Wicht (noble family)

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Von Wicht (originally tho Wicht [e] or to gravity ) is the name of a Frisian noble family, originally priced at in Lintel north was settled and their progenitor Ihmel tho gravity in between Berumbur and Arle located peasantry gravity (today part of the patch Hage ) had his fortified residence. Over the centuries , a number of not insignificant Droste , mayors, lawyers, historians and writers have emerged from the family, which was connected to the Theelacht Cooperative .

history

The historian Enno Johann Heinrich Tiaden (1722–1781) described in his work Das Gelehre OstFriesland "the family of those of Wicht" as one of "the oldest and very respected" East Frisian families. From the paternal as well as from the maternal line, it was rooted in the regional chief families, but at the same time it was "married and related" to these noble families. He named the following noble families as examples: von Südburg , Aldringa von Nesse , Tjarkena ( Osterhusen Castle ), Aldersna (Lintel near the north), von Hatzum (near Emden ) and Loringa (from the north). The ancestral seat of the ancestor Ihmel became Osterwichte Castle around 1400, which - as the name suggests - stood east of Wichte . From Ihmel Lintel was Ihmel tho Wicht (e) and Lintel .

Osterwichte Castle

Plaque at the old town hall to the north, the seat of Theelacht

Since the end of prehistoric times, there has been one of eight so-called Uthöfen in Wichte , which had been built as outstations of the Norder Theelacht between Bargebur and Arle on the Geest and over the Theellande , which extends up to the present in the march off the Geest located, edited and managed. The question of whether Ihmel, the ancestor of those von Wicht, converted an existing Uthof into a castle or built a new fortified building nearby, cannot be answered based on the sources. What is certain, however, is that the residence that the Norder nobleman moved into around 1400 was Osterwichte Castle, east of the village of Wichte (see excerpt from the Ubbo-Emmius map from 1600!). It is believed to be in the Westerende district to the east of Blandorf-Wichte .

Wichte and Osterwichte on the map of East Friesland by Ubbo Emmius (approx. 1600)

Matthias von Wicht (1751-1824) assumed that Osterwichte Castle had already been destroyed around 1410. Foelke Kampana , wife of Chief Ocko I. tom Brok and also called Quade Foelke (= Evil Foelke ) because of her legendary cruelty , would have razed the fortified dwelling to the ground in an army campaign against her son-in-law, the Nessmer chief Lütet Attena . Other sources report that Osterwichte Castle was only burned down during the Saxon feud around 1514. Lord Hayo Hiccen tho Wichte , great-grandson of the ancestor Ihmel, as Drost could have successfully defended the Berum castle against the Esenser chief Hero Omken , but had to accept that he destroyed his main seat only a short time later. A document dated October 27th of the year mentioned and made out in Wichte shows that there was still a noble “dwelling at Wicht” around 1581. It sealed a “compromise between Habbo Aldinga, Enno v. Nesse and Otto Iderhoff ”. The Enno von Nesse mentioned in the document is Enno Aldringa von Nesse , who died in 1599 and is referred to in various ancestral tables as "Herr zu Wichte". His daughter called herself Enna Aldringa von Nesse zu Wichte. She died in 1652 in "Haus Wichte". Her important family property was passed on to her husband Eberhard von Mahrenholz († 1633), who after her death referred to himself as a “hereditary resident at Wichte Castle”. Their daughter, Catharina Sophia von Mahrenholz, was born in “Haus Wichte”, a “castle-like building with extensive land holdings”. This evidence suggests that the ancestral seat of the Wicht family, despite some destructive actions in the course of its history, existed at least until the second half of the 17th century.

Pedigree 1400 to 1937

The following list is based - unless otherwise noted - on the information provided by Enno Johann Heinrich Tiaden, Hermann v. Wicht and Karl Leiner.

Ihmel tho Wicht (e) and Lintel

Son of a north chief family; born in the 2nd half of the 14th century in Lintel near Norden (?); Ancestor of the von Wicht family, founders of the original ancestral seat Burg Osterwichte

Iphtet Imelen tho Wicht (e)

Son of him; married to Icka Aldringa von Nesse ; born at the beginning of the 15th century in Wichte (?)

Hicco Iphtena tho Wicht (e) and Lintel

Son of Iphteth; married to Jeveste von Hatzum ; born in the first half of the 15th century in Wichte (?)

