Nesse (Dornum)

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Nesse
Dornum municipality
Coat of arms of Nesse
Coordinates: 53 ° 39 ′ 12 "  N , 7 ° 22 ′ 50"  E
Height : 2 m above sea level NN
Residents : 669  (2008)
Incorporation : November 1, 2001
Postal code : 26553
Area code : 04933
Nesse (Lower Saxony)
Nesse

Location of Nesse in Lower Saxony

Since 2001, Nesse has been part of the municipality of Dornum and a patch in East Frisia . In 2008 the district had 669 inhabitants.

Location and transport links

Nesse is located on the eastern edge of the former Hilgenried Bay . The current distance to the North Sea coast in the north is about three kilometers. Dornum, the main town of the municipality, is also about three kilometers away in an easterly direction. The neighboring village of Hagermarsch is six kilometers west of Nesse .

The village center is located on a 5.76 meters above sea level high mound . During an excavation in 1958, the Lower Saxony Wurtenforschung found that the warf had been built by human hands as planned up to the specified height. In contrast to the rural warf, the Nessmer warf is relatively elongated and comparable to a somewhat oversized dike . The Nesser settlement yard is surrounded by Kalkmarsch , the so-called Nessmer Marsch .

Nesse is crossed by the district road 210, which connects the area of Hage with Dornum. The next train stations are in Esens ( NordWestBahn ) and Norden . They can be reached via bus line 302, which runs from the north to Esens and has a stop in Nesse. From the port of Neßmersiel there is a tide-dependent boat connection to the island of Baltrum .

history

St. Mary's Church (from the west)

Nesse emerged as a trading settlement in the 9th century. The houses of the merchants and craftsmen, simple stave houses with a floor area of ​​about six by eight meters, stood to the right and left of the street that led over the Warfkrone. Nesse is thus a typical Wiksiedlung . During excavations, the archaeologists found that the manure layers that are otherwise common in warf settlements are missing. They concluded that livestock farming hardly played a role in the early days of Nesse's settlement. Archaeological finds indicate that initially there was brisk commercial activity. With the extinction of the Frisian migrant trade in the 11th century and the rise of the so-called urban merchant , the importance of the Handelswiken decreased. The increasing siltation of the Hilgenried Bay probably contributed to this development. In place of the trade, the handicrafts and the small business enterprise increasingly appeared. The originally free slopes of the Warf were also built over by agricultural yards during this period. The first written mention of the place name dates back to the 11th century. It can be found in the register of the Werden monastery . There the donation of a territory in Friesland that bears the name Nas (= headland , projection ) is documented in an entry . It is very likely that the Nas mentioned there is identical to the Nesse . The current name Nesse appears for the first time in 1408.

Nesse, whose parish was founded from Arle , is the mother town of a number of settlements in the vicinity. In addition to individual farmsteads, these include two dyke row settlements ( Nessmeraltenende , Nessmergrode ) and a Sielsiedlung ( Nessmersiel ).

Various field names such as Burgacker, Thoorn (= tower ) and Zingel testify that there was a chief's seat with a castle in Nesse. This is also indicated by a property called Burgstätte . It is located at the east entrance of the village. The castle of the Dornum chief Hero Attena probably stood here . His son Lütet Attena , who was married to Okka from the well-known East Frisian chief dynasty tom Broek , was the first Nessmer chief to live in the castle complex at the end of the 14th century. Ubbo Emmius reports in his Frisian story that Lütet killed his wife in Nesse in 1410 because of her adulterous lifestyle. Quade Foelke , the mother of the slain, then ordered a campaign of revenge , in the course of which the Attena castles in Dornum and Nesse were destroyed. Hero and Lütet, who had surrendered to "grace and injustice", had Quade Foelke executed in the Dornum courtyard. Hajo Elstena erected a new building on the remains of the first castle . According to the Chronicle of Eggerik Beningas, he died in 1443 during a war at the Accumer Tief . The castle site in the eastern Nessmer entrance area must have been built with a stone house later. Documents report that a house that was on Burgplatz in the 17th century was sold to Field Marshal Gustav Wilhelm von Wedel for 12,000 thalers . Count Ulrich Cirksena is named as another castle owner in Nesse . Its castle, however, was presumably in the Nessmergrode settlement area . The last chief of Nesse was a Junker from the House of Attena and a captain of the Emden garrison. He died on December 13, 1669 in Emden and was transferred to Nesse on Christmas Eve of the same year.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, agriculture was dominated by a wide range of handicrafts . The population register from 1719 names four bakers , brewers and shoemakers each . The carpentry trade was represented by three companies. There are also two weavers and two linen dealers listed. Once there were among others the following trades: barber , blacksmith and tailor . Around 160 years later, seven carpenters, six cobblers and four blacksmiths were registered in Nesse. Newly added were a haberdashery dealer, a wheelwright , three innkeepers and a watchmaker . Two local merchants earned extra income as postal agents and auctioneers. Among other things, the brewing trade disappeared in 1880.

