Water art Herrenhausen

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Pump house of the water art in Hanover-Herrenhausen

The water art in Hanover - Herrenhausen is a historical system for conveying, lifting and guiding water , which was created to provide water with the required pressure in the required quantity for the operation of the fountain in the Great Garden .

background

After Duke Georg von Braunschweig-Lüneburg declared the city of Hanover his residence in the Thirty Years War in 1636 , he had the Leineschloss built in the old town in 1637 the following year . However, the castle did not have its own garden, which, for reasons of space, was therefore initially laid out outside the city ​​fortifications of Hanover from 1645 on the site of the former Quirrenburg in the northern area of ​​the then village of Linden . This pleasure and "kitchen garden" was not in the immediate vicinity of the Leineschloss, and so the grandson of George, Duke Johann Friedrich , decided after the end of the war through the Peace of Westphalia to build an additional castle on the site of the former village of "Höringhusen" the summer residence Schloss Herrenhausen received the from 1675 absolutist embossed baroque Great garden , which under the architect and water engineer Girolamo Sartorio , the architect Brand Westermann , the Grottierer Michael Riggus and the fountains Master Marinus Cadart first water features received and the grotto and the Grand cascade .

Previous constructions

For the water features as well as the irrigation in the Great Garden of Herrenhausen, there were initially major technical problems, both in terms of getting enough water and in generating pressure: from 1676, the fountain master Marinus Cadart initially installed two elevated water tanks on the sand mountain north of the page house . The containers were fed by wooden and lead pipelines that first led from the Lindener kitchen garden , and since 1687 also from Benther Berg, eight kilometers away . However, the systems did not have the desired effect; Marinus Cadart was released in the summer of 1689.

In 1690, the court architect Johann Friedrich de Münter from Celle developed plans for a bucket wheel on a leash to transport the water to the Great Garden. De Münter also planned horse- powered Göpelwerke directly at the point of water extraction in order to increase the water pressure, increased the manor houses water tanks (which were in service until they were leveled in 1956) and lined them with sandstone, so that a higher pressure drop the fountains into larger ones Brought heights. De Münter fell ill in 1692 and died in Celle in August 1693.

First functional construction

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , “who often met his favorite conversation partner, Electress Sophie , in her life project, the Herrenhausen Gardens,” came up with the idea for the desired “highest [fountain] in Europe” to “branch off a canal from the line and start at its beginning To build a weir with a water wheel ”. Construction began according to Leibniz's plan, but the dam was not completed until 1718.

The water was dammed up to 3.20 meters and moved five 9.35 meters large water wheels in the pump house at the time. From there, a 600-meter-long pressure pipe supplied the water requirements of the Great Garden, the water features in it and the graft surrounding it . After corrections to the lead pipe system, the Great Fountain was finally able to rise up to 35 meters in 1720.

So that the Leine remained navigable despite this damming, the Ernst August Canal was excavated as a flood canal from 1718 and a lock was built.

Today's construction

The original construction was replaced in the years 1863 to 1865 at the behest of King George V by a "machine shop made of iron with increased power", which consists of 8.47 meter high water wheels and four pump machines supplied by the Egestorff machine works, which have a total of 186 hp Performance come. In this context, the pump house with a striking three-tower facade was rebuilt in 1864 according to plans by Georg Heinrich Schuster and Richard Auhagen. The task of providing water for the fountain has been performed by an electric pump since 1956, which generates a much higher water pressure, which has increased the height of the fountain from 67 to 82 meters. After several years of renovation, the historic water art pumping system will be put back into operation in spring 2021 and will then pump water from the Leine back into the large garden, which will only be used for irrigation purposes.

literature

Web links

Commons : Wasserkunst Herrenhausen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Klaus Mlynek: Residenrezess (contract) , in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p 521
  2. ^ Klaus Mlynek: Leineschloss , in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 398ff.
  3. ^ Eva Benz-Rababah : Kitchen Garden , in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 364
  4. ^ Helmut Knocke: Leineschloss , in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 398f.
  5. ^ Eva Benz-Rababah: Großer Garten , in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , pp. 230-235
  6. a b Helmut Knocke: Wasserkunst , in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 656
  7. Helmut Knocke: Cadart , in: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 83 u.ö.
  8. a b Bernd Adam: The water arts in Herrenhausen (see literature)
  9. Wasserkunst, Leine and Ernst August Canal: Leibniz and the Fountain. In: hannover.de. State capital Hanover, accessed on August 17, 2020 .
  10. ^ Michael Mende: Electricity from technical monuments - example Lower Saxony. In: magazine culture and technology. Deutsches Museum, CH Beck Verlag, p. 228, April 1989, accessed on August 17, 2020 .
  11. Juliane Kaune: Technical marvel: This is what the renovated water art in Herrenhausen looks like. In: HAZ. Madsack Verlag, August 2, 2020, accessed on August 17, 2020 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 53.7 "  N , 9 ° 41 ′ 32.5"  E