Hayo Hiccen tho Wicht (e) and Lintel

Son of Hicco; married to Adda Aldersna von Lintel ; born in the second half of the 15th century in Wichte (?); Drost of Count Edzard I with seat in Berum ; successfully defended Berum Castle in the Saxon feud in 1514 .
Excerpt from the family tree of the von Wicht family (based on Enno Johann Heinrich Tiaden )

Friedrich Hayen von Wicht (also called Frederick Hayen tho Wicht )

Son of Hayos; married to Hebrig von Südburg ; born in the 1st half of the 16th century; died on September 2, 1559 in Norden ; was bailiff and mayor in the north . His gravestone, which is still in the Norder Ludgeri Church today, bears the inscription WOLGELOVET DE FLYCT NYCHT and shows the coat of arms of those of Wicht. Friedrich Hayen had three sons who became important in the history of East Frisia. In addition to the following family owner, these were Otto Friedrich von Wicht and Ernst Friedrich von Wicht .
Ernst Friedrichs ; born 1548; died in 1602 (?); Historian. He is best known as the author of the Annales Frisiae published in Norden in 1602 .
Otto Friedrichs ; born in 1552; died after 1621 (?); childless; was a doctor, Graflich-Ostfriesischer Rat and commissioner for marriage matters. Herrmann Mesander dedicated a Latin poem to him (see section Coat of Arms !).

Hicco Friedrichs von Wicht (also called Hector Friedrichs von Wicht )

Son of Friedrich; married to Folxta Loringa ; born in 1546 in Norden; died in 1624 there; Doctor jus. utr .; Landrichter, Graflich-Ostfriesischer Rat, mayor of Emden, later to the north, where he also held the office of Drosten. As a member of the Norder Theelacht , he submitted the first written version of the law, the Consuetudines Theelachticae , in connection with a legal dispute .

Friedrich Friedrichs von Wicht (also called Hector Friedrichs von Wicht )

Son of Hicco Friedrichs'; married to Betka Loringa ; born in the first half of the 17th century; died in 1636

Hector Johann Adolph Friedrichs von Wicht

Son of Hicco Friedrichs'; married to Sophia Christina Boomgarden ; born 1630 in Norden; deceased ? - Commissar at the marriage court in Wittmund . He wrote a von Wicht'sche family genealogy, which includes, among other things, the painted coats of arms of the northern old families Pipinga, Aldersna, Süderburg and Bewingaborch.

Enno Friedrichs von Wicht

Son of Hector Johann; married to Anna Catharina Fabricius ; born on June 13, 1656 in Norden ; died on September 13, 1720; Advocate and later procurator at the court court in Aurich ; Lutheran Pietist .
His eldest daughter Frouwa Christina von Wicht (1689–1777) married Pastor Daniel Kempe (1678–1771), who immigrated from Pomerania and who was in office in Buttforde , and became the ancestor of the Kempe family, which was widely ramified in East Frisia. She died on the Pewsum Manningaburg , the seat of her grandson, the chief officer Daniel Kempe.

Hector Friedrichs von Wicht

Son of Enno Friedrichs'; married to Juliane Christine Harms ; born on January 9, 1697 in Aurich; died on October 30, 1768; Mayor of Aurich

Jacob Hermann von Wicht (the elder)

Son of Hector Friedrichs'; married to Rebecca Juliane von Wicht ; born on July 24, 1743 in Aurich; died on January 18, 1819; Higher regional judge

Jacob Hermann von Wicht (d. J.)

Son of Jacob Hermann; married to Theda Maria Wilhelmine von Halem ; born on June 18, 1786 in Aurich; died on January 30, 1821; Government secretary

Gottfried Hermann Anton von Wicht

Son of Jacob Hermann the Elder J .; married to Auguste Henriette Ruschmann ; born April 3, 1814 in Esens; died November 9, 1889; Pastor and school principal

Alfried Anton Melchior von Wicht

Son of Gottfried Hermann; married to Adele Strohmeyer ; born December 3, 1849 in Dornum; died April 20, 1906; Pastor in Kirchhatten and Malente

Hermann von Wicht

Son of Alfried Anton; born on October 21, 1879 in Kirchhatten ; died on January 3, 1942 in Berlin-Lankwitz ; Theologian and chronicler of the von Wicht family

In 1937 Hermann von Wicht wrote in his essay Der Weg der Familie v. Wicht die Centuries [...] : "The youngest generation [of the noble family von Wicht] flourishes in nine male bearers of the old name."

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the noble von Wicht family shows three split lilies in black, the cut surface of which is on the right. The helmet is crowned. A golden lily serves as a crest. In Siebmacher's coat of arms it says:

"" Wicht: Chief family from Wicht near Berum, which already existed with Imel v. W. beginning of the 14th saec. appears. Coat of arms (plate 264): In black 3 (2, 1) right halves of split golden lilies. Helmet: whole golden lily between two silver ostrich feathers. ""

Latin poem on the Wicht'schen family coat of arms (Herrmann Mesander, between 1602 and 1624)
Coat of arms of the former municipality of Blandorf-Wichte

