Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ
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Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ Senitz / Hoher Fließ / Fredersdorfer Fließ |
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 Mühlenfließ at the old water mill in Schöneiche |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 5827952 | |
| location | Brandenburg and Berlin , Germany | |
| River system | Elbe | |
| Drain over | Spree → Havel → Elbe → North Sea | |
| origin |
Gamengrund 52 ° 38 ′ 1 ″ N , 13 ° 49 ′ 57 ″ E |
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| muzzle |
Müggelsee coordinates: 52 ° 26 ′ 19 ″ N , 13 ° 40 ′ 39 ″ E 52 ° 26 ′ 19 ″ N , 13 ° 40 ′ 39 ″ E
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| length | 34.5 km | |
| Catchment area | around 230 km² | |
| Discharge at the Fredersdorf A Eo gauge : 173 km² Location: 13.9 km above the mouth |
NNQ (03.08.1999) MNQ 1971–1999 MQ 1971–1999 Mq 1971–1999 MHQ 1971–1999 HHQ (12.03.1981) |
0 l / s 67 l / s 297 l / s 1.7 l / (s km²) 951 l / s 2.3 m³ / s |
| Flowing lakes | Fängersee , Bötzsee | |
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The Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ (sources light blue, mouth light green mark) in southern Barnim
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The Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ , also called Senitz , is a 34.5 km long river in Germany . It has a catchment area of around 230 km² and largely still runs in its original bed.
According to the official maps, the source is in the southern part of the Gamengrund between the heights of the Barnim northwest of Strausberg . In its damp ground the brook branches (probably through human intervention), one arm flows through the Kesselsee , one past it. Next, the Fängersee is reached, then the Bötzsee , which is also viewed as a source depending on the perspective. From here, the Senitz meanders through the places of the Berlin " bacon belt ". In Berlin-Rahnsdorf the flow discharges into the Great Müggelsee . If you take the Bötzsee as the origin of the Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ, it has a length of 27.6 km.
Formation of the body of water
The river, known for a long time as Senitz , came into being at the end of the Vistula glacial period , the last glacial period in northern Germany to date . When the glacier thawed, many meltwater channels formed on the Barnim , including the bed of the Senitz. It was a delta-shaped branch of the main flow direction from Gamengrund via Kesselsee , Fängersee and Bötzsee , Stienitzsee , Kalksee and Flakensee into the Berlin glacial valley near Woltersdorf and Erkner . She had to dig her own bed because the main channel was blocked by the Rüdersdorfer Kalkberge . After the condensation had drained and the river only carried spring water, the main bed dried out and a narrow gully remained. It meandered through a meadow landscape, in some places marshy floodplains formed. When the water level sank further, the Senitz lost its surface connection to the Gamengrundseen. However, these superficial outflow-free lakes have sub-surface natural outflows. A connection with the uppermost water-bearing layer has been clearly demonstrated for the central lake . For the remaining southern lakes up to and including the Lange Haussee, it is assumed that they drain underground to the sources in southern Gamengrund.
Development of settlements on the banks and naming
People have settled on the river since ancient times. In Schöneiche finds from the flow were in close middle and younger Stone and the Bronze Age made. The Slavic Liutizians settled here in the 6th century , as the Senitz was very rich in fish. Meadows could be created in the old melt channel, which were flooded in spring, so the plants grew very well here. One of the earliest documented settlements was a water mill operated by Cistercians in the Fichtenau district, which was moved further north in 1451 towards Schöneiche, as the arm of the Senitz had meanwhile silted up. The remains of the mill still lie on the Schöneicher main arm of the Senitz and form an end point of the Small Spreewald Park . In the park, a canal landscape was recreated with the water of the mill river, which could be navigated by barges.
In their language, the Liutizians called the river Senca - Heubach . From this, after the German settlement in the East in the High Middle Ages, the Germanized name Senitz developed . In the upper course it was called Hoher Fliess . It was not until the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries that cartographers gave the water the name Fredersdorfer Fließ, today Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ . The river was given the addition "mill-" because in earlier centuries it drove a total of eight water mills in several places. The residents usually just call it Mühlenfließ or Fliess .
History description and problems
After the lakes mentioned above, the Senitz flows through the former village of Eggersdorf (today Petershagen / Eggersdorf ), where it is also connected to the Eggersdorf mill pond, then turns northwest to Bruchmühle and then touches the village of Petershagen (today Petershagen / Eggersdorf). This is followed by Fredersdorf , Vogelsdorf , Schöneiche near Berlin , where the former villages Schöneiche and Klein Schönebeck separated from each other. In Schöneiche, the Senitz divides into several arms, some of which have now silted up.
