Vestia foetida
| Vestia foetida | ||||||||||||
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Vestia foetida |
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| Vestia | ||||||||||||
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| Vestia foetida | ||||||||||||
| ( Ruiz & Pav. ) Hoffmanns. |
Vestia foetida ( Synonym : Vestia lycioides Willd. ) Is a species of plant inthe nightshade family (Solanaceae). It is the only species of the genus Vestia that was named after the Austrian botanist and doctor Lorenz Chrysanth von Vest (1776 - 1840).
description
Vestia foetida are strongly branched shrubs with a height of 1 to 1.5 m. The plants give off a foul smelling odor. Crystal sand can be found in the cells .
The pendulous flowers are on short flower stalks. They are mostly hairless, only on the edges of the dorsal side of the corolla lobes and the area in which the stamens have grown together with the corolla tube is hairy to be found. The calyx is 10 to 13 mm long, the sepals end in pointed, short and wide calyx lobes. The petals are greenish-yellow and form a crown about 30 to 33 mm, from which the retained on long stamens stamens protruding significantly. The stamens, which vary in length, are slightly fused with them above the lower quarter of the petals. The stamens are enlarged in the area of the intergrowth. The anthers are elliptical-egg-shaped, about 2 mm long and not papillary . The pollen is 50 to 60 µm in size and has a roughly folded surface, the outer layer of the pollen grain wall is thin. The ovary is sitting on the base of the flower, and has many ovules .
The fruits are 22 to 25 × 11 to 13 mm large, two-lobed capsules . Each flap is divided into two parts. In each fruit there are about 50 almost polyhedral , angular seeds with a size of 2.4 to 3.4 × 1.8 to 2.2 × 1.4 to 1.7 mm. The surface of the seeds is bumpy with transverse furrows. The embryo is located in a fleshy endosperm , is 2.3 to 2.6 mm long, the cotyledons are slightly longer than the rest of the embryo.
The two known chromosome counts from 1954 and 1956 confirm a chromosome number of and .
ingredients
There is relatively little work on the phytochemicals of Vestia foetida . Among other things, a hitherto unknown was in the plant glycoside found and with evidence of a β-carboline - alkaloid (see Harman alkaloids ) for the first time a indoles found alkaloid in the nightshade family. In addition, insonuate genin and diosgenin were detected, both substances that can also be found in the closely related hammer bushes ( cestrum ).
Occurrence
The species comes from the temperate south of South America , where it is used for medicinal purposes under the popular names "palqui negro" or "huevil".
Systematics
Both in the morphologically based systematics of the nightshade family according to William D'Arcy and Armando Hunziker and in the molecular biological systematics according to Richard Olmstead , the genus is placed in the tribe Cestreae in the subfamily Cestroideae. In addition to the hammer bushes ( cestrum ), Hunziker only counts the genus Sessea in this tribe, in which D'Arcy and Olmstead also agree. D'Arcy also places Metternichia , Phrodus and the Sesseopsis and Olmstead Metternichia, later assigned to the Sessea , in this tribe.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Robert Zander : Zander hand dictionary of plant names. Edited by Fritz Encke , Günther Buchheim, Siegmund Seybold . 14th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-5063-8 .
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ↑ a b c d e Armando T. Hunziker : The Genera of Solanaceae. ARG Gantner Verlag KG, Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001. ISBN 3-904144-77-4 . Pages 36-38.
- ↑ Cf. JAM van Balken: Overview of Solanaceae Species ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , online.
- ↑ RG Olmstead et al .: Phylogeny and Provisional Classification of the Solanaceae Based on Chloroplast DNA (PDF; 131 kB) . In Solanaceae IV, Advances in Biology and Utilization , editors: M. Nee, DE Symon, JP Jessup, and JG Hawkes, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1999. Pages 111-137.