On July 1, 1972, the communities Neßmersiel and Westdorf were incorporated.

From August 2, 1972 to October 31, 2001 the place was part of the joint municipality of Dornum.

On November 1, 2001, Nesse came to the Dornum community.

Attractions

St. Mary's Church (from the east)

The Evangelical Lutheran St. Mary's Church from the 12th century and the sandstone baptismal font inside is worth seeing . With the rectory, the organist's house, the external bell tower and the cemetery, you will find the best preserved church complex in East Frisia. The apse of the church was built towards the end of the 12th century.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the place shows, divided into gold and black, above a growing black, red-armored bear with a gold collar, below a golden ear of corn, accompanied by two golden, six-pointed spur wheels. It symbolizes the history of the place: the bear is taken from the Attenas coat of arms. The ear of wheat shows the fertility of the Nesser marshland. The spur wheels come from the coat of arms of the former district town of Norden.

Personalities

  • Lütet Attena , first chief of Nesse
  • Remmer Janssen , Lutheran pastor and original East Frisian revival preacher, served as vicariate in Nesse in 1876/77.
  • Rudolf Bielefeld (1867–1933), educator, local researcher and writer

Web links

Commons : Nesse  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ www.ostfriesenelandschaft.de
  2. ↑ Municipality of Dornum: Brief information on the municipality of Dornum , accessed on August 11, 2010.
  3. ↑ a b c d Karl Leiner: Panorama district north. Pictures, coats of arms, people, notes. Norden 1972, p. 295 ff.
  4. ↑ a b c Eberhard Rack: Ostfriesland. A pocket atlas of landscape studies , Norden 1976, p. 69, column II.
  5. ↑ Details on the Nessmer March from Eberhard Rach: Ostfriesland. A landscape pocket atlas , Norden 1976, p. 69 f.
  6. ↑ a b c local chronicles of the East Frisian landscape: Nesse, Samtgemeinde Dornum, district Aurich (PDF; 35 kB), accessed on August 11, 2010.
  7. ^ Wolfgang Schwarz: Settlement of East Frisia in prehistoric and early historical times. Aurich 1990, p. 254 (list of finds in the municipality of Nesse).
  8. ^ Gerhard Siebels: Guide through East Friesland and its seaside resorts. Leer 1953, p. 257.
  9. ^ Dettmar Coldewey: Frisia Orientalis. Data on the history of the country between the Ems and Jade. Wilhelmshaven 1967, p. 118.
  10. ↑ Ubbo Emmius: Frisian History (written in Latin in 1598; translated from Latin in 1981 by Erich von Reeken), Frankfurt am Main 1981, Volume II, Section 255.
  11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 264 .
  12. ^ Municipality of Dornum: Numbers / data / facts - origin of the municipality , accessed on August 11, 2010.
  13. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2001
  14. ^ Municipality of Dornum: Nesse coat of arms , accessed on August 11, 2010.
  15. ↑ Remmer Janssen's biography on the homepage of the Lutheran confessional community ; accessed on August 18, 2010
  16. ^ Karl Leiner: Panorama district north. Pictures, coats of arms, people, notes. Norden 1972, p. 299 f.