The Lutheran pastor Herrmann Mesander (1577–1640) described in a Latin poem, which he dedicated to Otto Friedrich von Wicht , the “adviser of the Frisian court and representative in marriage matters”, the von Wicht's family coat of arms (see opposite Copy of the poem from Enno Johann Heinrich Tiadens Das Gelehre OstFriesland ). Translated into German, the Latin verses read:

For
Otto Friedrich von Wicht,
a very important man, advisor to the Frisian court &
representative in marriage matters

The golden lily shines three times on the black shield
and the feather strives upwards twice on the helmet.
This is the coat of arms of the family of the Friedriche von Wicht
, where Friesland defends the northern water with a dike.
As the golden lilies rise under the flowers,
lilies which have been named queen by the wise,
so is the Friedrichshaus strong through bravery and blood,
and its part blooms widely in the trunk of its Friesland.
Or is there even the larger ornament in the pen with which the noble Hector
And you, noble Otto, are denoted in front of the others?
Live long, live long happy, great man, let
the double feather stay long, the yellow lilies long!

The mentioned colors and symbols of the family coat of arms can also be found in the coat of arms created by the Münster heraldist Ulf-Dietrich Korn in 1962. It was the official coat of arms of the municipality of Blandorf-Wichte , which was independent until 1972 .

Well-known bearers of the name of Wicht

literature

  • Enno Johann Heinrich Tiaden: The learned East Friesland . Volume I. Aurich 1785. pp. 174ff
  • Hermann von Wicht: The way of the Wicht family through the centuries in the service of home and people . In: Yearbook of the Society for Fine Art and Patriotic Antiquities in Emden . Volume 25 (1937), pp. 73-88.
  • Karl Leiner: Panorama North District . North 972. pp. 72f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Leiner: Panorama district north . Norden 1972. pp. 71f
  2. ^ Enno Johann Heinrich Tiaden: The learned East Friesland . Volume I. Aurich 1785. pp. 174f
  3. ↑ Eberhard Rack: Settlement and settlement of the old district north . Aurich 1967, p. 84
  4. ↑ Arend Remmers: From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren: the settlement names between Dollart and Jade . Leer 2004, p. 174
  5. ↑ According to E. Ippen, this is indicated by the Westerender field name Börg ; see Flurnamen-Ostfriesland.de: Field names collection of the East Frisian landscape , here: Börg (Westerende) ( Memento of the original from August 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; accessed on July 12, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.flurnamen-ostfriesland.de
  6. ^ Matthias v. Wicht: Notes on genealogy ; Hermann v. Wicht: The way of the family v. Wicht through the centuries in the service of home and people . In: Volume 25 of the yearbook of the Society for Fine Arts and Patriotic Antiquities in Emden . Emden 1937. p. 74; Note 5
  7. ^ Dettmar Coldewey: Frisia Orientalis. Data on the history of the country between the Ems and Jade . Wilhelmshaven 1967. p. 180 (Article Wichte )
  8. ↑ Hermann v. Wicht: The way of the family v. Wicht through the centuries in the service of home and people . In: Volume 25 of the yearbook of the Society for Fine Arts and Patriotic Antiquities in Emden . Emden 1937. p. 74; Note 5
  9. ↑ Pedigree of the Beuß family: Enno Aldringa von Nesse ( Memento of the original from August 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; accessed on August 13, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / beuss.spdns.de
  10. ↑ Pedigree of the Beuss family: Eberhard von Mahrenholz  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; accessed on August 13, 2016@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / beuss.spdns.de  
  11. ^ Enno Johann Heinrich Tiaden: The learned East Friesland . Volume I. Aurich 1785. pp. 174f
  12. ↑ Hermann von Wicht: The way of the family von Wicht through the centuries in the service of home and people . In: Yearbook of the Society for Fine Art and Patriotic Antiquities in Emden . Volume 25 (1937), pp. 73-88
  13. ^ Karl Leiner: Panorama district north . Norden 1972. pp. 72f
  14. ^ Gudrun Anne Dekker: Ubbo Emmius. Life, the environment, the estate and the present . Book on demand, Norderstedt 2010. p. 186; see especially note 526.
  15. ↑ The font was not published until 1753.
  16. ^ East Frisian Landscape / Walter Deeters: Hector (von Wicht) Friedrichs ; accessed on August 14, 2016
  17. ↑ Hermann von Wicht: The way of the family von Wicht through the centuries in the service of home and people . In: Yearbook of the Society for Fine Art and Patriotic Antiquities in Emden . Volume 25 (1937). P. 88
  18. ^ Gudrun Anne Dekker: Ubbo Emmius. Life, the environment, the estate and the present . Norderstedt 2010 (Book on Demand). P. 186, note 526 ( online )
  19. ↑ J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms . Volume 1, Issue 3. p. 209)
  20. ↑ The poem Hermann Mesanders was translated by Dumbox on August 13, 2016.