Wilhelm Schulz (graphic designer)

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Wilhelm Schulz (born December 23, 1865 in Lüneburg , † March 16, 1952 in Munich ) was a German caricaturist , painter and poet . He has worked in particular for the satirical magazine Simplicissimus and as a book illustrator.

Life

Coming from a humble background, Schulz attended the trade and construction school in Hamburg, which he had to quit prematurely after his father's unexpected death. He then completed an apprenticeship at the Lithographic Art Institute in Hamburg. In 1887 he was able to attend the Berlin art college with a grant from the Prussian Ministry of Culture . He then studied at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Karlsruhe and finally from October 21, 1892 at the Munich Art Academy under Paul Hoecker , with whom Bruno Paul and a number of the artists of the later Scholle Association also studied. A little later they all belonged to the circle around the young publisher Albert Langen , when he started the satirical magazine Simplicissimus in 1896 .

Schulz married Marie Clausius, also from Lüneburg, in 1897, with whom he had a daughter, Anneliese, who later married Böhmer. He spent the rest of his life in Munich, but must have returned to intensive study trips to Lüneburg, as he kept drawing new motifs from his hometown for his Simplicissimus pictures well into old age . In 1943 his apartment in Munich was destroyed by bombs, so that the couple had to move to Lake Walchensee . After the war they returned to Munich. Since Schulz had lost his livelihood with the Simplicissimus publishing house, he spent the last years of his life in very modest circumstances, prevented from working by an eye disease. Only after his death was attention drawn to him again.

plant

Alongside Eduard Thöny, Wilhelm Schulz was the only draftsman who contributed to the Simplicissimus from the first to the last year . In 1906 he became a partner in the GmbH, which has now published the magazine.

His specialty among his colleagues was that he often wrote poems with his drawings, the linguistic style of which is reminiscent of Theodor Storm and Wilhelm Raabe . The poem Der Jäger was set to music by Edvard Grieg . For decades he brought atmospheric vedutas of German small towns, which, free of all traces of modern life, evoke the “good old days”. It was always emphasized that Schulz brought a particularly emotional note to the magazine with his pictorial poems. However, especially from 1900 onwards, he created at least as many pictures with contemporary politics. More than his drawing colleagues, he took a stand for the working class, whose emaciated figures are reminiscent of the drawings by Käthe Kollwitz .

The DC circuit of Simplicissimus by the Nazis he wore in March 1933 and adapted to the new political realities on. During the Nazi era he remained a recognized artist and between 1937 and 1942 showed a total of eight works at the Great German Art Exhibitions in the House of German Art in Munich . Museums such as the Staatliche Graphische Sammlung München have now acquired his drawings.

Schulz was a member of the Berlin Secession from 1900 to 1913 , for which he also created exhibition posters in 1900 and 1902. Until 1900 he was led there with the residence Charlottenburg , so that he probably had two residences during this time - in Munich and in Charlottenburg. In the catalogs of the Secession he is referred to as a painter, but mainly exhibited drawings whose titles suggest that they were pictures that had appeared in the Simplicissimus . He also designed sets and theatrical costumes, u. a. for the production of the Shakespeare play What you want by Max Reinhardt at the Münchner Kammerspiele .

Schulz created his own books, including two successful children's books, and he illustrated numerous literary works a. a. by Hermann Hesse , Hugo Salus , Ina Seidel and Ludwig Thoma . Today his cover drawing for Thomas Mann's novel Buddenbrooks and the illustrations for Selma Lagerlöf The wonderful journey of little Nils Holgersson with the wild geese are probably the best known thanks to multiple reprints . A detail from the cover illustration was used for a 2008 Deutsche Post postage stamp .

Schulz's early illustrations still show the style of Franz von Stuck's decorative leaves in the covers and in the illustrations, watercolors printed autotypically as grisaille , almost photo-realistic miniatures, such as those created by Adolf Münzer and Ferdinand von Rezniček in the 1890s. But Schulz soon adopted the characteristic style of his Simplicissimus pictures for book illustration as well.

Standalone illustrated books

  • Fairy tale . Pictures and poems by Wilhelm Schulz. Albert Langen Verlag, Munich undated [approx. 1903]
  • The pretzeltopf . A children's book. Images and verses. Albert Langen Verlag, Munich undated [1904]
  • The colorful wreath . Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1908
  • The dear railway . Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg 1926 (English edition: Whitman & Co., Chicago 1933)

