Viktor Hambarzumjan

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Viktor Hambarzumjan

Victor Ambartsumian or Ambarzumjan , ( Armenian Վիկտոր Համբարձումյան in scientific transliteration Viktor Hambarjowmyan ; born September 5 . Jul / 18th September  1908 greg. In Tbilisi , Georgia ; † 12. August 1996 in Byurakan in Yerevan , Armenia ) was an Armenian Astrophysicist and astronomer .

Due to the Russification that is common in the USSR , he is known outside Armenia primarily as Viktor Amasaspowitsch Ambarzumjan or Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian ( Russian Виктор Амазаспович Амбарцумян).

The scientist, also highly respected in the West, wrote not only numerous research papers but also popular articles on cosmology . He was a materialist and a follower of dialectical materialism .

Work areas

As an astrophysicist , Ambarzumjan initially dealt with star associations and models of star evolution , later also with nebulae , galaxies and cosmology . He introduced the theory of the active galaxy nucleus in the 1950s .

Because of his scientific merits, but also his closeness to the government, the Astronomical Council of the Soviet Academy of Sciences chose him as its president. In the 1970s he published on philosophical questions of particle physics and dialectical materialism .

Career

Viktor Hambarzumjan graduated from the Leningrad State University , worked with Aristarch Belopolski at the Pulkovo Observatory from 1928 to 1931 and was professor in Leningrad from 1934 to 1943 . In 1946 he founded the Bjurakan Astrophysical Observatory . He discovered the star associations in 1947 and provided essential work on star structure, nova eruptions and unstable galactic cores . He became a member of the Armenian Academy of Sciences and was its president from 1947 to 1993.

He was the first to write a book in Russia on theoretical astrophysics and was the first to believe that T-Tauri stars are very young from an astronomical point of view. From 1961 to 1964 he was President of the International Astronomical Union .

In Time Magazine's list of “Most Important People of the 20th Century” , Hambarzumjan was ranked third among the top ten personalities in 2000 in the “Most Important Scientists and Thinkers” category.

Monument in the Yerevan Observatory

Honors

In 1957 he was elected a corresponding member of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin ; since 1969 he belonged to this academy as a foreign member. In 1958 he became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Académie des sciences in Paris. In 1959 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and the National Academy of Sciences . In 1968 he became a member of the Royal Society and in 1970 he became a member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences .

The asteroid (1905) Ambartsumian was named after him.

Awards

Viktor Hambarzumjan Prize

Since 2010, every two years the Armenian Academy of Sciences has awarded the US $ 500,000 Viktor Hambarzumjan Prize for Services in Astrophysics.

Private

Viktor Hambarzumjan had four children. His son Ruben Hambarzumjan is a mathematician specializing in stochastic geometry and a member of the Armenian Academy of Sciences , his son Rafael Hambarzumjan is a laser physicist.

Writings and works

  • The universe . JA Barth, Leipzig 1953
  • The star associations and the formation of the stars . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1951
  • Philosophical problems in the physics of elementary particles . Mainz, Munich 1966
  • Philosophical Problems of Modern Cosmology . German Science Publishing House, Berlin 1965
  • Problems of Modern Cosmogony . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1980
  • Structure and forms of matter, dialectical materialism and modern science . German Science Publishing House, Berlin 1969
  • Theoretical astrophysics . German Science Publishers, Berlin 1957
  • VAAmbartsumian. Selected papers: Stars, Nebulae and Galaxies . Editor G.Meylan, Cambridge Scientific Publishers, v.1 (450pp.), V.2 (450pp.), 2006.

literature

Web links

Commons : Viktor Hambarzumjan  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ G. Israelian : Victor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian, 1912-1996 . In: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society . Vol. 29 , No. 4 , 1997, Obituaries - Prepared by the Historical Astronomy Division, pp. 1466 f . (English, online [accessed August 24, 2020]).
  2. ^ 11th Solvay Conference
  3. ^ The Most Influential People of the 20th Century poll ( Memento April 8, 2000 in the Internet Archive ) Scientists & Thinkers, Time Magazine 2000
  4. ^ Members of the previous academies. Viktor Amasaspowitsch Ambarzumjan. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on February 15, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Roster Leopoldina, Viktor A. Ambarcumjan
  6. ^ Members of the Royal Society 1660-2007
  7. ^ Members of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences
  8. ^ Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Volume 1 in the Google Book Search
  9. ↑ a b c d Viktor Hambarzumjan - biography. Retrieved April 25, 2018 (Russian).
  10. ↑ see the award's homepage at http://vaprize.sci.am/ (English)
personal data
SURNAME Hambarzumjan, Viktor
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Վիկտոր Համբարձումյան (Armenian); Ambarzumjan, Viktor Amasaspowitsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Armenian astrophysicist and astronomer
DATE OF BIRTH September 18, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Tbilisi , Georgia
DATE OF DEATH August 12, 1996
Place of death Bjurakan near Yerevan