Winogradnoye (North Ossetia-Alania)
Village
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Winogradnoje ( Russian Виноградное , Ossetian Винограднӕй , until 1941 Gnadenburg ) is a village (selo) in the Mozdoksky rajon in the North Caucasian republic of North Ossetia-Alania in Russia with 2379 inhabitants (as of 2015).
geography
The village is located on the right bank of the Terek River in the west of the Mozdoksky rajon. It is located about 18 km southwest of the city of Mozdok and about 90 km north of the republic capital Vladikavkaz . The average altitude in Vinogradnoye is about 145 m above sea level. The air temperature averages between + 23.5 ° C in July and −2.5 ° C in January.
history
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The first 17 German families settled here as early as 1880. Most of them came from the Bavarian Middle Franconia and from Württemberg . With the contractual purchase of the land on May 15, 1881, Gnadenburg was officially founded. The organizer of the establishment of the village was the Bavarian Lutheran pastor Samuel Gottfried Christoph Cloeter (1823-1894), who worked from 1861 to 1880 in Illenschwang , a village in the then Dinkelsbühl district . He coined the name Gnadenburg because the grace of God is like a safe castle. He cultivated a decidedly eschatological and chiliastic piety, which counted on the early appearance of the anti - divine power of the Antichrist . In doing so, he represented the reading that had already led separatist pietist circles to emigrate to the Caucasus in the late 18th and early 19th centuries : only in Russia could one evade the rule of the Antichrist. This view was derived from a specific interpretation of certain Bible passages such as B. Ezekiel , where it says in chapter 38, verse 3: "Thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, I want to you, Gog, who are the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal!" Meshech and Tubal became Moscow and Tobolsk and thus interpreted as pars pro toto for Russia. With this teaching, Cloeter had succeeded in persuading pious families in the Franconian-Swabian region of his parish in Illenschwang to emigrate.
In 1882 there were already 52 families living in the colony. Cloeter and his followers viewed the German Protestant state churches very critically and wavered between a complete withdrawal from the national church and a moderate inner-church distance, as is the case for example. B. was practiced in the community movement . So the settlers in Gnadenburg initially oriented themselves towards a rather free church community similar to the Moravian Brethren , but in the course of the decades they came closer and closer to the Lutheran church again. In 1933 the Gnadenburg Protestants officially joined the Lutheran Church of Russia.
Cloeter himself did not stay permanently in Gnadenburg; he died in 1894 in Weiltingen , the hometown of his wife.
From 1892 Gnadenburg received various ecclesiastical buildings and facilities: a church with a bell tower, a school house and a kindergarten as well as a rectory. The settlers lived from growing grain and wine as well as from handicrafts and trade. The place was initially on the territory of the Okrug Nalchik of Terek Oblast .
After the founding of the Russian SFSR , Gnadenburg was briefly part of the Kabardian Okrug of the Soviet Mountain Republic from January 20, 1921 . The Okrug became independent on September 1, 1921, and Gnadenburg came with it on January 16, 1922 to the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Okrug, on October 16, 1924 to the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast and finally on December 5, 1936 to the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR . Within these structures, the place belonged to the Malo-Kabardinski okrug ("Little Kabardei", transformed into a Rajon in 1931 ), the largest part of which today forms the Terski rajon Kabardino-Balkaria . On January 28, 1935, the easternmost part of the Rajon was spun off as Kurpski rajon, and Gnadenburg was its administrative seat.
In 1941, around 900 German residents in 159 families lived in the village alongside Ossetians and ethnic Russians who were now living there . At the end of 1941, the entire German population of Gnadenburg was deported to Kazakhstan and the place was renamed Winogradnoje (which translates as "Weingartendorf"). As a result, mainly other Ossetians settled, and later Turks too .
During the Second World War , Winogradnoye was occupied by the German Wehrmacht from late August 1942 to late January 1943 . With a resolution of March 7, 1944, the Rajon was dissolved, and the greater part of it east of the Kurp River, which gives it its name (flows into the Terek about 4 km above, i.e. west of the town from the right), including Winogradnoye, came to the North Ossetian ASSR , from which the today's North Ossetia-Alania emerged.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1939 | 1606 |
| 2002 | 2674 |
| 2010 | 2333 |
Note: census data
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Cloeter, Samuel Gottfried Christoph. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 1069-1070.
- Gottlieb Bieri: The community of Gnadenburg in the North Caucasus. In: Joseph Schnurr (Hrsg.): The churches and the religious life of the Russian Germans - Evangelical part. Stuttgart 1978, pp. 272-302.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Kantzenbach: Evangelical Spirit and Faith in Modern Bavaria. Munich 1980, pp. 267-280.
- Karl Stumpp : Directory of German settlements in the North Caucasus. In: Home book of the country team of Germans from Russia. Stuttgart 1961, pp. 155-161.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Оценка численности населения муниципальных образований Республики Северная Осетия-Алания. (PDF) Retrieved November 17, 2017.
- ↑ Ezekiel 38,3 LUT