Meadow field (Geisa)

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Meadow field
City of Geisa
Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 12 "  N , 9 ° 55 ′ 32"  E
Height : 312 m above sea level NN
Residents : 161  (2012)
Incorporation : October 1, 1991
Postal code : 36419
Area code : 036967
map
Location of Wiesenfeld in Geisa
The center of Wiesenfeld.
The center of Wiesenfeld.

Wiesenfeld is a district of the town of Geisa in the Wartburg district in Thuringia .

location

Wiesenfeld lies west of Geismar; the corridor connects to the west of the Hesse- Thuringia border, which was the inner-German border from 1949 to 1990 . State road 2603 runs on the eastern edge of the village and connects Wiesenfeld with the neighboring parts of the village and the city center. The surrounding area belongs to the Thuringian Rhön and lies in the Rhön Biosphere Reserve . The geographic height of the place is 312  m above sea level. NN .

history

The district was first mentioned in a document between 822 and 842. In 1150 the name Wiesenfeld (Wisentfeld) was mentioned in a certificate from Abbot Markward of the Fulda Abbey (1150–1168). Markward determined that after the recovery of the place Wiesentfeld (presumably it was pledged) the income from the monastery property due there would be transferred directly to the maintenance of the monks (in Rasdorf?).

The noble families of the Rockenstuhl office belonged to the Buch nobility , they were vassals of the Fulda monastery and served the abbots as warriors, administrators and court lords. A noble family residing in the village of Wiesenfeld appears with Bertold de Wiesenfelt as a castle man at Fürsteneck Castle near Eiterfeld : “ ... and he allocated 15 acres on the Schederolf mountain to improve his castle fiefdom. “The descendants of Tylo von Wiesenfeld followed later in this fiefdom , from whom it passed to his grandson Hermann von Aldenburg in 1451. In neighboring Geismar had Heinrich, Hans and Berld of Wiesentfelt an estate from which they sell in 1378 to the Monastery of St. Michael in Fulda cereals (wheat and oats). With the consent of her brother sold Adelaide of Wisenpffelt - the widow Berlds (Bertolds of Wiesenfeld), in 1405 the material located in Geismar, called "the end Good" for 50 guilders to the chaplain of the castle rock chair, Heinrich Friedrich . The family flourished with Tylo von Wiesenfeld . The highly respected knight had a kemenate in Eiterfeld, where he was again one of the Burgmannen von Fürsteneck, two estates in Reckrode, two farms in Taft (Tafta), one in Hausen (Husin), seven estates and two farms in Geismar, one farm each in Schleid and Borsch , the family estate in Wiesenfeld and two farms in Rodeches.

According to local tradition, the "castle" of the Lords of Wiesenfeld was located in the area of ​​homestead no. 21, it was rebuilt in 1824 and was given an upper floor. The stable and a barn stood at an angle to the massive main building. This courtyard, also known as the manorial domain, was located on the highest point of the village. Opposite was the parish hall and a belfry with the little bell.

In the middle of the 16th century, the von Wiesenfeld family (in the village) died out. According to local tradition, the last widow donated her fortune in order to receive a free admission to the Geisa hospital, where she spent her retirement years in care and without need. A document still found for this hospital mentions that the municipality of Wiesenfeld lent the hospital 600 guilders. Possession of the meadow fields Ritter just fell to the Fulda Abbot part. One in the State Archives Marburg document found mention of the possessions of the descendants of a Valentine of Geisa also ... two goods to be Wiesenfelt with all Belongings and the mill as fuldisches fief. As early as 1421, the Fulda abbot Johann and representatives of the Buch nobility swore a contract with the municipality of Wiesenfeld “for the eternal sentence”. From the 15th century, real estate sales and wills for other goods in Wiesenfeld can be documented in files; they were handed over to the main state archive in Weimar in the holdings of the “Eisenacher Archive” . The fragmentation of the rights and possessions granted to Wiesenfeld grew in the following two centuries into an unmanageable network of relationships. As early as the 16th century, around 15 noble families and the town of Geisa in Wiesenfeld had rights and property, the majority were feuding with each other, which led to constant disputes and social tensions. With the vacancy , the lower jurisdiction was reassigned. In 1584 Wiesenfeld was awarded to a branch of the “ von der Tann ” by the Fulda monastery . Opposite them stood the influential noble clan of the Lords of Völkershausen , who appeared as court lords of Wiesenfeld from 1646. In the 17th and 18th centuries the von Völkershausen Wiesenfeld managed to get large parts of them into their possession. For the year 1625 40 court rides can be proven in Wiesenfeld according to the Turkish tax list for the office Rockenstuhl .

Only from the 19th century onwards, documents from the municipal registers can be submitted about the social conditions in the village of Wiesenfeld, as the Geisa official archives suffered great losses due to fires in 1853 and 1883. Until 1881 the place was parish after Geisa.

