Winterlings

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Winterlings
Winterling (Eranthis hyemalis)

Winterling ( Eranthis hyemalis )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Actaeeae
Genre : Winterlings
Scientific name
Eranthis
Salisb.

Winterlings ( Winterling ) ( Eranthis sp. ) Form a genus of plants in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) with about seven species. They occur in Eurasia .

description

Vegetative characteristics

Illustration of Eranthis hyemalis , with a rhizome, basal leaves, inflorescence stem, bracts, flower and follicles

Winterlings grow as perennial, herbaceous plants . They form a rhizome with a diameter of about 1 cm and several bulbous segments as a permanent organ. For Eranthis hyemalis , exact investigations showed that a hypocotyl bulb is formed. There are at most one or two basal leaves ; they consist of a long petiole and a palm-shaped leaf blade with an irregularly serrated leaf margin.

Generative characteristics

The inflorescence stem is always unbranched and ends in a terminal, single flower. Under the flower there is a whorl of horizontal bracts in a number that varies depending on the species. The flower is hermaphroditic and radial symmetry. The organs of the flower form five to eight yellow, white or pink-red, corolla-like sepals that are elongated, elliptical or egg-shaped. There are five to eight small and tubular nectaries , sometimes with sterile anthers. There are ten to many (up to 36) stamens with one-nerved, narrow linear stamens and ellipsoidal or circular anthers. There are four to nine, rarely more, free carpels per flower , which end in a clearly recognizable scar. Each carpel contains six to nine ovules . There are four to nine, rarely more follicles , which are 2 to 3 mm long, straight or curved in the upper area, end in a beak and each contain many seeds. The somewhat flattened, egg-shaped to ellipsoidal seeds have an olive-brown, smooth or network-like sculptured surface. The basic chromosome number is x = 8. All parts of the plant are poisonous.

  • unopened flowers

  • Bracts and flower of Eranthis pinnatifida

  • Ovules

  • Open follicles of Eranthis hyemalis

  • Kostelecký zámecký park (68) .jpg

Systematics and distribution

The genus Eranthis occurs in Eurasia and was first described in 1807 by Richard Anthony Salisbury with the type species Eranthis hyemalis . The generic name Eranthis is derived from the Greek words he for spring and anthos for blossom. A synonym for Eranthis Salisb. is Cammarum Hill nom. rej. The genus Eranthis belongs to the tribe Actaeeae in the subfamily Ranunculoideae within the family Ranunculaceae . The genus Eranthis is divided into two sections with eight and nine species:

and display information about the image
Distribution map of the eight and nine species of winterling in Europe and Asia. (Attempt to present a representation according to the natural distribution specified in the articles.)
Surname Common name distribution image
Section Eranthis:
Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. ( Winterling ) (Syn .:
Eranthis × tubergenii Hoog
( Eranthis cilicica × Eranthis hyemalis )):		 Southern Europe, it serves as an ornamental plant and occurs feral in Europe and North America. Winterlings.jpg
Eranthis cilicica Schott & Kotschy Turkey - South Anatolia Eranthis cilicica 001 GotBot 2016.jpg
Eranthis longistipitata rule Widespread in northeastern Iran and south-central Asia. Eranthis longistipitata 02.jpg
Eranthis sect. Shibateranthis (Nakai) Tamura :
It is used by some authors as a separate genus Shibateranthis Nakai separated
Eranthis albiflora Franchet Endemic to the western part of the Chinese province of Sichuan .
Eranthis lobulata W.T.Wang Endemic to the north-central and western parts of the Chinese province of Sichuan. in the Qionglai Shan Mountains Tibet
Eranthis pinnatifida Maxim. Japan - Middle and Western Honschu . Eranthis pinnatifida (Mount Ibuki) .jpg
Eranthis sibirica DC. Native to the mountains of Siberia. Altai , Angara area and Sayan mountains
Eranthis stellata Maxim. In the Ussuri area, northern Korea and northeast China's Jilin and Liaoning provinces .
Eranthis byunsanensis B.Y. Sun South Korea

Web links to images:

  1. ↑ a b c Pictures of Eranthis species on Plantarium.ru (Latin + Russian).
  2. ↑ Pictures of E. albiflora on 2.bp.blogspot.com (English).
  3. ↑ Pictures from E. byunsanensis on kalle-k.dk (in English) ( Memento of the original from May 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kalle-k.dk
  4. ↑ Pictures by E. byunsanensis "kalle-k.dk" (English).

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Li Liangqian, Michio Tamura: Eranthis. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 6: Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 1-930723-05-9 , pp. 148 (English). ( flora.huh.harvard.edu PDF, efloras.org ).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Bruce D. Parfitt: Eranthis in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 , pp. 183-184 (English). ( efloras.org ).
  3. ↑ Wilhelm Troll: Comparative morphology of the higher plants. Part 1: organs of vegetation. Borntraeger, Berlin-Zehlendorf 1937–1943; Reprinted by Koeltz, Königstein 1967.
  4. ^ Theodor doctor: About the embryo formation of pseudomonocotyledons (Podophyllum Emodi and Eranthis hiemalis). Heinrich, Dresden 1933 (also dissertation, University of Göttingen 1929).
  5. ^ Richard Anthony Salisbury: Observations on the Genera of Trollius, Eranthis, Helleborus, Coptis, and Isopyrum. In: Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Volume 8, 1807, pp. 300-307, here: p. 303, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F13718%23page%2F325%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D .
  6. ^ Actaeeae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  7. ↑ a b Michio Tamura: Eranthis. In: Adolf Engler, Karl Prantl (first), Paul Hiepko (ed.): The natural plant families along with their genera and more important species, especially useful plants. Volume 17a, part 4: Angiospermae: order Ranunculales, Fam. Ranunculaceae. 2nd greatly increased and improved edition. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-428-07980-9 , pp. 253-255.
  8. ↑ Werner Greuter, Hervé-Maurice Burdet, Guy Long (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 4: Dicotyledones (Lauraceae - Rhamnaceae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1989, ISBN 2-8277-0154-5 , pp. 408 . ( bgbm.org ).
  9. ^ Peter Hadland Davis (ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 1 (Pteridophyta to Polygalaceae) . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1965, ISBN 0-85224-159-3 , pp. 97 (reprinted 1997).
  10. ↑ Wen-Tsai Wang, Pei Gen Xiao: Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica, Additamentum 1: 53, pl. 1, f. 1. 1965; ( tropicos.org )
  11. ↑ Megabook.ru (Russian); Весенник сибирский - Eranthis sibirica DC; megabook.ru
  12. ↑ BY Sun et al .: A New Species of Eranthis (Ranunculaceae) from Korea: E. byunsanensis. In: Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy. Volume 23, No. 1, p. 23.

Web links

Commons : Winterlinge  - album with pictures, videos and audio files