The river often overflowed. The Kleinschönebecker pastor Wiegensdorf wrote for the year 1712 that he hardly knew how to get a stone's throw from his house because of the flood. That changed only with changes in the years 1870 to 1880. The road between the mill and the village church was filled in, the banks provided with protective walls. However, there were major floods in the first half of the 20th century, particularly those from 1929 and 1940 that were severe. Many residents are now struggling more with the reverse phenomenon. In the summer, the Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ almost regularly dries up. This is attributed to the low groundwater level in the Schöneiche-Friedrichshagen area, because fountain galleries were created there for the Friedrichshagen waterworks to obtain drinking water . In 1770 there were unsuccessful attempts to dam the river to Eggersdorf in order to make it navigable. During the GDR era, the river was considered to be one of the cleanest bodies of water in the entire district.
In today's district of Fichtenau, the former Fichtenau spa park , the Little Spreewald, in addition to straightening the course of the river, silted up and deserted many pools, ditches and loops that are no longer recognizable today. After Fichtenau, the Senitz with the Rahnsdorfer Wald reaches the urban area of Berlin and thus the old glacial valley. Here, like in Schöneich's Little Spreewald Park, the water continues to form a swampy landscape. When you reach the Müggelsee, the Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ comes to an end.
The mill flow as part of landscape protection areas
Since November 2004, the Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ has been the central part of the landscape protection area “Lower system of the Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ and its receiving waters” and the Brandenburg nature reserve “Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ, Langes Luch and Breites Luch”. The Berlin section of the Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ is part of the Natura 2000 area Müggelspree-Müggelsee , a classification as a nature reserve is in planning. The body of water and its fringes are an important biotope in the region, as it is one of the last intact rivers in the Berlin area. A large number of different animal and plant species live here. In addition to microorganisms, insects and crustaceans, these include the crayfish , sticklebacks , brown trout and birds such as the mallard . Many of the amphibians , reptiles and fish living here, as well as plants, are threatened species. Extensive wet forests have developed along the river ( birch - bog forest , alder - ash - floodplain forests ) and mesophilic mixed deciduous forests (old acidic oak forests on sandy plains, pedunculate oak - hornbeam forests ). Plant communities of herbaceous plants , for example, tall herb corridors and remains of wetland and adjacent, mesotrophic -saurer transition and quaking - and calcareous fens , but also lean Lowland hay meadows and dry calcareous sandy grassland have also formed. For the climate of the region, the river is of great importance as a fresh air corridor, as well as a local recreation area for the greater Berlin area.
literature
- Heinz Biskup: Schöneiche in old views , Zaltbommel 1993 (2nd edition 1997), ISBN 90-288-5602-1 (European library: The Damals series), pp. 7–8
Web links
supporting documents
- ↑ River directory gewnet25 (Version 4.0, April 24, 2014) at the Ministry for Rural Development, Environment and Agriculture of the State of Brandenburg, accessed on May 4, 2015 (ZIP-compressed folder, German, 32.7 MB).
- ↑ a b c 02.08 Fischfauna (edition 2004) Umweltatlas Berlin, Senate Department for Urban Development and Environment, on: stadtentwicklung.berlin.de
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Elbe Region, Part II 1999 Brandenburg State Environment Agency, p. 132, accessed on November 3, 2018, at: lugv.brandenburg.de (PDF, German).
- ↑ Management plan for the area "Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ, Breites und Krummes Luch" Management Planning Natura 2000 in the State of Brandenburg, Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection of the State of Brandenburg, 2013, page 18 (PDF, German, 2.22 MB)
- ↑ Brandenburg-Viewer map service of the state survey and Geobasisinformation Brandenburg (LGB), on: bb-viewer.geobasis-bb.de
- ↑ Statutory ordinance on the declaration of parts of the landscape as the landscape protection area of the lower system of the Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ and its receiving waters as well as the nature reserve Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ, Langes Luch and Broad Luch (PDF; 68 kB)
- ↑ Senate Department for Urban Development Berlin: Berlin of course! Nature conservation and NATURA 2000 areas in Berlin. Verlag Natur & Text, Berlin 2007, p. 156ff. ISBN 978-3-9810058-3-7
- ↑ a b Fredersdorfer Muehlenfliess (PDF; 331 kB)
- ↑ For literature on fish fauna see there
- ↑ Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ, Broad and Krummes Luch (DE 3448-302, country number: 348)