedwell forms a prostrate, compressed, 1 to 4 centimeter long stem on which the leaves are so close that the effect of a basal leaf rosette is created.

The opposite leaves are stalked or sessile. The simple leaf blade is 1 to 2 centimeters long and 5 to 10 millimeters wide and is broadly ovate, ovoid-elliptical, elliptical-oblong to rounded or obovate and clearly notched. The leaf blade is hairy to dense and long.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to August. The upright, 3 to 6 centimeters long, hairy inflorescence stem is leafless. The racemose , glandular hairy inflorescence contains only small bracts and two to six flowers. The flower stalk is up to 10 millimeters long.

The hermaphrodite flowers are four-fold with a double flower envelope . The four glandular hairy sepals are almost the same, with a length of about 3 millimeters oblong with a blunt upper end. The four 6 to 8 millimeter long petals are blue-lilac, lilac to blue-violet or deep blue with darker radial stripes. The corolla has a diameter of 6 to 8 millimeters.

The capsule fruit extends twice over the calyx. The glandular capsule fruit is 7 to 8 millimeters long and 5 to 6.5 millimeters wide, flattened, broadly elliptical or obovate and with a pointed edge. The style is shorter or longer than the fruit.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 9; there is diploidy with a chromosome number of 2n = 18.

ecology

The leafless speedwell is a mesomorphic hemicryptophyte . The leafless speedwell is a root creeper .

The propagation takes place via seeds and vegetatively.

The leafless speedwell is self-compatible. Pollination can be done by insects or self-pollination . From an ecological point of view, these are flowers with completely hidden nectar . Typical pollinators are bees , bumblebees , wasps , bombylids and syrphids .

Occurrence

The leafless speedwell thrives in the mountains from Central, East, South and Southeast Europe to the Pyrenees , the Jura and the Alps to the Carpathians , in southern Italy and in central Greece. There are localities for Spain , France , Germany , Austria , Liechtenstein , Switzerland , Italy , Poland , Slovakia , Slovenia , Serbia , Croatia , Romania , Albania , Greece , Moldova and Ukraine .

The occurrence of the leafless speedwell lies in the limestone Alps and the mountains of southern and central Europe . In Austria the leafless speedwell is often found in the alpine altitude range and is absent in Burgenland and Vienna. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of up to 2224 meters on the summit of the Nebelhorn .

The lime-loving leafless speedwell colonizes open stone or lean lawns in snow-swept ridges , rubble and snow valleys at altitudes of 1200 to 2800 meters. It occurs primarily in plant communities of the order Seslerietalia or the Elynion association, but also in snow- soil communities (Salicetea herbaceae).

The ecological indicator values ​​according to Landolt & al. 2010 are: humidity number F 3 = moderately moist, light number L 4 = bright, reaction number R 5 = basic (pH 6.5 to 8.5), temperature number T 1+ = below-alpine, supra-subalpine and upper-subalpine (Swiss stone pines Larch forests), nutrient number N 2 = low in nutrients, continental number K 4 = subcontinental (low relative humidity, large temperature fluctuations, rather cold winters). The ecological indicator values ​​according to Ellenberg are: light index L 8 = half-light to full-light plant, temperature index T 2 = cold to cool indicator, continental index K 4 = shows moderate sea climate, humidity index F 5 = freshness indicator, humidity change: shows no change in humidity, reaction number R 8 = Weak base to base / lime pointer, nitrogen number: 2 = showing pronounced nitrogen poverty to nitrogen poverty, salt number: 0 = not salt bearing, heavy metal resistance: not heavy metal resistant.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Veronica aphylla was in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, page 11. The specific epithet aphylla means "leafless". Synonyms for Veronica aphylla L. are: Veronica nudicaulis Lam. nom. illeg., Veronica muelleri closet nom. illeg., Veronica depauperata Waldst. & Kit. , Veronica subacaule Lam. , Veronica longistyla Ball .

Common names

Trivial names in other languages ​​are:

  • French: Véronique à tige nue
  • Italian: Veronica minore

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Stuart M. Walters, David A. Webb, NG Marchant: Veronica L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (Eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 246–247 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Veronica aphylla L., Nacktstiel-Ehrenpreis. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Veronica aphylla L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Leafless speedwell . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Stuart M. Walters, David A. Webb, NG Marchant: Veronica L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb ( Ed.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 246–247 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  5. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . P. 843.
  6. ↑ Veronica aphylla at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  7. ^ A b Veronica aphylla in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  8. ↑ a b Karol Marhold: Plantaginaceae. : Veronica aphylla In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  9. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2. IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich, 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 448.
  10. ↑ Linné 1753: scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  11. ↑ Veronica aphylla at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved December 25, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Leafless Speedwell ( Veronica aphylla )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files