Wollenberg
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Wollenberg
City of Bad Rappenau
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| Height : | 204 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 2.09 km² |
| Residents : | 408 (2009) |
| Population density : | 195 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 74906 |
| Area code : | 06268 |
Wollenberg is a village in Baden-Württemberg that has been part of Bad Rappenau since January 1, 1972 .
geography
Wollenberg is located in the northeastern Kraichgau in the valley of the Wollenbach , which cuts through the Muschelkalk soils , rises on the southern edge of Hüffenhardt and flows into the Schwarzbach , a tributary of the Elsenz , near Helmstadt . The district of Wollenberg covers just under 206 ha, the lowest point is around 190 m, the highest point around 298 m above sea level. NN ; the town center is at an altitude of 194 m above sea level. NN . Since there are plenty of streams from the surrounding hills flowing upstream of the Wollenbach, Wollenberg is often exposed to floods when the snowmelts or after heavy rainfall. After several severe floods in the 1950s, the first retention systems were built. After a severe flood in 1994, another retention basin followed between Hüffenhardt and Wollenberg. However, because there is still a threat of flooding, further dams are being planned.
history
The Wollenbachtal, through which an old traffic route leads from Heidelberg to Wimpfen , was settled up the valley, i.e. from the Bargen founded around 600 . Wollenberg was probably settled three or four generations after Bargen was founded, i.e. around the year 700, and was first mentioned in the Lorsch Codex in 792 as Wellenberg . In a document from the Hochstift Worms in 856, Wollenberge is mentioned . Fragments from the 8th / 9th centuries Century document the existence of a settlement at this time and at the same time represent the oldest finds in the district. The earliest settlement probably consisted of only one farm or a group of a few farms, and it is uncertain whether the place from its foundation to the high Middle Ages was settled throughout.
Wollenberg and Bargen came to the diocese of Worms early on , which gave the place and its hamlet to the Lords of Ehrenberg as a fief before 1395 . In 1411 the place was called the Wilerlin (small hamlet, i.e. a separate district) of the main town of Bargen. In 1463 a chapel in Wollenberg is mentioned, which according to another document from 1493 was consecrated to St. Valentinus and was a branch of the church in Hüffenhardt . In 1541 Philipp von Helmstatt is named as the landlord. In 1592 the property went to Friedrich Landschad von Steinach , who had a new chapel built in 1597 and whose widow sold the place to Johann Friedrich Wambolt von Umstadt in 1629 . In 1652 Abraham Gerner von Lilienstein and his brother Adam bought Wollenberg, which cost 17,000 guilders. In the 17th century, viticulture was very important in Wollenberg; after several years of war, the wine press was the most important and only intact building on site in 1700 .
After various pledges and changes of ownership in quick succession, Wollenberg came to the Lords of Gemmingen-Guttenberg in 1716 , who, after the long periods of war and hardship in the 17th century, kept the border and ownership relationships in the hall and warehouse book of 1717 and the Geometric Kränz - and stone description from 1740 arranged and secured. In the last years of the Thirty Years' War around 1645, the population was probably only around 30 people, and in 1687 some farms were still in desolation. From 1702 to 1806 the population grew from around 160 to 344 people. Most of the local lords did not live on site, but there was once a manor house , which is said to have been in poor condition as early as 1667 and of which only the manorial cellar, built over with a new house, was left in 1809.
At the beginning of the 19th century Wollenberg was a purely Farming farming community, over 60 percent of the families were as farmers or laborers in the agriculture operates, and most possessed of the few commercial and traders also have a small farm for their supply. The once more important viticulture had largely come to a standstill by the beginning of the 19th century; Because of the limited area of Wollenberg, cattle breeding was always insignificant.
In 1806 Wollenberg fell to Baden , initially belonged to the Waibstadt district office and in 1814 came to the Neckarbischofsheim district office . In 1851, the lords of Gemmingen-Guttenberg sold their 54 hectare property in the village to the municipality, which divided the estate and gave it to 57 citizens. In 1852 the highest population to date was reached with 469 inhabitants. As a result of emigration and emigration, the number of inhabitants fell to 200 by 1939. When the Neckarbischofsheim district office was dissolved in 1864, Wollenberg joined the Sinsheim district office .
