David's grapevine

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David's grapevine
Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Rosids
Order : Grapevine-like (vitales)
Family : Grapevines (Vitaceae)
Genre : Grapevines ( vitis )
Type : David's grapevine
Scientific name
Vitis davidii
( Rome.Caill. ) Foëx

David's grapevine or David's vine ( Vitis davidii ) is a climbing shrub with black or purple fruits from the family of grapevines (Vitaceae). The natural range of the species is in China. The species is rarely cultivated .

description

David's grapevine is a shrub that climbs up to 15 meters high and has stem-round, bare and glandular-spiked spines. Young shoots are furrowed lengthways. The tendrils are branched. The stipules are greenish brown, 2 to 3 millimeters long and 1 to 2 millimeters wide, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous and fall off early. The leaves have a glandular, bristly stem. The leaf blade is simple, 5 to 12 inches long and 4 to 16 inches wide, broadly ovate, undivided or slightly three-lobed, with a pointed to prickly tip and a deeply heart-shaped leaf base. The leaf margin has twelve to 33 sharp and pointed or spiky teeth on both sides. Five basal and four to five pairs of lateral leaf veins are formed. The upper side of the leaf is glossy dark green and bare, the underside is bluish to gray-green and almost bare except for the glandular-bristle leaf veins . The autumn color is bright carmine red.

The flowers grow in panicles 7 to 24 centimeters long with well-developed basal branches. The inflorescence axis has a diameter of 1 to 2.5 centimeters and is glabrous. The flower stalks are 1 to 2 millimeters long and glabrous. The buds are 1.2 to 1.5 millimeters long and have a rounded tip. The sepals are small. The stamens are thread-like, the anthers yellow, elliptical and 0.6 to 0.7 millimeters long. The ovary is conical, the pen short, the scar spread. As fruits black, roundish be berries formed with diameters of 1.2 to 2.5 centimeters. The seeds are obovate-elliptical with a rounded and blunt tip. David's grapevine blooms from April to June, the fruits ripen from July to October.

Occurrence and location requirements

The natural range is in China in the provinces of Anhui , Fujian , Gansu , Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Shaanxi , Sichuan , Yunnan and Zhejiang . David's grapevine grows in forests, in bushland, on hills and in valleys at altitudes of 500 to 2300 meters, on moderately dry to fresh, acidic to neutral, sandy to sandy-humic, moderately nutrient-rich soils in sunny locations. The species loves warmth and is usually frost hardy . It is assigned to winter hardiness zone 7a with mean annual minimum temperatures of −17.7 to −15.0 ° C (0 to 5 ° F).

Systematics

David's grapevine ( Vitis davidii ) is a species from the genus of grapevines ( Vitis ), where it is assigned to the subgenus Vitis . The genus is assigned to the subfamily Vitoideae in the family of the grapevine family (Vitaceae). The species was first scientifically described in 1833 by Frédéric Romanet du Caillaud as Spinovitis davidii ( Basionym ) . Gustave Louis Émile Foëx introduced the species in 1886 as Vitis davidii in the genus of grapevines. The generic name Spinovitis is now considered a synonym for Vitis . The generic name Vitis comes from Latin and is used for the "grapevine" as well as the "tendril".

There are at least three varieties :

  • Vitis davidii var. Ferruginea Merrill & Chun with reddish brown hairy leaf underside. The variety blooms from April to July. The distribution area is in the provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei and Jiangx in the bush forests and on hills at 500 to 1200 meters altitude.
  • Vitis davidii var. Davidii with prickly branches, bare underside of leaves and purple-colored ripe berries. The variety blooms from April to June, the fruits ripen from July to October. The distribution area is in the provinces of Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang in bush forests, on hills and in valleys at an altitude of 600 to 1800 meters.
  • Vitis davidii var. Cyanocarpa (Gagnepain) Sargent with bumpy older branches and little or no prickly young twigs, bare underside of leaves and blue-black ripe berries. The variety blooms from April to May, the fruits ripen from August to September. The distribution area is in the provinces of Anhui, Hubei and Yunnan in forests and bushland at an altitude of 600 to 2300 meters.

Another variety Vitis davidii var. Hispida X.D.Wang & SCChen was described in 1999.

use

David's grapevine is sometimes used as an ornamental shrub because of the remarkable autumn colors and impressive fruits .

literature

  • Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 , pp. 212-213 (English).
  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 679.
  • Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 868 .
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German name according to Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 679
  2. German name after Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 868
  3. a b c d Hui Ren, Jun Wen: Vitis davidii , in the Flora of China , Volume 12, p. 212
  4. a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 679
  5. a b c Vitis davidii. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed July 7, 2012 .
  6. Spinovitis davidii. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed July 7, 2012 .
  7. Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 689
  8. Hui Ren, June Who: Vitis davidii var. Ferruginea , in the Flora of China , vol 12, p 213
  9. Hui Ren, Jun Wen: Vitis davidii var. Davidii , in the Flora of China , Volume 12, p. 212
  10. Hui Ren, June Who: Vitis davidii var. Cyanocarpa , in the Flora of China , vol 12, p 213

Web links

Vitis davidii. In: The Plant List. Retrieved July 7, 2012 .