Paul Hoecker

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Paul Hoecker (1854-1910)

Paul Hoecker , also Paul Höcker , (born August 11, 1854 in Oberlangenau , Habelschwerdt district in Silesia , † January 13, 1910 in Munich ) was a German painter of the Munich School and a founding member of the Munich Secession .

Life

Childhood and youth

His parents' house, the “ Hoecker-Haus ”, was “on the plan” in Oberlangenau in the County of Glatz in Silesia , in which numerous coats of arms and ancestral images indicated a long, wealthy family line. “He received no further suggestions for the fine arts at home, but he did inherit a rich musical talent from his mother. His passion for art must have developed gradually during his school days. During the time when he attended the grammar school in Neustadt in Silesia, he was known at least for his humorous drawings and caricatures of his teachers ”.

The Hoecker House. Painting by Paul Hoecker (around 1900)

Training at the academy

On October 19, 1874, he was accepted into the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, which he attended until spring 1879. He received his training from the genre and landscape painter Wilhelm von Diez . “From his school came artists who moved away from the primarily novelistic orientation of genre painting. Many of his students later became members of the Munich Secession and prepared Impressionism and Art Nouveau . "

Apprenticeship and wandering years

In May 1882 he went to Paris, later to Holland , Holstein and the German seaports and then back to Munich. In Munich, Hoecker became friends with Fritz von Uhde , Bruno Piglhein and Max Liebermann . In 1883 he appeared with genre pictures from Holland and interiors at the Munich international art exhibition, in which the delicacy of the characteristics combined with a great coloristic skill in the treatment of chiaroscuro. Around 1883 he traveled again to Paris and Holland. From January to autumn 1884 he worked in Munich again, but then moved to Berlin. In 1888 he returned to Munich and joined the modern naturalistic style of painting, placing the main emphasis on the reproduction of strong lighting effects.

Activities as a teacher at the Munich Academy

Paul Hoecker was appointed professor at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Munich on December 1, 1891 . “At the age of 36 he was extraordinarily young for this vocation.” He took over the painting class at the academy , which had been orphaned since Friedrich August von Kaulbach . He was the first teacher at the academy who dared to paint in the country in the summer, to Haimhausen , Utting am Ammersee , Breitbrunn am Chiemsee , etc. He did not make a model that you had to work on for eight or fourteen days - painted became all that could be got, and the young Hoeckers enjoyed their work. “He and his students went out into the country, where, often cramped and poorly housed, they were brought up with zeal as 'true fanatics of work', but also enjoyed the 'otium cum dignitate' artistically and with a lot of perseverance Pursued art. ”Hoecker was the first modernist at the academy. But he did not teach modernity according to paragraphs, he encouraged people to see and find things for themselves. "Paul Hoecker taught his students the art of the Barbizon School , the Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists as well as the new currents from Dachau and Worpswede ." "... I then (1895) entered the class of Professor Hoecker, who with his students in Open-air painting in the summer semester . I was finally in the right place. The students themselves ... were stimulating enough for a fruitful apprenticeship. ”“ Paul Hoecker was receptive to the signals from 'Neu-Dachau' and 'Worpswede' and passed them on to his students. In this way, natural lyricism became the spiritual basis of the 'Scholle' creation and also moved into the 'youth' through the work of the group . It was about the individual experience of the essentials and the generally applicable implementation with artistic means. That which is hidden to the human eye was to be brought into the picture from the depths of the cosmic, the greater connections to be established from the reflection of the mutual interpenetration of man and nature. "" The reputation of the Hoecker School was one in Munich in the 1890s Recommendation that always and everywhere opened the door. ”“… His chameleon-like and problematic nature turned out to be ... suitable to train a whole generation of excellent illustrators . ”“ At the beginning of the 1890s, Höcker had a very busy studio at the Munich Academy . That was a so-called 'genius box'; the best young talents in Munich at the time gathered around Höcker, an ideal teacher who never broke an independent seed for the sake of professorial authority , but who, like no other, responded to every individual appearance in his students and took them on the good side to cultivate. He didn't hit his people all over the same bar and didn't 'drill' them. He stood in front of nature with them a lot: one summer in Neubeuert with Baron Jan Wendelstadt, another in Utting am Ammersee, another one, in the closer circle, on the Swabian Alb, in Munderkingen, brought the students among themselves, the students and teachers close to each other. The founding of the 'Scholle' then came about by itself. In 1899 the young group appeared in public for the first time in the Glaspalast in Munich and has come back every year since then with rich gifts. "

Paul Hoecker and the Munich Secession

Due to Franz von Lenbach's strong influence in the Munich exhibition business, there was little space for modern art movements. Hoecker was appointed professor on December 1, 1891. Just a few months later, on April 4, 1892, he helped found the Secession , of which he was a member of the board as secretary. The Munich Secession was the first in Germany that wanted to enable new forms of painting and exhibition. In other cities (such as Berlin), similar splits followed later.

