Weidensee (Schöneiche)
| Willow lake | ||
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| View from the east over the Weidensee, on the right edge of the picture the inflow canal of the Senitz | ||
| Geographical location | Schöneiche near Berlin , Oder-Spree district , Brandenburg , Germany | |
| Tributaries | Jägergraben , pipe system from the Senitz | |
| Location close to the shore | Berlin | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 28 '57.5 " N , 13 ° 41' 18.8" E | |
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| length | 120 m | |
| width | 50 m | |
| volume | 9000 m³ | |
| Maximum depth | 3 m | |
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| Woods around the Weidensee with the path to the lake | ||
The Weidensee is the largest still standing body of water in Schöneiche near Berlin .
Topography and geology
The Weidensee is located on the western outskirts of Schöneiche, on the road to Münchehofe . He is only the largest of formerly more than a dozen smaller waters between the two places, one of which is still the Great Fenn , Hell , the gable Pfuhle , the beeper lake of sand Pfuhl , the coupling Pfuhl Schöneiche , the coupling Pfuhl Münchehofe , the crater Pfuhl and the village pond Münchehofe are preserved. Not all puddles still have water today, other puddles that have not been mentioned here were filled in by the local Schöneich LPG in the 1970s , as these were located between the areas for growing grain. The Weidensee is located within a small forest. The lake, which is around 120 meters long, 50 meters wide and up to three meters deep, now has an area of a good one hectare; it used to be around three times as large. The lake was formed around 10,000 years ago as the collapse of a block of dead ice from the last ice age. It has almost no more natural tributaries since the groundwater level in the region fell massively in the 1920s due to the Friedrichshagen waterworks , which had to satisfy Berlin's increased water demand. For this reason , the second larger lake in today's town, the Fichtenauer See , has completely disappeared since 1926. Since then, the water supply has been provided by the Jägergraben and an underground pipe system coming from the Senitz , as well as by rainwater that ran from the surrounding fields into the lake. An annual water supply from the Senitz of 13,000 m³ is currently permitted, the lake itself contains about 9,000 m³ of water.
history
While plowing on a slope north of the Weidensee, very old shards were repeatedly uncovered, which aroused great interest in the 1930s. Investigations by Felix Havenstein made about 3000 year old finds from the Bronze Age . This means that this settlement is the oldest known human legacy in the area where it is today.
Little is known about the further use and history of the lake until the 20th century. Friedrich Wilhelm Schütze , owner of Schöneiche at the time, had many trees planted at Weidensee in 1761 during general redesign work. Disputes arose when the city of Berlin acquired the former manor of the town in 1929 , which also included the lake. Berlin wanted to prevent the previously unrestricted access to the lake and the surrounding forest (“Fasanierie” because of the many pheasants living here ) for the residents of Schöneiche. In 1936, the mayor of Schöneich, Ernst Schulze and Felix Havenstein , were able to bring the Berlin provincial commissioner for nature conservation, Hans Hedicke , to Schöneiche to show him the lake. The result of the campaign was that on November 7, 1938, the district administrator of the Niederbarnim district made the lake and its surroundings the 13th official nature reserve in Berlin. Until the end of the Second World War , the lake with its forest was a popular destination for nature watchers and a place to relax. After the war, in 1948 new farmhouses were built on the road leading to the lake, which restricted access to the lake, but did not prevent it.
After the LPG stable complexes were built on the former avenue from the castle to the lake in the 1960s, the pipes that brought water from the Senitz to the lake were partly destroyed in the process, unknowingly and unintentionally. The result was that the Weidensee had fallen completely dry by the end of the 1970s. In addition, the LPG thought of using the lake's boiler as a slurry tank. In the 1960s, the lake was popular with anglers and was one of the official lakes of the German Angler Association (DAV). In 1982, the local nature conservation activist began to rescue the lake. The application to enter the grounds of the LPG was finally approved in 1983 by the district veterinarian. With the help of many Schöneich citizens, the Naturschutzaktiv managed to clean and clean the pipelines on the LPG premises within three years with the technical help of the LPG, which wanted to make up for their mistakes when filling other smaller ponds, and the GPG "Flora" to repair and clean the willow lake. The community supported the project financially. The Jägergraben was also cleaned and repaired in this context. In April 1985 the lake could be filled with water again.