Book illustrations

  • Hans Arnold: The move and other novellas . Adolf Bonz & Co., Stuttgart 1896
  • Ludwig Hevesi: The Althof people . A summer novel. Adolf Bonz & Co., Stuttgart 1897
  • Hans Arnold: April weather . New novellas. Adolf Bonz & Co. Verlag, Stuttgart 1898
  • Thomas Mann: Little Mr. Friedemann . Novellas. S. Fischer Verlag, Berlin 1898 (cover with floral embossing)
  • Hugo Salus: Poems . Georg Müller Verlag, Munich 1901 (cover)
  • Hugo Salus: Susanna in the bath . Acting in 1 act. Mchn., Langen 1901.
  • Hans Arnold: Sun dust . New novellas. Adolf Bonz & Co., Stuttgart 1902
  • Hugo Salus: harvest . Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1903 (cover)
  • Thomas Mann: Buddenbrooks . S. Fischer Verlag, Berlin 1903 (cover)
  • Christian Reuter: Schelmuffsky's truly curious and very dangerous travelogue on water and land . First printed in Schelmerode in 1696. Now overlooked anew and brought here by Engelbert Hegaur (ie Wilhelm Engelbert Oeftering). Albert Langen Verlag, Munich undated [around 1910] (cover)
  • Otto Rühle: The proletarian child . A monograph. Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1911 (cover)
  • Joseph Conrad: The Beast and Other Stories . Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1912 (cover)
  • Martin Andersen Nexö: Happiness . A story from the Bornholmer Nordland. Munich Albert Langen 1913
  • Ludwig Thoma: Neighbors . Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1913 (cover)
  • Hermann Hesse: In the old sun . Berlin: S. Fischer: 1914
  • Leo Perutz: The third ball . Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1915 (cover)
  • Hermann Hesse: The Latin student . Hamburg-Großborstel: Publishing house of the German Poet Memorial Foundation 1915
  • Max Dauthendey: The Great War's Need . Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1915 (cover)
  • Hermann Löns: The little rose garden . Folk songs. Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1915 (cover)
  • Ludwig Thoma: Holy Night . A Christmas legend. Albert Langen Verlag, Munich undated (1916)
  • August Lämmle: Colorful stories . Tales and quarrels. From the vernacular and from ancient scriptures. Stuttgart: Strecker & Schröder 1917 (cover)
  • Hermann Löns: The little rose garden . Folk songs. Jena: Eugen Diederichs Verlag 1917
  • Verner von Heidenstam: Charles the Twelfth and his warriors . First and second part. Albert Langen Verlag, Munich undated (1918)
  • Leo Perutz: The Marques de Bolibar . Novel. Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1920
  • O. v. Gruyères: Lever's treasure chest . Selected for the youth. Thienemanns Verlag, Stuttgart undated (approx. 1920)
  • Ludwig Thoma: The Jagerloisl . A Tegernsee story. Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1921 (cover)
  • Thoma, Ludwig: The Ruepp . Novel. Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1922 (cover)
  • Thoma, Ludwig: Munich women . Novel. Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1923 (cover)
  • Thoma, Ludwig: Neighbors . Albert Langen Verlag, Munich 1923 (cover)
  • Leo Perutz: Turlupine . Novel. Albert Langen Verlag, Munich undated (around 1924)
  • John Habberton: Helen's little children . Berlin: Wegweiser Verlag 1924
  • Gustav W. Eberlein: Captain Wulff. From the cabin boy to the captain . Thienemann Verlag, Stuttgart 1924
  • Ina Seidel: The wonderful little kid book . New stories for children who know the old fairy tales well. Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Stuttgart 1925
  • Gustav W. Eberlein: The fur seal. Wulff's further journeys and adventures . W. Thienemann, Stuttgart 1926
  • Winged and drawn things . Classic words in the caricature based on an idea by Beo Grendel. With a foreword by Alexander von Gleichen-Rußwurm. Illustrated by Karl Arnold , Josef Geis, Olaf Gulbransson , Thomas Theodor Heine , Friedrich Heubner, Erich Schilling , Wilhelm Schulz, Eduard Thöny , Erich Wilke u. a. Munich: Richard Pflaum Verlag, 1929
  • Stijn Streuvels: The Christ Child . Albert Langen Georg Müller Verlag, Munich 1932
  • Hermann Siegmann (Ed.): Year out - year in. From my summer garden . Published on behalf of the district administration of the NS teachers' association Gau Württemberg-Hohenzollern. Thienemann Verlag, Stuttgart undated [1937] (illustration contributions)

Exhibitions

literature

The not very extensive written estate is in the German Art Archive in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg.

  • Ludwig Thoma: Selected letters. Edited by Josef Hofmiller and Michael Hochgesang. Verlag Albert Langen, Munich 1927, p. 60 and 156 (on the fairy tale book Der Prutzeltopf and Thomas Heilige Nacht )
  • Kai-Ingo Voigt: Wilhelm Schulz and the Simplicissimus in Lüneburg. Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 2011, ISBN 978-3-86530-150-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 00985 Wilhelm Schulz, register book 1884–1920. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  2. ↑ Anneliese Boehmer: My father . In: Exhibition catalog Lüneburg 1952, p. 6, cit. after: Kai-Ingo Voigt: Wilhelm Schulz and the Simplicissimus in Lüneburg. Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 2011, ISBN 978-3-86530-150-5 , p. 10.
  3. ↑ Anke Matelowski: The Berlin Secession 1899-1937. Chronicle, Context, Fate, Source Studies on Art, Volume 12, Wädenswil am Zürichsee: Nimbus 2017, p. 53 (ill.), 59 (ill.) And 576; For the poster from 1900 see: museen-sh.de Retrieved on August 29, 2018
  4. ↑ Anneliese Boehmer: My father . In: Exhibition catalog Lüneburg 1952, p. 6, cit. after: Kai-Ingo Voigt: Wilhelm Schulz and the Simplicissimus in Lüneburg. Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 2011, ISBN 978-3-86530-150-5 , p. 6.
personal data
SURNAME Schulz, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German graphic artist for Simplicissimus magazine
DATE OF BIRTH December 23, 1865
PLACE OF BIRTH Luneburg
DATE OF DEATH March 16, 1952
Place of death Munich