Farewell to the academy

In 1897 Hoecker was caught in a scandal by a picture of the Madonna, after which he preferred to give up teaching at the academy. He was said to have taken a rascal boy as a model, with whom he also had private contacts.

Stays in Italy and Oberlangenau

Nino Cesarini . Painting by Paul Hoecker
Pierrot with pipes , around 1900
Expectation , around 1900

“In Italy, Paul Höcker came into contact with the poet Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen , who had also retired to his Villa Lysis in Capri after a scandal in Paris . Paul Hoecker painted his lover Nino Cesarini several times over the next few years. Guglielmo Plüschow has repeatedly captured the interior of the Villa Lysis; on a photograph you can see the painting Nino with a green cloth on the left on the wall, which was only created in the last years of Höcker's life. Before 1904 he had already painted Nino under trees with a blue cloth. At this point his scandal in Munich seems to have been forgotten, at least the magazine 'Jugend' dared to print a different version of the painting (Nino dressed) in its number 26 as the title page. "" In 1901 he returned to his beloved home village Oberlangenau , where from now on he lived his creativity and inclinations. He furnished his father's house with exquisite art treasures. The 'Hoeckerhaus', his artist domicile, became a sight. ”In 1910 he died of“ Roman Malaria ” in a Munich hospital . Hoecker's niece Vally Walter took over the Langenauer Hoecker house with the studio .

Judgment on his painting

“Höcker represented the typical Munich line of painting that carefully steered tradition into newer paths, but avoided the daring. With his lyrical-sentimental, mostly religious themes (nuns in arcades or praying and meditating in front of Christ images), but also with carnival scenes, he met the southern German taste of the end of the century. In his plein air style of painting he showed an astonishing 'detail impressionism' with a loose application of paint ... He knew how to masterfully depict sunspots filtered through leaves and branches. This expressed his closeness to Max Liebermann and Fritz von Uhde, with whom he was friends. "

Paul Hoecker's pupil

Museums

literature

Web links

Commons : Paul Hoecker  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Prize: Painter Professor Paul Hoecker . East German homeland 1973.
  2. ↑ matrikel.adbk.de matriculation.
  3. ^ Brigitte Langer: The Munich artist studio of historicism. Dachau 1992, ISBN 3-89251-135-7 .
  4. ^ A b c Fritz von Ostini : Paul Hoecker and his school. Velhagen & Klasings monthly books, issue 6, February 1913.
  5. ^ J. Schmidt: Paul Höcker Die Grafschaft Glatz, Glatz September 1, 1918.
  6. ↑ Andrea Jedelsky: Leo Putz and Die Scholle. Catalog for the 1999 exhibition in the Schüller Gallery.
  7. ^ Hartfrid Neunzert (Ed.): Adolf Münzer. Paintings 1899–1919 (= art history from Landsberg. Issue 14). Landsberg 1996.
  8. ↑ Bernd Dürr: Leo Putz, Max Feldbauer and the circle of "Scholle" and "Youth" in Dachau around 1900 . Dachau 1989.
  9. ↑ Ruth Stein: Leo Putz . With a directory of the paintings and pictorial drafts, Vienna 1974.
  10. ↑ Georg Jakob Wolf: The "Scholle". In: Art and Artists in Munich. Strasbourg 1908, no. 12, p. 82.
  11. ↑ a b Magnus Hirschfeld : From then to now. Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-921495-61-X .
  12. ^ Clementine Schack von Wittenau : Karl Schmoll von Eisenwerth. Painting, graphics, glass art. Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-925369-47-3 . P. 20.
personal data
SURNAME Hoecker, Paul
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hump, Paul
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter of the Munich School and founding member of the Munich Secession
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1854
PLACE OF BIRTH Oberlangenau , Habelschwerdt district , Silesia
DATE OF DEATH January 13, 1910
Place of death Munich