Within a very short time it was accepted again as a habitat for various animal species. After that there were two problems. On the one hand, the anglers now wanted to have back the water they had previously given up, and they refused to help restore it. After an appeal to the Society for Environment and Nature Conservation in the Kulturbund of the GDR , to which both the anglers of the DAV and the nature conservationists of the Schöneiche group belonged, the anglers subsequently waived their claims. On the other hand, the recognition as a nature reserve became problematic; the responsible district authority in Frankfurt (Oder) could not find the old documents on nature conservation status, even though they themselves addressed them in a publication in 1961. Since the lake was quickly accepted as a recreational area by the Schöneichern, a nature trail was set up around the lake.
After the fall of the Wall there were again problems with the Weidensee, which threatened its existence. During the land reform , the land on which the lake was located was assigned to a new farmer's family, who received this land again after the fall of the Wall. The new owner could first be talked out of cleaning the land around the lake, as many breeding and nesting opportunities for birds and other animals would have been lost. As a result of the fishing law that now also applied to the former GDR , the lake, as it was larger than half a hectare, was to be regarded as fishing waters. An agreement was reached with the Lower Fisheries Authority to fish for large fish once a year and to leave the lake alone for the rest of the year. After the Senitz pipelines were clogged in 1999, they were cleaned and partly replaced from 2000 onwards. In 1998 the owner leased the lake to a fishing company, whose plan to set up an intensive fish farm here failed because of the unsuitable subsoil, which was fortunate for the ecological conditions on site. In April 2003, the nature conservation activist from Schöneiche received the notification that, after all the necessary documents were finally available, the renewed protection of the lake was perfect. Since July 2007 the Naturschutzaktiv is officially responsible for the preservation of the Weidensee.
Flora and fauna
To the Weidensee now 22 different tree species, including growing red oaks , oaks , poplars , black locust , field elm , Tilia cordata , horse chestnut , break-willow , gray willow , Ulmus laevis , Common ash trees , beech trees , mountain elms , Norway maples , hawthorns , elder and bird cherry . There are also ivy , wild chives , great nettles , plantain and star chickweed . Arrow herb , water intestine and water sword lilies can be found in the water .
Of national importance of the lake as a breeding ground for amphibians and reptiles is edible frog , common frog , moor frog , newt , crested newt , common spadefoot , toad , sand lizard and grass snake live here.
Because of the breeding of pheasants, the forest around the lake was called "Fasanerie" for a long time, but these birds no longer exist at the Weidensee. The white rail , mallard and nightingale have been breeding at the lake for a long time, the little grebe did it when the species census was carried out in 1995, but no longer breeds there today. Since the 1995 census, various other breeding bird species have been added: starling , blackbird , wren , wood pigeon , house sparrow , chaffinch , green finch , treecreeper , robin and black redstart . In another species is not clear whether they breed or at Weidensee only food guests are: kingfisher , oriole , Garden Warbler , Fitislaubsänger , great tit , blue tit , marsh tit , nuthatch and spotted woodpecker . Pure food guests are the white stork , gray heron (from the Woltersdorf colony ), buzzard , sparrowhawk , jay , green woodpecker and hooded crow. In a press release from 1940 is reported by an even richer bird numbers, including Leinfinken , Redwings , Fieldfare , tying tailed tit , bald-tailed Tit , Crested Tit , Siskin , European Serin , Goldammer and Crested Lark .
Wild boars , deer and wild rabbits can often be found on the banks and in the forest .
literature
- Wolfgang Cajar : Hiking routes in and around Schöneiche near Berlin. Lebensart, Strausberg 1996, pp. 15-16
- Wolfgang Cajar: Waters in and around Schöneiche near Berlin. Individuell, Schöneiche 2006 (Schöneicher Hefte, Issue 3) ISBN 978-3-935552-16-5 , pp. 5-6
- Wolfgang Cajar: History (s) about the Weidensee. , Individuell, Hennickendorf 2012, ISBN 978-3-935552-42-4 (Schöneicher Hefte, issue 9)