During the Second World War , from March 1943, over 80 refugees from bombed-out cities were temporarily quartered in Wollenberg. After the end of the war, from February 1946 to March 1948, a total of 132 displaced persons, mostly from Czechoslovakia and Hungary, were assigned to the place, whose accommodation posed major problems for the small community. In 1948 a new high was reached with 384 inhabitants. Since there were only few jobs in Wollenberg, the number of inhabitants decreased to 238 by 1960 due to emigration.
In the course of the administrative reform in Baden-Württemberg, the municipal councils of Wollenberg and Bargen spoke out in 1969 for a merger of the municipalities. However, this was rejected by a majority of the residents of Wollenberg in a public survey in November 1969, whereupon independence should be maintained. In July 1971, the local council voted in favor of incorporation into Bad Rappenau, which in a public survey in October 1971 also found a majority. Then Wollenberg was incorporated into Bad Rappenau on January 1, 1972. When it was incorporated, the place had 253 inhabitants. During the district reform of Baden-Württemberg in 1973 , Wollenberg came to the district of Heilbronn on January 1, 1973, to which the main town of Bad Rappenau had already belonged.
Beginning with the new development area Hüffenhardter Weg , several new development areas were developed from 1964 onwards, the building stock of which now exceeds the number of buildings in the historic town center. The place still has no significant infrastructure. It is still dominated by agriculture today and also serves as a place of residence for commuters from the surrounding cities and communities. In 1987 Wollenberg had 304 inhabitants, 120 of 136 employed people earned their living outside their place of residence.
Jewish community
A Jewish community in Wollenberg may have existed as early as the 16th century; a Jew living in the town was first mentioned by name in 1661. Especially under the local rule of the Gemmingen in the 18th century, the community grew and with 156 people in 1841 comprised more than a third of the population of Wollenberg. A first synagogue existed early in the stately long building from the 17th century, in which most of the Jews also lived. The Jewish dead were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Heinsheim until 1743 , then in Waibstadt . In 1789 a new Jewish house with 13 apartments and a synagogue was built by the manor in today's Deinhardstraße. In 1825 a separate synagogue was also built after the one in the Jewish house had become too small. In 1846 a women's pool was built . After 1860, the Jewish community gradually declined due to emigration and emigration. The Jewish house, which the landlords had sold to three Jewish citizens in 1837, burned down in 1869. In 1900 there were still 32 Jews counted, in 1933 another 21, of which ten moved or emigrated, but eleven were deported in 1940 and most of them died. The synagogue on Poststrasse was demolished in 1938 by an external SA troop, its remains were torn down in 1965 and a farm building was built over it.
coat of arms
The coat of arms of Wollenberg shows white "mountains of clouds" in front of a shield divided into five in the Gemmingen colors of blue and yellow.
Buildings
- The baroque Protestant church was built in the center of the village in 1767/68 as a replacement for a dilapidated chapel from the late 16th century that was located elsewhere. The font was donated in 1778 and the gallery was built in 1833. The rectory by the church is a new building from 1990.
- The wine press was built in 1810 instead of a dilapidated predecessor structure. An inscription stone names the year of construction and the builder. The wine press came to the community with the sale of goods by those of Gemmingen-Guttenberg in 1851, and they sold it to five citizens after the First World War.
- The historic inn at the church is the birthplace of Johann Friedrich Deinhard.
- The school building built in 1960 in Gewann Galienberg above the old town is today the administrative center and fire station.
- There are several historical fountains in Wollenberg.
Portal of the Church
Wine press
Inscription stone
Historical fountain
Rectory
school
Personalities
- Johann Friedrich Deinhard (1772–1827), founded the sparkling wine and wine cellar Deinhard in Koblenz in 1794
- Hans Fassnacht (* 1950), swimmer and Olympic participant
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 479 .
literature
- 1200 years Wollenberg , ed. from the city of Bad Rappenau in 1992
- Gustav Neuwirth: History of the City of Bad Rappenau . City of Bad Rappenau, Bad Rappenau 1978
Web links
Babstadt | Bonfeld | Fürfeld | Grombach | Heinsheim | Upper lashes | Tresch blades | Wollenberg