By the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Geisa and its surrounding area were assigned to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach and now lay in the border area with Hesse. The traditional connection to Fulda was preserved through the Catholic religion.

The place Wiesenfeld was economically impoverished in the 19th century by looting when the Napoleonic troops withdrew and its later border location. However, the population grew and looked for a new source of income by smuggling spirits . Wiesental craftsmen and carters had built a flourishing liquor trade with Nordhäuser brandy stills. The often inferior schnapps was smuggled into the neighboring Hessian area. During this time the place was given the nickname "Klein Nordhausen". Originally, several fruit tree plantations were created in Wiesental for personal use and at times they were able to produce fruit brandies themselves. Storms and pests had ruined these fruit tree plantations. The attempts made by the state authorities to stop the smuggling failed miserably and at the same time led to a social destabilization in the place, as many poor residents of Wiesenfeld participated in the lucrative liquor trade. Due to various incidents, the place lost the requested state support, so the funds requested by the Grand Ducal Finance Administration for the construction of its own church were also refused. It was not until 1881 that the construction of the village church - initially called a chapel, could be realized. The building permit was granted to the Geisa dean Leonard Vogt, who received the project as a "private band". The construction work was delayed due to financial problems, the church could not be inaugurated until 1887. For the construction of the first school, taxes and donations were collected from 1841, construction began in the same year, but the first lessons did not take place until 1843. This school was in use until 1904 and was replaced by a new building that year. On January 25, 1922, the first houses in Wiesenfeld were connected to the power supply. The town's cemetery was inaugurated in 1933.

After the Second World War , Wiesenfeld was right on the inner-German border . For this reason, were on 5 June 1952 at the scope of the action vermin of the village forcibly relocated residents. That night, 18 families and individuals fled across the inner-German border to the west. On August 14, 1962, in the district of Wiesenfeld near the border, there was an extremely serious exchange of fire between members of the GDR border troops and the Federal Border Guard . The border troop captain Rudi Arnstadt was shot dead. The shooter Hans Plüschke was murdered in 1998. The case has not yet been resolved. The mill, built in 1872, was demolished in 1971 as part of border security along the inner-German border .

On April 1, 1991, the citizens of Wiesenfeld voted with 90% for incorporation into the town of Geisa. The population moved from 1815 to 1950 between 224 and 306, while in 2000 there were 162 inhabitants. On January 1, 2011, 152 people lived in the village, in 2012 there were 161 inhabitants.

literature

  • Otto Reuter: Cultural-historical pictures from a Rhöndorf . In: Erich Schreiber (Ed.): Contributions to folklore and regional studies of the Rhön . tape 2 . Fritz Fink Verlag, Weimar 1937, p. 56 .

Web links

Commons : Wiesenfeld  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Official topographic maps of Thuringia 1: 10,000. Wartburgkreis, district of Gotha, district-free city of Eisenach . In: Thuringian Land Survey Office (Hrsg.): CD-ROM series Top10 . CD 2. Erfurt 1999.
  2. ^ Wolfgang Kahl : First mention of Thuringian towns and villages. A manual. Rockstuhl Verlag, Bad Langensalza, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-202-0 , p. 313
  3. ↑ Otto Dobencker (arr. And ed.): Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae (approx. 500 - 1152) . tape 1 . Fischer, Jena 1896. No. 1628
  4. ^ A b Johann Friedrich Schannat: Fuldischer Lehnhof . Elenchus Vassalorum Fuldensium. Frankfurt / Main 1726.
  5. ↑ Otto Reuter: Cultural-historical pictures from a Rhöndorf . 1937, p. 13 .
  6. ↑ a b Otto Reuter: Cultural-historical pictures from a Rhöndorf . 1937, p. 14-15 .
  7. ↑ Perpetual sentence - this was a kind of tax list (tax assessment). The "Eternal Sentence" was created in the same way as a directory for every place that was under the suzerainty of Fulda. The eternal sentence was (possibly) still used for the Office Rockenstuhl until the Thirty Years' War and was replaced in 1652 by the Fulda “treasure register”.
  8. ↑ Otto Reuter: Cultural-historical pictures from a Rhöndorf . 1937, p. 18 .
  9. ^ Adalbert Schröter: Land on the road. The history of the Catholic parishes in the Thuringian Rhön . St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 1989, ISBN 3-7462-0430-5 , p. 114-118 .
  10. ↑ Otto Reuter: Cultural-historical pictures from a Rhöndorf . 1937, p. 28-29 .
  11. ↑ Otto Reuter: Cultural-historical pictures from a Rhöndorf . 1937, p. 20-21 .
  12. ↑ a b Otto Reuter: Cultural-historical pictures from a Rhöndorf . 1937, p. 26-27 .
  13. ↑ Thomas Gerlach: My truth, your truth. In: the daily newspaper, 8. November 2013, p. 5
  14. ↑ a b Wiesenfeld on the website of the city of Geisa Retrieved on May 21, 2012