Virgl

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Virgl
Aerial view of Bozen from the north-east with the Virgl reaching into the urban settlement

Aerial view of Bozen from the north-east with the Virgl reaching into the urban settlement

height 453  m slm
location Bolzano
Mountains Fiemme Valley Alps
Coordinates 46 ° 29 '28 "  N , 11 ° 21' 22"  E Coordinates: 46 ° 29 '28 "  N , 11 ° 21' 22"  E
Virgl (South Tyrol)
Virgl

The Virgl ([ frgl ]; Italian Virgolo ) is a rocky knoll south of the old town of Bozen in the formerly independent cadastral community of Zwölfmalgrei or the district of Oberau-Haslach . It is a 453  m slm high foothills of the Kohlerer Berg or Titschen, which in turn represents the northwest corner of the Regglberg . The Virgl is surrounded by the Eisack and is considered the small local mountain of the South Tyrolean capital. Lithostratigraphically , it belongs to the Etschtal volcanic group .

Etymologically , the name could go back to a Latin verrucula (German "small wart, warmth"), which was Germanized to * firgula relatively early . The elevation is significant in terms of urban history with the remains of the high medieval Weineck castle and two church buildings, the Romanesque chapel of St. Vigil under Weineck am Virgl and the baroque Holy Grave Church , to which a Way of the Cross with individual stations leads as a Calvary .

The Virgl from the south-east with the Heiliggrabkirche , the Brenner autobahn and the Eisack

The Lombard monk Paulus Diaconus mentions a Bavarian border count in Bozen ( comes Baioariorum quem illi gravionem dicunt ) in 679 , who had bid on Bauzanum et reliqua castra ; often in the literature the Virgl is regarded as its seat and as a kind of fortified refuge . The Virgl was first mentioned in the notary register of Jakob Haas with its resident Kunz de Virgile in 1237 . In the year 1295 in Jakob Tugehenn's notary register , Pertold, son of Jakobs de Firgele , is another bearer of the name. In the year 1487 the alternative name Kofel ( on the Kofel vnnder Weinegkh in the pharr zu Botzenn ) is also used for the Virgl . In a Bolzano deed from 1490, the location also appears in the awen vnder sand Vigilyen kofel .

In 1907 the summit was opened up with the Virglbahn , which reached the Virglwarte restaurant and was destroyed in the bombing of the Brenner railway line during the Second World War (1943). Between 1957 and 1976 a cable car connected the Virgl with the Bozner Boden. Since then, a narrow driveway has ensured that the Virgl can be reached.

From 1940 the road tunnel of the Brennerstaatsstraße crossed the Virgl . In 1944/45 there was an underground production facility ( code name cuckoo ) in the tunnel. Several dozen forced laborers from the Bolzano transit camp were used for production. The inmates of the Virgl satellite camp had to manufacture ball bearings for the IMI from Ferrara for the National Socialist war economy. Since 1974 the Virgl has also been tunnelled by two tubes of the Brenner motorway .

literature

  • Richard Staffler: The court names of Twelve Males and Leifers. Bozen Yearbook for History, Culture and Art 1952, Innsbruck, Wagner 1952, pp. 98–101 (online)

Web links

Commons : Virgolo / Virgl  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Diether Schürr: To the origin of Tramin - Termeno . In: Archivio per l'Alto Adige , 99–100 / 2005–2006, pp. 405–424.
  2. ^ Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum. (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica . Scriptores 48, ed. Georg Waitz ), § V 35 f.
  3. Hannes Obermair : Bolzano documents of the Middle Ages and the establishment of the urban settlement Bolzano . In: Bolzano from the beginning to the demolition of the city wall. Reports of the international study conference in Maretsch Castle . Publishing house Athesia, Bozen 1991, ISBN 88-7014-559-X , p. 159–190, reference p. 179 note 6 .
  4. ^ Hans von Voltelini : The South Tyrolean notarial imbreviatures of the 13th century. Part 1 (Acta Tirolensia 2). Innsbruck: Wagner 1899, p. 365, no. 729b.
  5. Hans von Voltelini, Franz Huter : Die Südtiroler Notariats-Imbreviaturen of the 13th century. Part 2 (Acta Tirolensia 4). Innsbruck: Wagner 1951. p. 375, no.596.
  6. ^ Hannes Obermair: Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 2 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2008, ISBN 978-88-901870-1-8 , p. 196, no.1238 .
  7. Hannes Obermair, Heinz Noflatscher, Evi Pechlaner: Archive Payrsberg (Oberpayrsberg). Südtiroler Landesarchiv , March 1, 2014, p. 95, item 340 , accessed on July 21, 2020 .
  8. Giorgio Danilo Cocconcelli: factories tunnel. Le officine aeronautiche Caproni e FIAT nell'Alto Garda 1943–1945 . Apostolo Giorgo, Milan 2002, ISBN 978-88-87261-11-0 . Pp. 65-67
  9. ^ Juliane Wetzel: Italy . In: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (eds.): The place of terror: history of the national socialist concentration camps. Volume 9, CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-57238-8 . P. 300.